英語聽力考前串講

1、英語聽力考前串講主講人：寇文錦第一部分：課程介紹本課程以培養(yǎng)聽力技能為主線，通過系統(tǒng)的聽力專門技能的單項訓練及綜合訓練，培養(yǎng)學生的快速反應、準確辯別、分析推理、歸納總結、信息處理及記錄和記憶等能力。現階段涉及內容為人們日常生活及語言交際中最常用的話題，訓練重點為聽電話、天氣預報、時間、日期、數字、方位及信息指示等最基本的單項技能。第二部分：考試題型I. Words and definitions （10%）共10小題，每題1分。II.Short Conversations (30%) 共4段小對話，填空形式，共15小題，每題2分。III. Passages or longer conversa

2、tions (30%) 共3篇文章，每篇文章5小題，前2篇為單項選擇，第3篇為判斷正誤，共15小題，每題2分。IV.Spot dictation (30%)共1篇文章，30個填空，每空1分。第三部分：答題技巧1.迅速瀏覽題目選項拿到試卷以后，趁錄音稿播放答題指示(directions)的時候，迅速瀏覽一遍題目選項，使自己對于考試中出現的題目類型做到心中有數，這樣答題時便可根據不同題型注意不同的細節(jié)。2隨題作筆記 在做題時，我們還應養(yǎng)成隨題做筆記的習慣，記下聽到的關鍵詞，這主要有兩個方面的作用：a.記下了關鍵詞，當我們遇到一時難以判斷的題時，可以等聽力結束后再回過頭來仔細推敲，而不用擔心遺漏,

3、也不會在一題上花太多時間，因此題而影響彼題。b. 遇到內容較復雜的談話時，記在不同選項旁的關鍵詞可以幫助我們很快找到正確答案。例如：Youll read:(A)$20 (B)$40 (C)$60 (D)$80Youll hear: W:Would you please tell me how much does a sweater cost?M: That depends on which one you want. The red one is 20 dollars, the blue one is 10 dollars more and the yellow one is twice as

4、 much as the blue one.Q: How much does a yellow sweater cost?在此題中，當聽到“20 dollars”一詞時，應在A.$20這一選項旁記下衣服的顏色：red,然后在一旁可記下blue 10，而在C.$60旁可記下yellow。這樣不至于混淆各種顏色的毛衣的價格，就能迅速找到答案。3注意主要信息和目的,不要試圖聽清每一個詞注意談話的環(huán)境，交流的主要信息和目的，不要試圖聽清每一個詞。有些聽力非常好的考生以為聽力部分要得到高分，就要聽懂談話的每一個詞，因而過于關注談話中的一個個的詞，因為一個詞沒聽懂就驚慌失措，導致整句話都沒聽懂，甚至影響到

5、下一個題的解答，其實這是沒有必要的。聽力測試的大部分題目是考我們對于談話主要的內容的全面把握。我們的注意力應放在談話的環(huán)境，交流的主要信息和目的上。例如談論的如果主要是價格，那么十之八九是商場購物;如果談論的是疾病，則可能在醫(yī)院;如果談論的是課程和考試，則可能在學校。根據談話的主要話題，就可推論出談話的環(huán)境，甚至談話人之間的關系。大部分的地點，職業(yè)關系題都是根據這一原則設置的。4.全面把握整體意思，不選貌合神離的選項在卷面所提供的四個選項中，有三個是以種種方式干擾考生的，而常見的一種方式是提供一個讀音與談話中某一詞組十分相似的選項或在某個選項中提供一個在談話中出現過的詞，如果考生沒有聽懂對話的

6、整體意思，就很容易被誤導。例如：Youll hear:M: Registration always takes so long. W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: What bothers the woman?You will read:(A) Registration.(B) When the line breaks.(C) How long the line is.(D) People who dont wait their turn.在此題中，B.，C.兩項都出現了“l(fā)ine”一詞，這是在對話中出現過的，許多考

7、生可能被誤導選B.選，而實際上讓女士厭煩的是 “people who cut in line”，因此(D)項“People who dont wait their turn”才是最恰當的。以上談到的答題技巧在聽短文(Passages)時同樣適用。在聽短文時，如果先閱讀選項，可以大概預知將要聽到的短文是什么體裁的，主要談及哪方面的內容，應留心哪方面的細節(jié)。而且在聽短文時，尤其要注意適時記筆記，因為要在短文聽完后才能聽到問題，雖然可以從卷面的選項上預測某些考點，但某一題的四個選項中，可以有兩個或更多的都出現在短文中，如果迅速記下關鍵詞，某些數字及相關內容、年代等重要細節(jié)，我們解題的準確程度就會大大

