中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)大全第一篇詞法之形容詞、副詞

1、第一篇詞法四、( 一 )形容詞的用法很活躍，在英語中用處也很多，但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同，要特別加以注意。 下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下：many, no, several,some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。some, no, a lot

2、of, plenty of構(gòu)詞法原 級 比較級最高級加 er ，或 est Tallyoungtalleryoungertallestyoungest只加 r 或 st nicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫該字母加er 、 est bigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest原 級 比較級最高級good better bestWell better bestbad worse worstbadly worse worstmany more mostmost more mostl

3、ittle less lestfar fartherfurtherfarthestfurthestold olderelderoldesteldest要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形構(gòu)詞法形容詞副 詞一般加 ly Carefulkindcarefullykindly尾是 y 時將 y 變成 i 加 ly HappybusyeasyHappilybusilyeasily其 他 trueterriblefullpossibleshywholetrulyterriblyfullypossiblyshy

4、lywholly此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有：much, yet, far, still, agreat deal, even和a little.能修飾最高級的有：the very, much the, far( 二 )誤 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數(shù)，如： The beautiful is not always kindness

5、.誤 The danger has gone, so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone, so the worst is over.析意為： 危險已經(jīng)過去，最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。 用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形誤 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.析 golden 在英語中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金發(fā)， gulden voice 金嗓子。而 gold 多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的，如： a gold bar金條， a gold coi

6、n金幣，但 gold fish金魚例外。誤 She is a warm heart woman.正 She is a warmhearted woman.析 英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞， 或數(shù)詞，加名詞加 edwarmhoarted熱心腸的， whitehaired誤 There is an alive fish in the pool.正 There is a living fish in the pool.析在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語，只能作表語。如：The fish isalive.(魚還活著 ) 這樣的形容詞有： alive, alike,

7、alone, asleep, afraid, awake誤 The ill man nearly died.正 The sick man nearly died.析 ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表語時則都可以。如：He is illsick, ill作定語時則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運 ) ， ill nature(天性惡劣 ),ill temper(心緒不好 )誤 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something important to tell you.析不定代詞 something,

8、 anyone, somebody 在用形容詞修飾時，形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to tell you.誤 Ill be free on next Sunday.正 Ill be free next Sunday.析在表達(dá)將來時的時候： next Sunday, next week, next year 或 last Sunday lastweek, last year誤 The girl is twoyear old.正 The girl is two years old.正 She is a t

9、woyearold girl析由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞 組成的形容詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時要記住兩點，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：twothousandword report(兩千字的報告 ) ；其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能誤 The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.正 The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.析在名1.指示代詞，定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞 3.性質(zhì)詞 4.5.形狀 6.老少，新舊7.顏色 8.如： What a prett

10、y little white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand.誤 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析good是形容詞，這里是修飾動詞speak的，所以應(yīng)用副詞well，但well作形容詞講時只作身體好。如：He i

11、s well.(他身體很好) 。 He is good.(他是個好人)誤The children play on the grass nappyly.正析The children play on the grass happily 多音節(jié) y 結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應(yīng)將y 變?yōu)閕再加ly.誤The teacher looked angry at the students.正The teacher looked angrily at the students.析英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞，這時它是修飾主語的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來很香。The teacher

12、looked angry而此句的意思為： 老師生氣地看著學(xué)生 ，所誤 He worked with me friendly.正 He was friendly to me.析 不是所有結(jié)尾是ly 的詞都是副詞， 但 friendly是形容詞， 這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,livelymonthly weekly 。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthlycostly,誤 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely in front of your fr

13、iends.析free作為形容詞意為 自由的，有空閑的，免費的 。作為副詞講則是 免費 之意。而freely作為副詞則是 自由的，隨便的hard努力，艱苦hardly幾乎不latelately最近的，最新的near近nearlylike像likely誤 They must have arrived till now.正 They must have arrived by now.析 by now是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用瞬間動詞。而tillnow是強調(diào)某一動must have+過去分詞是對過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。誤 Someone called you right no

14、w.正 Someone called you just now.析 just now有兩個意思，其一是 剛才 ，其二是 現(xiàn)在 ，而 right now只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時態(tài)，如：I have just finished my homework.誤 My father will be back from America at present.正 My father will be back from America presently.析presently有兩個意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意，與at present相同。而for the present為暫時，

