創(chuàng)業(yè)因素中英文

1、中文版：關(guān)于大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意向狀況調(diào)查與思考摘要：近年來(lái)由于大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的提出與發(fā)展， 開(kāi)辟了我國(guó)高等教育 理論研究的新領(lǐng)域， 促使了高等教育觀念的改革與創(chuàng)新，對(duì)今后人才素 質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)提出了新要求、 新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為了更全面深入地探討大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意 向狀況，提高對(duì)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的針對(duì)性和為我國(guó)及時(shí)有效地開(kāi)展 教育提供現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。本調(diào)查，在全國(guó)各地大學(xué)進(jìn)行取樣調(diào)查，以全日制 在校大三或者大四學(xué)生作為調(diào)查對(duì)象進(jìn)行調(diào)查，其中理工科、 商科學(xué)生 為主，涉及十余個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)。調(diào)查內(nèi)容則是側(cè)重大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)意向、執(zhí)行及 其機(jī)三個(gè)方面。 調(diào)查結(jié)果反映了一下特點(diǎn) : 對(duì)社會(huì)職業(yè)環(huán)境了解有限、 創(chuàng)業(yè)意向比例低、對(duì)職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃缺乏

2、認(rèn)同等。 關(guān)鍵詞：大學(xué)生；創(chuàng)業(yè)意向；狀況調(diào)查；思考在社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下， 黨中央在新時(shí)期創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的新形勢(shì)下，大 力倡導(dǎo)并發(fā)揮對(duì)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的重大措施。 大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的提 出，使得了我國(guó)高等教育觀念有巨大改觀。據(jù)報(bào)道我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力供需關(guān)系 目前處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于供大于求關(guān)系， 因此，為緩解當(dāng)前嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形 式，我國(guó)許多省份把爭(zhēng)先以促進(jìn)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)作為帶動(dòng)就業(yè)的動(dòng)力。 同時(shí)， 我國(guó)政府在鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)方面也出臺(tái)了多項(xiàng)政策， 但大學(xué)生自主 創(chuàng)業(yè)的成功率并不高，所以，很有必要分析大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗的原因，并將探究提高大學(xué)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)成功率的途徑作為當(dāng)今高校和政府的重要 工作。調(diào)查現(xiàn)狀（一）對(duì)社會(huì)的職

3、業(yè)環(huán)境了解不夠 根據(jù)調(diào)查顯示， 其中近一半的大學(xué)生都承認(rèn)自己只了解所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的內(nèi)容， 但是并不了解行業(yè)的就業(yè)前景； 有五分之一左右的學(xué)生對(duì)兩者都不了解， 僅有六分之一左右的學(xué)生能做到對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)與行業(yè)都很了解。同時(shí)，在調(diào)查 過(guò)程中僅有不足十五分之一的人認(rèn)為自己對(duì)以后的職業(yè)情況和要求很 了解，其余人均處于搖擺不定的朦朧狀態(tài)。在選擇就業(yè)的大學(xué)生中，有 三分之一以上的人所看中的是要所選職業(yè)對(duì)他以后有較大的發(fā)展空間， 四分之一以上的人相中的是穩(wěn)定而有固定保障的職業(yè)， 看中其豐厚薪水 的僅有不足四分之一。 而至于那些對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)家對(duì)大學(xué)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)等方面 政策和發(fā)展情況關(guān)注卻很少只有十分之一左右。（二）當(dāng)今大學(xué)生的有

4、創(chuàng)業(yè)意向的比例低 從被調(diào)查大學(xué)生的多向選擇數(shù)據(jù)可以得出 : 選擇就業(yè)的占一多半，繼續(xù) 深造如考公務(wù)員或者考研的占到不足四成， 選擇畢業(yè)后去創(chuàng)業(yè)的大學(xué)生 只占不到兩成，還有對(duì)于那些畢業(yè)后選擇出國(guó)留學(xué)、選調(diào)生、服務(wù)西部 計(jì)劃、參軍等加起來(lái)都沒(méi)有十分之一。 其中大多數(shù)的大學(xué)生青睞那些相 對(duì)安穩(wěn)的工作崗位如：學(xué)校、政府機(jī)關(guān)企業(yè)等。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，選擇自主創(chuàng) 業(yè)的大學(xué)生中有十分之一左右的學(xué)生是為了挑戰(zhàn)極限、 超越自我、 實(shí)現(xiàn) 多年來(lái)的夢(mèng)想而萌發(fā)創(chuàng)業(yè)之情的，相比一下，為了公益性、社會(huì)性的原 因而創(chuàng)業(yè)的學(xué)生少之又少，僅有百分之一。（三）有些大學(xué)生對(duì)自己的職業(yè)生涯的規(guī)劃缺乏認(rèn)同根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，有一多半的大學(xué)生對(duì)自

