中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)：最實(shí)用!（經(jīng)典實(shí)用）

1、 The Skills of reading comprehension 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)： 猜測(cè)生詞含義猜測(cè)生詞含義： 推理判斷推理判斷： 歸納主旨大意：歸納主旨大意： 推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的： 閱讀理解考查題型閱讀理解考查題型 （一）事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)題（一）事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)題 對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找尋找 對(duì)原因、結(jié)果、事實(shí)的對(duì)原因、結(jié)果、事實(shí)的正確理解正確理解 n常用提問(wèn)方式：常用提問(wèn)方式： 1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how m

2、any/much, how long).? 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is (not) true? 通常是特殊疑問(wèn)句或判斷句子正誤通常是特殊疑問(wèn)句或判斷句子正誤 1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant. The ad tells us that_ A. The assistant must be

3、 a man. B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant. C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China. B 事實(shí)理解題解題技巧：事實(shí)理解題解題技巧： 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般在事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般在: 1文中有文中有原句原句； 2找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比對(duì)比對(duì); 3找找近義詞或同義句近義詞或同義句; 4進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算計(jì)算; 在讀文章時(shí)把這些信息劃下來(lái)在讀文章時(shí)把這些信息劃下來(lái) （二） 猜測(cè)詞義 詞匯題是詢問(wèn)文章中出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞、詞組或詞匯題是詢問(wèn)文章中出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞、詞組或 句子含義

4、的題型。句子含義的題型。 常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： 1) The word . refers to _ 2) The underlined . probably means _ 1、根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞 常用的：常用的：be, be called, mean，破折號(hào)或定語(yǔ)從，破折號(hào)或定語(yǔ)從 句等來(lái)表示。句等來(lái)表示。 Well, Ive relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. T

5、hats the heart of the watermelon. “the heart of the watermelon” refers to_. A. the best part of the watermelon. B. the writers busy life C. the writers decision of making money. D. the writers hope of enjoying life. D 2、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷 As they go around town, they help people. When the

6、y find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away. They know all the streets and roads well. Often people ask them how to get to a place in town. In the text, “put an end to” means _ A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly A There is a place on our earth

7、where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? _ A. 自來(lái)水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 D and 3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)猜測(cè)、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)猜測(cè) 3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)猜測(cè)、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)猜測(cè) 表示因果關(guān)系的表示因果關(guān)系的： 表示同義關(guān)系的表示同義關(guān)系的： 表示反義關(guān)系的表示反

8、義關(guān)系的： because, as, since, for, so, as a result and, like, just asthe same as. but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of) 演練1 A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases . One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret” Now wh

9、en someone lets out a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.” Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he A. makes everyone know a secret. B. the woman bout a cat. C. buys a cat in the bag. D. sells the cat in the bag. A 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2 If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that

10、 has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you cant have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family. What does the underlin

11、ed word “stable” mean in Chinese? _ A. 幸福的 B. 穩(wěn)定的 C. 健康的 B （三）推理判斷 考查邏輯推理能力、語(yǔ)言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。考查邏輯推理能力、語(yǔ)言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。 下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？ We can infer(推斷) from the story that_ Whats the passage mainly about? It can be inferred from the passage that _ According to the story, what would happen ne

12、xt? The first paragraph tells us that _ What can we learn from the passage? _ _ 1、事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后、事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后 加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。 Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stori

13、es are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _ You often play football with your friends after school. Your teacher has got a cold. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught. The bike i

14、n front of your house is lost. C danger bad When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do

15、this. What does the underlined word “this” mean?_ Dont cough or sneeze in front of people Dont stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train. A. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry. D 解題技巧：推斷題在文章無(wú)法直接找到答解題技巧：推斷題在文章無(wú)法直接找到答 案，須在正確理

16、解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)案，須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ) 上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、 主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作 出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時(shí)要特別注意代詞所出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時(shí)要特別注意代詞所 指代的對(duì)象指代的對(duì)象 （四）歸納主旨大意（四）歸納主旨大意:主要包括主題思想、主要包括主題思想、 寫作意圖、文章的題目等寫作意圖、文章的題目等 常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： (1）What is the main idea of the passage? (2) The first paragraph tells

17、 us that _ (3) Which of the following expresses the main idea? (4) The passage is mainly about _ (5) The best title for the story is _ (6) Which of the following is the best title? Can you find the topic sentence? All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone.

18、Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain .Some food chains become

19、 broken up if one of the links disappears. 2. Reading is a good habit, but the problem is , theres too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good. _ _ 解題技

20、巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說(shuō)明文。解題技巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說(shuō)明文。 要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題 句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時(shí)也在中間。句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時(shí)也在中間。 3. Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charity work in China? Here lets know some of them. What is the

21、passage mainly about? _ A. Chinese charity work. B. Charity work of some Chinese artists. C. Some famous Chinese artists. D. Organizations started by Chinese artists. B _ （五）作者的意圖、態(tài)度和目的題（五）作者的意圖、態(tài)度和目的題 1、作者的語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度往往不會(huì)直接寫在文章里，只 能通過(guò)細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及修飾手段中體會(huì) 出來(lái)。 常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： (1) What is the writers purpo

22、se in writing the passage? (2) The writer probably feels that _ (3) What is the writers main point? (4) What is the writers attitude towards? (5) In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _ (6) The writer suggest(暗示) that _ (7) The writer wants to prove that _ 題目都是圍繞作者的意題目都是圍繞作者的意 圖、目的和態(tài)度圖、目的和

23、態(tài)度 解題技巧解題技巧: 正確理解文章中反映作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞，同正確理解文章中反映作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞，同 時(shí)通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)推斷正確答案，學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使時(shí)通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)推斷正確答案，學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使 用的詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度用的詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度 和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把你自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把你自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。 Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to do the trou

24、sers. Now when I think about it, I dont think she is an old lady. I thin she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned. Now the writer _ A. is still afraid of the lady B. hates the strict lady. C. admires the disabled la

25、dy. D. is very grateful to the lady. D Read the passage and finish the exercises nHappiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happ

26、iness. nSome people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which cant be

27、bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value(重視) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy. nHere are a few ways to help you be happier

28、. nThe first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job that we dont enjoy the present. You should enjoy lifes simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening

29、to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives. nThe second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities. nF

30、inally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get foo

31、d for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house. nNow maybe you know how to find happiness! ( ) 1. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can _. ( ) 2. The underlined word “wealthy” means_ in the article. ( ) 3. We can infer（推斷） that Many people find it happy to _.