15、如：I teach English in the school for the present.誤 Ill be back at the moment.正 Ill be back in a moment.析 at the moment其意為 現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)時 ，而 in a moment意為 馬上過一會 ，與 in a minute意思誤 The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.正 The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.析 on time為 準(zhǔn)時 ，而 in time有兩個含意。其一

16、是 及時 ，如： The doctor arrived in time。其二是 將來，終究 誤 I met an old friend sometimes last month.正 I met an old friend sometime last month.析 SometimeSometimes如： Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些時間如： I need sometime to do my homework.Some times 幾次如： I went to Shanghai sometimes this month.at times

17、at all timessome other time改天誤 I had met an old friend three days ago.正 I had met an old friend three days before.正 I met an old friend three days ago.* ago用在時間狀語中時，主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時，而before用于時間狀語時則主句的謂語動詞誤 He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam.正 He studied very hard, and in the end he

18、 passed the exam.析 in the end at last意為 最終，終于 ，表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而at the end是在某事的結(jié)束時如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books誤 I will come here to help you each three days.正 I will come here to help you every three days.析 every three days為 每三天 ，即每隔二天，而every other day為每隔一天。誤He did

19、nt go to the cinema yesterday. and I didnt go, too.正He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either.析英語中表示也，有4 個字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3 個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與 as well一般要用在句尾，而also則可用于句中。如：She went totheparty and her boy friend went there too.又如：Ive also read her other nov

20、els.誤 We should help the poor girl in anyway.正 We should help the poor girl in any way.析 anyway 為 不管怎么 講， 無論如何 ，如： What a terribleaccident,anyway no one was hurt.any way為 任何方式 everyday日常的 every dayfaraway遙遠(yuǎn)的 far awayaltogether總計 all togetheralready已經(jīng) all ready誤 You can come to the doctors at anytime

21、.正 You can come to the doctors at any time.析 anytime是副詞而 any time中的 time誤 She said nearly nothing.正 She said almost nothing.析 nearly與 almost的含意相近，在很多場合可以互換，但在否定詞前用almost 。誤 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正 There are too many mistakes in your homework.析too much后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too muc

22、h water for the flowers.而too many后加可數(shù)名詞，much too后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.誤 It is late enough that we can go home now.正 It is late enough for us to go home now.析要注意的是enough 后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for somebody to dosomething誤 The twins are very alike.正 The twins are muc

23、h alike.析用 a 為首字母的形容詞不能用very 修飾，一般要用much誤 - How long does he write to his parents?- Once a week.正 - How often does he write to his parents?- Once a week.析英文與中文表達(dá)法不同，隔多長時間辦一次某事，實際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用howoften誤 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call up you.正 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call you

24、 up.析當(dāng)動詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時則一I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV.也可以講：Please turn the TV on.誤 He drove quickly his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly.析副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：實意動詞之前，如：He quicklygiveme theanswer. 在be動詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. 第一助動詞之后，如：This book has almost been fi

25、nished. 在單獨使用的be動詞和助動詞之前，如：Can you help methisafternoon?I certainly can.句或是很長的名詞He heard clearly what the teacher said.誤 The children came late yesterday to the cinema.正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday.析表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強調(diào)則可放于句首。誤 You have few new books, havent you?正 you h

26、ave few new books, have you?析英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few( 很少，幾乎沒有) ，a few( 有一些，幾個 ) ；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle( 很少，幾乎沒有 ) ，a little(有一點， 有一些 ) 。要注意的是當(dāng)few 和 little用于句中時應(yīng)看作否定句，而a few和 a little用于句中時則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。誤 He spent quite little money on his food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food.析quite a為一固定用法，其意為 十分，相

27、當(dāng)，所以 。quite a few many, quite a littlemuch而 only a little little, only a few=few.誤 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析 some 與 any 都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any 用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時，應(yīng)用some。 其次是some 可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。誤 Please tell me where the shoes shop is?正 Please

28、 tell me where the shoe shop is.析a shoe shop鞋店a fruit shop a book shop水果店a post office郵局a police station a bus stop警察局誤He is weak at physics.正He is weak in physics.析在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時用be good at something,而其反意詞為be bad at something ， 但be weakin something誤 This dictionary is worth to buy.正 This dictionary is

29、worth buying.析 be worth誤 Dont afraid of that.正 Dont be afraid of that.析afraidbe afraid of害怕be careful ofbe certain of有把握，確定be sure ofbe glad of高興 be sick ofbe fond of誤 The work has already been done well.正 The work has already been well done.析 well與 badly作副詞時，表示好壞，如果句子是被動語態(tài)， 則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前，如：This machin

