英語中考復(fù)習(xí)專題_被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、英語專題 被動(dòng)語態(tài)編 稿：趙吉存 審 稿：杭海 責(zé) 編：夏芳蓮一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗ο蟮募拔飫?dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。如：He opened the door. 他打開了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改

2、變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說明： 2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化： 3、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，“be+過去分詞”部分不變。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時(shí)）Can tables be made of

3、 stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被選為主席。2、當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房間還沒有打掃。The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。3、當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：The window was blown by

4、wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客觀的說明常用“It is + 過去分詞”句型。如：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。其它常見的“It is + 過去分詞+ that”句型還有：It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is said that據(jù)說It i

5、s believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建議四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示： 1、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：(1)將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z： 注意： 如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.(2)將動(dòng)詞改為“be+過去分詞”。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他們昨天開會了。(3)將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為by放在謂語動(dòng)詞后。 注意： 如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由

6、主格變?yōu)橘e格。 如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：(1)主動(dòng)句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人們”、“大家”的單詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去“by”，但原主語被強(qiáng)調(diào) 時(shí)除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975.This hospital was set up in 1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。The job can be finish

7、ed only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來完成。(2)含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。如：Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等。下列動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)式：happen，cost，have如：An accident was happened ye

8、sterday.（）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.（）The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。The watch looks good.這表看起來很好。This book sells well.這本書暢銷。六、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例（以動(dòng)詞do為例）1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/ is/ are +done）如：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。T

9、he classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2一般過去時(shí)(was/ were +done)如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。3一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)(will/ shall be +done；would/should be +done)如：A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。A new

10、road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being +done；was/ were being +done)如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by th

11、e passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done)如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。 6過去完成時(shí)(had been+done)如：They said they had been invite

12、d to the party. 他們說他們已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：Be+主語+過去分詞（vt.）+（by+賓語）？其答語用yes或 no作簡單回答。例如： Are they made in China? 它們是中國制造的嗎？Yes, they are. 是的，是中國制造的。Was the museum built in 1993? 這座博物館是在1993年建成的嗎？ No, it was built in 1986. 不，它是在1986年建成的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的