5、己的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃還停留在 初始的設(shè)計(jì)階段，還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)入社會(huì)實(shí)踐。對(duì)于自己的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃， 四成的大學(xué)生是根據(jù)自身特長(zhǎng)，興趣愛(ài)好等去規(guī)劃，從自身專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)展與 社會(huì)需求出發(fā)來(lái)規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯是更多大學(xué)生的選擇。其中，關(guān)于大學(xué)生 的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)或職業(yè)理念， 有三分之一是來(lái)自父母或身邊 親人的意見(jiàn)，一多半大學(xué)生是從自身的條件和能力出發(fā)，其余的對(duì)與自 身職業(yè)未來(lái)沒(méi)有具體規(guī)劃，只有隨遇而安。而在進(jìn)行職業(yè)生涯的規(guī)劃過(guò) 程中，多數(shù)大學(xué)生根本不知道如何準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)清自己的實(shí)力水平，有近四成的大學(xué)生在進(jìn)行職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃時(shí)沒(méi)能得到專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的指導(dǎo)或培訓(xùn)，有三分之一的大學(xué)生卻對(duì)相關(guān)方面的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐沒(méi)有充分注意，相比之下，在

6、 做職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃時(shí)以國(guó)家社會(huì)發(fā)展的方向和人民的利益為依據(jù)的大學(xué) 生僅是少數(shù)人，四成的大學(xué)生是以實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的夢(mèng)想，能讓自己以后生活 更好等才是創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)。據(jù)報(bào)道，當(dāng)前大學(xué)生的自主創(chuàng)業(yè)人數(shù)在西方發(fā)達(dá) 國(guó)家中平均占兩到三成，但是、在我國(guó)卻還遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到大學(xué)畢業(yè)生總數(shù)的 千分之一。二、調(diào)查結(jié)果分析根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，當(dāng)前我國(guó)占大多數(shù)的大學(xué)生對(duì)自主創(chuàng)業(yè)并不關(guān) 心，而其中部分大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)在很大程度上受限于他們對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)缺乏 足夠的認(rèn)識(shí)，受限于自身的期望和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的落差突與矛盾。他們中很多依賴(lài)長(zhǎng)輩、親朋好友的同時(shí)過(guò)分高估自己實(shí)力， 接受信息不夠主 動(dòng)，對(duì)社會(huì)變動(dòng)了解甚少，同時(shí)缺乏社會(huì)公益事業(yè)關(guān)注的意識(shí)。這種對(duì)外界

7、漠不關(guān)心的態(tài)度與自身有限的知識(shí)通常會(huì)內(nèi)化成為一種對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的阻抗心態(tài)，并外化為一種消極的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情，從而還會(huì)對(duì)他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神、 創(chuàng)業(yè)效率等產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響。主要從以下幾方面體現(xiàn)出來(lái)：（一）學(xué)校、社會(huì)沒(méi)能很好給大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)業(yè)氛圍一直以來(lái)，我國(guó)絕大多數(shù)的高校并未將創(chuàng)業(yè)教育列入各學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)的教育 體系中，就算有也只是作為就業(yè)指導(dǎo)課程的一項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容，其實(shí)，很多 學(xué)校進(jìn)行的各項(xiàng)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)不僅沒(méi)有達(dá)到激勵(lì)學(xué)生去自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的效果，有些還會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)生產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，扼殺他們創(chuàng)業(yè)的激情。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)， 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的突飛猛進(jìn)已使許多陳舊的創(chuàng)業(yè)觀念受到?jīng)_擊，并出臺(tái)了相關(guān)創(chuàng)業(yè)的激勵(lì)政策，但是，由于我國(guó)人民在數(shù)千年來(lái)的農(nóng)耕文化的影 響下

