介詞+關(guān)系代詞型定語從句中介詞的選擇

1、-精選文檔 -介詞 +關(guān)系代詞“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句的一種復(fù)雜形式，這類定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有 which ,whom , whose ,它們既可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞前該選用什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的語境、習(xí)語、慣用法等來決定。一介詞選擇的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degreeto whichthey canbe controlled on purpose.人類的面部表情和動(dòng)物的面部表情就可

2、控制的程度來說是不一樣的。 ( to a degree )The gentlemanabout whomyou told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)紳士被證明是個(gè)小偷。( tell sb. about sb./ sth. )The English playin which my students acted at the New Years party was a greatsuccess. 那場在新年晚會(huì)上我學(xué)生參加表演的英語劇很成功。( in the play )The schools themselves admit that

3、not all children will be successful in the jobsforwhich they are being trained.學(xué)校本身承認(rèn)， 并不是所有的孩子都能在他們所接受的培訓(xùn)的職業(yè)成功。 ( be trained for the job )2. 介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Who is the manwith whomour teacher is shaking hands?我們的老師與之握手的那個(gè)男士是誰？( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck

4、 by floods ,from whoseeffects thepeople are still suffering.上個(gè)月，東南亞的部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪水，人們還在遭受著洪水所帶來的影響。 (suffer from sth. )可編輯-精選文檔 -3. 介詞與定語從句中的形容詞構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配Ours is a beautiful country ,of whichwe are greatly proud .我們的國家是一個(gè)美麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械胶茏院馈? be proud of )The womanto whomSpielberg is married is an actress.同斯皮

5、爾伯格結(jié)婚的女人是一位演員。 ( be married to )The West Lake ,for whichHangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。( be famous for )The womanto whomhe was engaged was a doctor.他與之訂婚的那個(gè)女士是位醫(yī)生。(be engaged to )4. 有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞前用什么介詞， 要根據(jù)句子的意思來決定， 此時(shí)不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配I was a woman running toward me in the dark.

6、Before I could recognize who shewas, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she hadran back in the directionfrom whichshe had come.看見一位婦女在黑暗中像我走來，我還沒來得及認(rèn)清她是誰，她已經(jīng)從她來的方向跑回去了。（如果僅注意先行詞，很容易受習(xí)慣心里的影響而使用in this direction的搭配，但考慮到語境后的come，則應(yīng)該使用from 。）He was educated at the local

7、high school,after whichhe went on to BeijingUniversity.他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧猩蠈W(xué)，之后他上了北京大學(xué)。 （after which的意思就是 “在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧薪邮芡杲逃蟆保?。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm.by whichtime many havegot home.在辦公室我好像總是沒時(shí)間，只有等到下午五點(diǎn)半，而那個(gè)時(shí)候大家都已經(jīng)回家可編輯-精選文檔 -了。（此句不能受 at 5:30 pm的通常表達(dá)的影響而選用介詞at,而應(yīng)該依據(jù)整個(gè)句子的語意來確定介

8、詞。 ）5. 表示“所有格”或“整體與部分關(guān)系”時(shí)，用介詞ofThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,of whichthe sailingtime was 226 days.這次環(huán)球旅行老水手用了9 個(gè)月，其中航行的時(shí)間是 226天。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are soldabroad. 這個(gè)工廠每年生產(chǎn)50 萬雙鞋，其中的（指 50 萬雙鞋） 80% 銷往海外。I was told

9、that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school,most of whom were from Germany. 我被告知這個(gè)學(xué)校有大約50 個(gè)外國學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中文，其中大多數(shù)來自德國。I have many friends,of whom some are businessmen.我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二介詞不能提前的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞可以提前放在which （指事物不能用 that ）或者 whom( 指人不能用who) 之前，也可放于原來的位置，但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞的關(guān)系比較緊密，一般不能將介詞與動(dòng)詞拆開而將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。這類短語動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to/look at/depend on/take care of/look into/break i