8、提高。在選擇答案時，同樣不要因為某一選項中的詞組是剛才聽過的就認為它是正確的答案。有許多考生還喜歡在沒有聽到問題之前，就因為聽到某一選項而過早做出判斷。這都是不正確的，因為問題也許問的是另一方面的內容，而且很多這樣的選項其目的就是為了迷惑考生。這樣做，還很容易因對前一題的錯誤判斷導致后一題也順著同一思路而錯選第四部分：知識點分類（一）對數字的敏感在聽力理解中,對有關數字做出迅速和準確的反應,是非常重要的。雖然聽懂、說出和記下有關數字是一項聽力微技能,但卻要求聽者具備良好的心理素質,較高的語言水平和較廣的知識面?？梢韵胍?如果一個聽者聽見數字就頭疼心慌,或者平素根本就不知道那個數字怎么念,或者對

9、涉及該數字的背景知識一無所知,那是無法達到聽力理解的要求的。本文試圖舉出一些最典型、最棘手的例證,并從語言和背景知識的角度,提出怎樣突破數字聽力難關的若干對策,供讀者參考。1大額數字 為了讀寫方便,英語中用逗號將4位以上的大額數字分成3位一逗的若干小節(jié),如1,031,882,511。在聽記這樣的大額數字時,其對策是:(1) 在聽到million和thousand之后加一個comma; (2)為了捕捉正確的數字,平素要特別注意數字的各種不同念法,比如像1100這樣的數字,VOA經常把它念成11hundred。下列念法都很特別,我們要經常留意：211 two eleven 103,141 one

10、hundred three thousand and one forty one 10,500,000 ten thousand a half million 17,500,000 seventeen and one half million 27,000,000,000 twenty seven thousand million 210,000,000,000 two hundred ten thousand million 2 百分數百分數 除了常規(guī)讀法如5.1%讀作 five point one percent 之外,還有一些特殊讀法。了解這些特殊讀法乃是迅速準確地對百分數做出反應的關鍵

11、所在。下面的例子均出自:1.5% one and one half percent 13.5% thirteen and one half percent 1.3% one and three tenth percent 0.4% four tenth one percent 3 數字零(0) 數字0一般念成zero,在電話號碼里念成oh。除此之外,零還有別的念法或說法,如nil,nothing等。這些念法或說法經常出現在足球賽的比分中,聽者事前須有思想準備。例如:(1) Er, Celtic Three, Manchester City nil; Queens Park Rangers tw

12、o, Motherwell United one. 前者比分為30,后者為21。(2) Italy won its semi final match against Poland on Thursday. The score was two to nothing. 這里比分為20。4 電話號碼 聽記電話號碼最要緊的是了解英美打電話的習慣,以便不失時機地捕捉稍縱即逝的信息。電話鈴一響,英美人士便會拿起話筒“自報家門”,告知對方自己的電話號碼、或是單位名稱、或是自己姓名。因此,我們聽有關打電話的錄音時,所聽到的第一個號碼便是 the number called。很多聽者往往不注意錄音的第一句,因而

13、錯過電話號碼這一重要信息。下面例句中的第一個數字均為the number called:(1) 5754661.Whos calling please? (2) 7896443. Good morning. Can I help you? 其次,我們要知道電話號碼的念法。英美最常見的電話號碼是7位數,一般逐個逐個地念,在第3位數后面作一短暫停頓,使之成為前3后4的格局。例如:274(pause)8553789(pause)6443在上面的兩個號碼中,8553可念成eight double five three, 6443可念成six double four three。但在7733298這樣的

14、號碼中,不可念成double seven double three two nine eight,即要遵守前3后4的規(guī)則。另外,像5553298這樣的號碼,前3位數一般也不念成treble five,而是five five five逐個念。至于電話的區(qū)號(Area Code)則很簡單,美國的區(qū)號一般是3位數字。例如:(212)2711107.(212)就是區(qū)號。5 時間 聽時間問幾點幾分一般困難不大,因為數字小,也知道怎么說。但要注意以下幾種情況:(1) 說幾點過幾分,英國人喜歡用past,而美國人喜歡用after。如九點過十分,英國人說ten past nine,美國人卻說ten after