8、，使人們滿足于小富小康的生活， 并且重農(nóng)輕商思想仍嚴(yán)重影響現(xiàn) 代人的生活觀念，對(duì)于安穩(wěn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小、投資小、見(jiàn)效快的的創(chuàng)業(yè)觀念 仍然是廣大家長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)所推崇的。（二）國(guó)家相關(guān)政策服務(wù)保障不足雖然這些年來(lái)政府積極提倡大學(xué)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，但是，大學(xué)生真正的創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐中往往會(huì)遇到許許多多現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，如政策阻礙、融資困難、社 會(huì)服務(wù)不周等。目前我國(guó)還沒(méi)出臺(tái)一套完整的扶植和激勵(lì)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的 社會(huì)服務(wù)體系，僅僅靠中央所發(fā)布的文件和那些差異巨大的地方性政策 難以將大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱度提高到一個(gè)層次上去。此外，社會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)生創(chuàng) 業(yè)的社會(huì)保障體系還沒(méi)形成，使得經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是大學(xué)生進(jìn)行自主創(chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)必 須考慮的因素。相比教師、公務(wù)員等崗位的

9、人所享有的優(yōu)厚而穩(wěn)定的福 利，大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)所存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒(méi)人能預(yù)測(cè)到，很有可能使本已夠潦倒的大 學(xué)生的生活捉襟見(jiàn)肘。所以，不能責(zé)怪當(dāng)今大學(xué)生的拜金主義，也不能 對(duì)大學(xué)生缺乏創(chuàng)業(yè)激情橫加指責(zé)。 因?yàn)椋覈?guó)目前尚未完善的社會(huì)保障 體系使得大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高。（三）大學(xué)生所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)與社會(huì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)脫節(jié)從目前看來(lái)， 傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)和低端的加工制造業(yè)在我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中還占據(jù) 著相當(dāng)重的比例， 我國(guó)大多數(shù)的企業(yè)基本處于世界產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的低端環(huán)節(jié)。 使得我國(guó)在培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生時(shí)，大多數(shù)以面向加工制造業(yè)為主，然而，對(duì)于 產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、原材料的采購(gòu)、訂單處理、批發(fā)經(jīng)營(yíng)、終端零售等環(huán)節(jié) 卻在我國(guó)一直處于被忽略的地位。 仍受世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)陰影

10、所籠罩的今天， 我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意向狀況在當(dāng)今以制造業(yè)為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈面前呈現(xiàn)出不 理想局面，找不到合適自己的項(xiàng)目來(lái)開(kāi)創(chuàng)事業(yè)。就算是那些能夠找到合 適自己項(xiàng)目的， 都會(huì)因?yàn)楫?dāng)前社會(huì)環(huán)境中缺乏相應(yīng)的服務(wù)管理體系難以 繼續(xù)下去，這樣的現(xiàn)象還將會(huì)使得有創(chuàng)業(yè)意向的大學(xué)生者望而卻步（四）許多大學(xué)生缺乏對(duì)自己職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃 大學(xué)生對(duì)自己以后職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃大程度上能夠幫助自己科學(xué)定位、 優(yōu)化 目標(biāo)以及實(shí)行創(chuàng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。大學(xué)生職業(yè)生涯的規(guī)劃，必須要對(duì)自我的定 位有所了解以及探清外部的職業(yè)環(huán)境。 目前， 全國(guó)只有少數(shù)學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)了 職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃教育課程， 有限的就業(yè)指導(dǎo)并不能使大學(xué)生系統(tǒng)的理論學(xué) 習(xí)職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃體系，對(duì)于實(shí)踐運(yùn)

11、用更是天方夜譚。大學(xué)生無(wú)法通過(guò)有 效途徑來(lái)增加創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn) ; 無(wú)法了解外部社會(huì)的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，不能對(duì)自 己的學(xué)習(xí)有的放矢，有針對(duì)性。大學(xué)生對(duì)自己職業(yè)規(guī)劃的迷茫，對(duì)職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的缺乏使得他們難以擺脫現(xiàn)代就業(yè)常規(guī)，沒(méi)膽量做出創(chuàng)業(yè)抉 擇。三、調(diào)查反思前些年所開(kāi)展的國(guó)際職業(yè)教育大會(huì)指出，在 21 世紀(jì)中全球有將近 50% 的大學(xué)生會(huì)選擇自主創(chuàng)業(yè)之路。創(chuàng)業(yè)教育，應(yīng)該既要教會(huì)學(xué)生大學(xué)生如 何走創(chuàng)新之道與培養(yǎng)自己的創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐能力還要使創(chuàng)業(yè)教育能夠?yàn)榇髮W(xué) 生傳達(dá)一種創(chuàng)新精神。 現(xiàn)在從以下幾方面對(duì)當(dāng)前大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意向進(jìn)行反 思：（一）大學(xué)生要積極儲(chǔ)備創(chuàng)業(yè)基本知識(shí)大學(xué)生要?jiǎng)?chuàng)業(yè)就必須儲(chǔ)備社會(huì)各種知識(shí)， 其中包括法律、 市