32、( ) 4. The passage mainly tells us _. ( ) 5. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people _ 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié) 歸納主旨大意歸納主旨大意 推理判斷推理判斷 猜測(cè)生詞猜測(cè)生詞 推測(cè)作者的意圖、態(tài)度、目的推測(cè)作者的意圖、態(tài)度、目的 表示因果關(guān)系的表示因果關(guān)系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result 表示同義關(guān)系的表示同義關(guān)系的：and, like, just as 表示反義關(guān)系的表示反義關(guān)系的： but, however, thoug

33、h, although, yet, instead (of)等等。 （3）. 根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞 1.I could see nothing because the light was so faint 2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite. 3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as pretty as her. (昏暗的）昏暗的） (有禮貌的有禮貌的) (漂亮的漂亮的) 點(diǎn)擊中考 There is a place on our earth where hot water

34、and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? _ A. 自來(lái)水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 D （4）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞 China is our motherland. Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. 3.Its r

35、eally cold outside, and my hands are both numb. (祖國(guó)祖國(guó)) (育兒袋育兒袋) (凍僵了的凍僵了的,麻木的麻木的,失去知覺(jué)的失去知覺(jué)的) 2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. 4. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless. Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly. Wealthy

36、 means having lots of money. 5. You must stop dreaming and face reality. (富裕的，有錢的） (有害的) (現(xiàn)實(shí)) 3. My mother-in-law, my husbands mother, was a teacher. (婆婆) (無(wú)家可歸的） 解題技巧 1. 根據(jù)作者使用的詞語(yǔ)的褒貶去判斷作者 的態(tài)度，正確理解反映作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的 關(guān)鍵詞。 2. 要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不 應(yīng)把自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。 解題技巧： 找主題句。一般新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文、議論 文大都采用先總述、后分述的敘事方法， 因此主題句大都在段

37、首或篇首。 用歸納法寫文章時(shí)，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子 在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。 那么主題句往往就在段末或篇末。 2. 邏輯推理型邏輯推理型 2) 根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷 If everyone sets their air conditioning (空調(diào))at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦時(shí)) of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,” said a TV advertise

38、ment. Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400 一一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式： A 2. 邏輯推理型邏輯推理型 1） 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷 One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six oclock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five- year-old

39、 daughter, Kathy, to buy some. One day, Kathys parents invited some friends to_. A.have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party. C 一一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式： 4.理解詞句含義型理解詞句含義型 Now there are many houses around the lake. people often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemic

40、als inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆蟲(chóng)昆蟲(chóng)). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops. “Chemical” in the story means_. A. 化學(xué)家化學(xué)家 B 污染品污染品 C 藥品藥品 D. 化學(xué)制品化學(xué)制品 D 一一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式： 常用提問(wèn)方式：常用提問(wèn)方式： According to(根據(jù)根據(jù)) the passage, we

41、 know that_ The title (標(biāo)題標(biāo)題) of the passage can be_. The writer tells us_. From the story we can see/ learn / say_ The main idea of this passage is_. What is this passage about? 一一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式： 3. 歸納主旨句歸納主旨句 The ways of guessing the new words in context: A. 利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)

42、行猜詞。如，根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。如， care(小心小心) careful(小心的小心的) carefully (小心地小心地); write(寫寫) rewrite (改寫改寫)。 un- ; dis-;-less : ; mis-: ; re-: ; -ern: -er ,-or, -ist : ; 2. 根據(jù)根據(jù)“合成詞合成詞”猜測(cè)。猜測(cè)。 如如school + bag schoolbag down+stairs downstairs 不無(wú)錯(cuò)誤 再,重復(fù),重新 表方向 表示人 Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words. re

43、build modernize man-made unsafe misunderstan- ding 不安全的 誤解 重建 現(xiàn)代化 人造的 1. A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from poor countries. A. 環(huán)境環(huán)境 B. 資源資源 C. . 汽油汽油 2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. A. 帽子帽子 B. 雨鞋雨鞋 C. . 眼鏡眼鏡 3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost

44、 as plump as my mom. A. 豐滿豐滿 B. 苗條苗條 C. . 強(qiáng)壯強(qiáng)壯 4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋口袋 B. 肩帶肩帶 C. . 紐扣紐扣 Exercises: Choose the right answer. 二二.閱讀理解解題方法閱讀理解解題方法 1.先看文章,再看試題. 2.先看試題,然后帶著問(wèn)題再看文章.(常用方法) 三三.閱讀理解解題步驟閱讀理解解題步驟 1.掃讀:即快速閱讀,通覽全文.發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句(特別 要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的頭一句. 2.細(xì)讀:集中精力

45、研讀課文,分清文章體裁,把握 文章中心和主要內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而掌握文章細(xì)節(jié)信息 (五個(gè)五個(gè)W,who,what,when,where,why) 3.查讀:認(rèn)真檢查,盡量減少答題錯(cuò)誤. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some- times forget to cook supper for the family. One summer they planned