30、ehas been badly damaged.如果句子是主動語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did my homework well.誤 We are yet in the classroom now.正 We are already in the classroom now.析 already主要用于肯定句，而yet 多用于否定句和疑問句中，如：Did you finish it? No. not yet.誤 Look. Here comes he!正 Look! Here he comes!誤 Look! Here the bus comes!正 Look! Here comes the b

31、us!析在句子開頭用Here 時，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。誤She is my older sister.正She is my elder sister.析 elder和 eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系，而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.誤Im tired. I cant go further.正Im tired. I cant go farther.析 far有兩個比較級farther較遠(yuǎn)的，further進(jìn)一步的，如：Do you need any furth

32、erexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個最高級。farthest和 furthest.誤 I went to Beijing University five years before.正 I went to Beijing University five years ago.析 ago 常與過去時連用，而before誤 - Have you finished your homework?- No, not already.正- Have you finished your homework?- No, not yet.析仍然有三個英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already，ye

33、t與still。 要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has alreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中，如：Have you finishedyourhomework yet?而 still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間，如：We still cant decide what to do.但也有時用于be 動詞之后，如：He is still here.誤 He is very higher than I am.正 He is much higher than I am.析 much 可以用來修飾比較級，而very 則用來修飾形容詞原級，如：Im very t

34、ired.誤 - Can I walk to the station?- Youd better not. It is very far.正 - Can I walk to the station?- Youd better not, It is a long way.析 for一般用在疑問句與否定句中，如：How farisitfrom here to the station?又如： Itisntfar.誤 Ive ever been to America.正 Ive been to America once.析 once多用于肯定句， 而 ever 則用于疑問句， 否定句， 及條件狀語從句

35、中，如：Have you ever beento London?誤 - Could you pass the exam this time?- No, I am not afraid so.正 - Could you pass the exam this time?- No, Im afraid not.析在肯定的答語中我們可以用so 來代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you thinkshe isa good student?Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ Im afraid so.但在否定的答語中，英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，I d

36、ont think so而在hope, belive與afraid后則常用not， 如： I hope not.誤 She didnt work enough hard, so she couldnt pass the exam.正 She didnt work hard enough, so she couldnt pass the exam.析enough可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)I have enough money (ormoney enough)to

37、buy this dictionary.注意 enough作為形容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough誤 You cant be very careful.正 You cant be too careful.析此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。tooto 的用法是 太 以至于不能作某事 。但在實際應(yīng)用時也常常將后面的to 省去，如： It is too expensive for me.誤 He is good past fifty.正 He is well past fifty.析 well作為副詞用時除用于 好 之外還有 大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地 ，等

38、意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯He is well.He is good.其實這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法，只不過其含意不同。He is well是 他身體不錯 ，而He is good則為 他是個好人 誤She is not as half clever as her brother.正She is not half as clever as her brother.析在asas結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactlyas誤He is same age as Tom.正He is the same age as Tom.析the sameas是固定的用法，其中定

39、冠詞the誤Mother and her daughter are exactly like.正Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.* like作為介詞，其意為 像 ，應(yīng)用于look like, be like, sound like,其后要加賓語。而alike是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但alike僅作誤 Who is taller of the two?正 Who is the taller of the two?析誤 I have less

40、books than Tom.正 I have fewer books than Tom.析 less是 little的比較級，而fewer 是 few 的比較級。 less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer 后是可數(shù)誤There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.正There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.析誤The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.正The boy sat there as quietly as his

41、 sister.析 as as 的用法要注意的是：在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級，而不可加比較級，也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。 要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞， 這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.誤The harder you study, and you can learn more.正The harder you study, the more you can learn.析 英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法：比較級 +and+比較級。定冠詞較級 ，如： The nights are getting long

42、er and longer 。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要+比加 more，這樣的用法是：more and more加形容詞，如：The girlisgrowingmore and more beautiful.誤 Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.正 Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.析在作比較時，英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動名詞，應(yīng)都用動名詞，用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號 to

43、可以省略。如： To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.誤 The girl is more cleverer than the boy.正 The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.析 clever有兩個比較級： cleverer和 more clever,clever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處，如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時多用more clever,如：He is more cleverthanhonest. (他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實。)析The boy is the tallest to the three.正The boy is the tallest of the three.析最高級的范圍要用of誤 This book is one of the most useful dictionary.正