15、 nine(2) 機場、車站使用的是24小時制,因此說幾點幾分而又不足10點時,往往要補上一個0。例如: Lufthansa Flight LH203 leaves at 0920. (讀作Oh nine twenty) The coach leaves for the airport at 0815.(讀作 Oh eight fifteen)(3) 電臺報時使用的是,時間后面都加。例如: This is London, 23 hours Greenwich Mean Time. BBC World Service. This is Radio Australia broadcasting f

16、rom our studios in Melbourne. Its 9:30 hours, Greenwich Mean Time .(4)聽時間也有困難的時候。例如: At the third stroke, the time sponsored by Accurist will be twelve one and fifty seconds. 上面句子中的時間是12:01:50。如果我們事先不了解這種說法,要順利聽懂并記下這個時間恐怕就成問題。(5)聽時間還涉及頭疼的時差問題。請看下面的例子:Man: Miss Smith, I told Dr. Brown that I would ca

17、ll him in the Houston office at 10 oclock their time. Please find out the time difference for me so that Ill know when to place the call. Woman: Its 2 hours earlier in Houston, sir, I know without looking it up because my sister live there. Question: When should the man place his call to Houston? 本題

18、的正確答案是At 12 oclock。如果聽者沒有時差的概念,特別是對早幾個小時或遲幾個時糊里糊涂,往往就會選擇At 8 oclock的錯誤答案。我們再看一個例子:Guest: Is that the manager?Hotel Manager: Speaking. Can I be of any assistance?Guest: Could you speed up your switch board a bit, please? I booked a call to Brussels a good twenty minutes ago and I havent had a reply y

19、et. Hotel Manager: Well, perhaps theyre rather busy at this time of the day. After all, we are an hour ahead of Belgium.Question: Is the hotel in a country east of Belgium or west of Belgium? 答案當然是east of Belgium。因為地球自西往東轉, hotel這邊快一個小時當在東,Belgium慢一個小時則在西。6 價格的計算計算主要涉及價格。整數的加減乘除一般問題不大,但要特別小心分數和百分數的運

20、算。例如:man: Our rent is now just 600month. Woman: I know. Its exactly one third more than it was when we first moved in. Question: how much rent had been paid at first? 本題的正確答案為450?？墒呛芏嗦犝叨紩x400,這是因為沒有理解比原先的房租正好多三分之一的真正含意。如果我們復算一下,就會發(fā)現600比400多了二分之一而不是三分之一。在進行價格計算的時候,我們還要注意“打幾折”中外說法的差異。我們中國說打八折,是指賣商品原價的

21、80%;而英美則說打20%的折扣,即從原價中扣除20%。此外,價格的計算還涉及以下三個背景知識方面的問題:(1) 錢數的讀法與寫法。錢數一般照字面讀。如3.35就讀作three thirty five,或者three dollars thirty five(cents省讀)。英鎊也是如此。如3.35也讀作three thirty five,或者three pounds thirty five(pence省讀)。錢數的寫法如上。70cents寫作70;68pence寫作68.(68pence也讀作68.)(2) 美國貨幣的名稱。美國的紙幣(bills)都是一元以上的,統(tǒng)稱為dollar(元)。硬

22、幣(coin)單位是cent (分); 五分的叫nickel;一角的叫dime;二角五分的叫quarter;五角的叫half dollar或50cent piece。不了解這些情況,計算價格時就會一籌莫展。例如: Man: Id like to buy these four Thanks giving cards. Are they ten cents each?Woman: Three of them are, but that smaller one is only a nickel. Question: How much were the cards al together? 本題的正確

23、答案是0.35。(3)找錢的習慣。美國人找錢的習慣也跟我國的差不多。例如你拿一張10美元的紙幣買一本3.35的書,店員會先找給你一個nickel,這樣就成了3.40;再給你一個dime就成了3.50;加一個50 cent piece就是4.00;再加一張一美元的紙幣就是5.00,再加一張5美元的紙幣就湊足了10美元。如果我們不了解這方面情況,碰上這類計算題,聽到的將是一連串數字,至于對話人在說什么,則完全莫明其妙,更不用說找出正確答案了。請看下面例子;Woman: here is a ten.Man: Thats two thirty nine for the book, and here i

24、s your change; two forty, two fifty, three four five and five makes ten. 7 溫度 溫度有攝氏度(the Celsius或 The centigrade scale)與華氏度(the Fahrenheit scale)之分。攝氏度水的冰點是零度,沸點是100,華氏度則分別為32和212。以上屬于常識范圍。值得特別注意的是,有些人會在同一語境中既使用攝氏度又使用華氏度,例如他說,“Normally Winter temperatures here range between 25 and 40 degrees.”顯然他使用的

25、是華氏度;然而他馬上又改用攝氏度接著說,“Some times we have temperatures below zero.”只有有了這種思想準備,聽天氣預報或與外國人交談時,我們才不致被弄糊涂。8 數字的變化 很多情況下,你所聽到的數字會因其他的詞語而發(fā)生變化。這一點我們要特別小心,切忌聽到什么答什么,聽到什么選什么。例如:(1)Shes not young any more, you see, shes 78 next birthday, and its difficult for her to walk up to the top floor. Question: How old i

26、s the woman? 明年78,今年當然就是77。聽到78就答78那就錯了。(3) :What sort of person are you looking for? W: Oh, someone tall, dark and handsome. M: I see. And what sort of age? W: Oh, mid 20s, I suppose. .答案絕非20,因為20指20 29,這個 20即指2426歲。(4) But I like my place. Ive got three floors below me and three above, I feel very

27、 safe. Question1:On which floor does the speaker live? 答案并非三樓,而是四樓,因為其下還有三層。Question2: How many stories does the apartment building have? 答曰樓高七層,因為他(她)住四樓,其上還有三層。(4)The lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet bellow sea level, or you can say minus 1,312 feet. Question: Whats the alt

28、itude of the Dead Sea? 答曰-1,312feet。如果我們忽略了below sea level或者minus這個關鍵詞,將反復兩遍的1,312feet當成正確答案,那就差之毫厘,謬以千里（二）場景專題在銀行與銀行有關的詞匯bank book/pass book存折 open an account開戶earn interest賺取利息 savings account儲蓄存款帳戶current account活期存款帳戶 check/cheque account支票帳戶deposit account定期存款帳戶 annual interest rate年利率monthly s

29、avings account按月計息帳戶 daily interest account按天計息帳戶instant account速成戶頭 service charge服務費/手續(xù)費signature card簽名卡 draw/withdraw提款 order check/cheque記名支票 rubber check/cheque空頭支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate匯率denomination=face value面額 four in hundred四張一百元面額give the money in fives/tens換成五元或十元面額bill鈔票

30、change零錢cash現金 password/code密碼amount in figures小寫金額 amount in words大寫金額credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帳戶余額 travelers check/chque旅行支票 coin硬幣penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬幣dime（美、加）的十分硬幣 unit 貨幣單位value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅commercial/merchant bank商業(yè)銀行 full refund全額償還extension延期 overdraw/overdr

31、aft透支rebate回扣 mortgage抵押expense account公款支付帳戶a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款debt債務 collateral擔保物fill out/in填寫 chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan貸款 joint account聯名帳戶by installment分期付款 cashier收銀員teller銀行職員 statement對帳單money order匯票 accountant會計 A.T.M自動取款機automatic teller machinevoucher憑單、小票cash withdraw

32、al現金提取account inquiry帳戶查詢ICBC中國工商銀行Transaction交易示范對話1A：Excuse me.Is this the business department of ICBC?B：Yes.What banking services are you looking for?A：I want to make a deposit at your bank.B：Would you like fixed deposit or current deposit?A：Current one.B：All right.I can help you with that.2A：Nic

33、e to see you again.How can I help you?B：I want to put some money into my account.A：How much do you want to deposit?B：2,000 RMB yuan.A：Please fill out a deposit slip.Write down your name and the amount of deposit.B：Okay.A：Would you please pass me your passbook with the deposit slip?B：Here you are.3A：

34、Hello!Id like to deposit some foreign currency.B：Which currency do you have?A：US dollars.B：How much do you want to deposit?A：1,000 US dollars.B：Fixed deposit or current deposit?A：Fixed one.B：How long are you going to deposit your money?A：One year.B : Thats Okay.Ill do that for you now.4A：Hello!I am

35、a customer of your bank.B：Im glad to see you.Is there anything I can do for you?A：Yes.I got my telephone bill yesterday.Im afraid I have got no money in my account.B：Let me take a look at your account.Your account number ,please?A：Its 364585.B：Your name,please?A：My name is Carter.B：Well.Your balance

36、 shows 6, you will have to deposit more money into your account.A：Yes.Ill put 100 yuan in my account.Is that enough?B：Thats enough.5A：Can I help you?B：Yes.I want to deposit some money into my Peony Card account.A：Would you mind passing me your money with your card?B：Here you are.A：How much are you g

37、oing to deposit?B：500 RMB yuan.A：500 RMB yuan.Thats right.Please enter your password.B：Is that all right.A：Tts passed.Here is your Peony Card with the check slip.Please check it.B：No problem.(三)天氣預報詞匯補充AM Clouds / PM Sun=上午有云/下午后晴 AM Showers=上午陣雨 AM Snow Showers=上午陣雪 AM T-Storms=上午雷暴雨 Clear=晴朗 Cloud

38、y=多云 Cloudy / Wind=陰時有風 Clouds Early / Clearing Late=早多云/晚轉晴 Drifting Snow=飄雪 Drizzle=毛毛雨 Dust=灰塵 Fair=晴 Few Showers=短暫陣雨 Few Snow Showers=短暫陣雪 Few Snow Showers / Wind=短暫陣雪時有風 Fog=霧 Haze=薄霧 Hail=冰雹 Heavy Rain=大雨 Heavy Rain Icy=大冰雨 Heavy Snow=大雪 Heavy T-Storm=強烈雷雨 Isolated T-Storms=局部雷雨 Light Drizzle

39、=微雨 Light Rain=小雨 Light Rain Shower=小陣雨 Light Rain Shower and Windy=小陣雨帶風 Light Rain with Thunder=小雨有雷聲 Light Snow=小雪 Light Snow Fall=小降雪 Light Snow Grains=小粒雪 Light Snow Shower=小陣雪 Lightening=雷電 Mist=薄霧 Mostly Clear=大部晴朗 Mostly Cloudy=大部多云 Mostly Cloudy/ Windy=多云時陰有風 Mostly Sunny=晴時多云 Partly Cloudy

40、=局部多云 Partly Cloudy/ Windy=多云時有風 PM Rain / Wind=下午小雨時有風 PM Light Rain=下午小雨 PM Showers=下午陣雨 PM Snow Showers=下午陣雪 PM T-Storms=下午雷雨 Rain=雨 Rain Shower=陣雨 Rain Shower/ Windy=陣雨/有風 Rain / Snow Showers=雨或陣雪 Rain / Snow Showers Early=下雨/早間陣雪 Rain / Wind=雨時有風 Rain and Snow=雨夾雪 Scattered Showers=零星陣雨 Scatter

41、ed Showers / Wind=零星陣雨時有風 Scattered Snow Showers=零星陣雪 Scattered Snow Showers / Wind=零星陣雪時有風 Scattered Strong Storms=零星強烈暴風雨 Scattered T-Storms=零星雷雨 Showers=陣雨 Showers Early=早有陣雨 Showers Late=晚有陣雨 Showers / Wind=陣雨時有風 Showers in the Vicinity=周圍有陣雨 Smoke=煙霧 Snow=雪 Snow / Rain Icy Mix=冰雨夾雪 Snow and Fog

42、=霧夾雪 Snow Shower=陣雪 Snowflakes=雪花 Sunny=陽光 Sunny / Wind=晴時有風 Sunny Day=晴天 Thunder=雷鳴 Thunder in the Vicinity=周圍有雷雨 T-Storms=雷雨 T-Storms Early=早有持續(xù)雷雨 T-Storms Late=晚有持續(xù)雷雨 Windy=有風 Windy / Snowy=有風/有雪 Windy Rain=刮風下雨 Wintry Mix=雨雪混合天氣預報范文 Well, as you can see from the weather map, theres varied weathe

43、r activity across the United States and Canada today. Lets start with the west coast, where its raining from British Columbia down to northern California. The high in Seattle will be 50 degrees. Southern California will be in better shape todaytheyll have sunny skies and warmer temperatures. Were lo

44、oking for a high of 78 degrees in San Diego. The mid-west will be having clear but windy weather. Oklahoma City will see a high of 65 and sunny skies, with very strong winds. Down in Houston were looking for cloudy skies and a high of 69. Over to the east in Miami we expect the thermometer to reach 64 degrees, but itll be cloudy and quite windy. Up in the northeast, it looks like winter just wont let go! New York City will be having another day of heavy rains, high winds, and cold temperatures, with a high of only 35 degrees expected. Furth