12、場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo) 稅務(wù)、企業(yè)管理等，因?yàn)檫@不僅是反映創(chuàng)業(yè)者本人所掌握的知識(shí)程度， 更是創(chuàng)業(yè)中團(tuán)體協(xié)作意識(shí)、創(chuàng)新能力、交際能力等的綜合運(yùn)用。大學(xué)階 段，正是每個(gè)大學(xué)生 創(chuàng)業(yè)能力實(shí)踐與創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展方向培養(yǎng)的最佳時(shí)期。 所以，高校應(yīng)該積極建立并健全創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系，善于給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)條件， 營(yíng)造創(chuàng)業(yè)氣氛氛圍，最好能把把有意向創(chuàng)業(yè)的學(xué) 生組織起來(lái)一起培訓(xùn)并分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 這樣不但可以為他們提供系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)業(yè) 理論知識(shí)培訓(xùn)。如創(chuàng)業(yè)課程的研究，并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的創(chuàng)業(yè)必修課程；還能 夠使他們?cè)鰪?qiáng)創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐能力， 提高創(chuàng)業(yè)成功率。如學(xué)校在周末多舉辦創(chuàng) 業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽活動(dòng)等，引導(dǎo)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)意向。（二）大學(xué)生應(yīng)該親身實(shí)踐，提高創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐能力創(chuàng)往往需要大學(xué)

13、生在有創(chuàng)業(yè)意向之后， 積極地加入到社會(huì)實(shí)踐中去為自 己以后的創(chuàng)業(yè)打下基礎(chǔ)。 大學(xué)生可以在創(chuàng)業(yè)前模仿并學(xué)習(xí)以下幾種目前 較為成熟的創(chuàng)業(yè)模式：創(chuàng)業(yè)教育模式、創(chuàng)業(yè)教育 +創(chuàng)業(yè)資金 +創(chuàng)新基地模式、創(chuàng)業(yè)教育 +創(chuàng)業(yè)資金模式，從中吸取精華并提高自己的創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐能 力。還可以通過(guò)校方安排的暑期社會(huì)實(shí)踐或者專(zhuān)業(yè)課的實(shí)習(xí)活動(dòng)等社會(huì) 實(shí)踐提升自己的實(shí)際操作能力。這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小、成本低的項(xiàng)目，能夠很有 效地讓大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意識(shí)，積累創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（三）各高校要努力培育大學(xué)生的企業(yè)家精神 所謂企業(yè)家精神，是冒險(xiǎn)精神、創(chuàng)業(yè)精神、創(chuàng)新精神和寬容精神的綜 合體現(xiàn)， 對(duì)于各種行業(yè)的人群同樣適用。 富有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的人他們所擁有 的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱

14、情和創(chuàng)業(yè)能力所體現(xiàn)的往往是對(duì)某種資源或行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)， 對(duì)于 當(dāng)今大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)創(chuàng)業(yè)是一個(gè)比較新穎卻富有挑戰(zhàn)性的話題因?yàn)槠渲胁?乏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn)。因此，若沒(méi)有一種富有創(chuàng)業(yè)的企業(yè)家精神指引，大學(xué)生 很難在創(chuàng)業(yè)過(guò)程中一帆風(fēng)順， 即使有些大學(xué)生有幸創(chuàng)業(yè)初見(jiàn)成效， 但也 很難將眼前的事業(yè)繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去。作為新知識(shí)、新文化傳播地的高校， 要想讓其大學(xué)生在今后人生道路的創(chuàng)業(yè)中能長(zhǎng)久發(fā)展下去， 就必先從培 養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的“企業(yè)家精神”著手，使其能在創(chuàng)業(yè)前具有一定的指導(dǎo)理論。 同時(shí)，高校更應(yīng)大力倡導(dǎo)“企業(yè)家精神”，使大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)教育能夠在全 國(guó)范圍內(nèi)普及。英文版：Stude nts En trepre neurial Inten

15、 ti ons Survey andReflecti onAbstract: En terprise Educati on for Stude nts and developme nt in recent years hasope ned up new areas of theoretical study of higher educati on in China to promotethe con cept of higher educati on reform and inno vati on, new dema nds on thequality of tale nt cultivati

16、 on in the future, the new sta ndard in order to moreexplore the depth entrepreneurial intention status of college students, to improvethe releva nee of en trepre neurship educati on on college stude nts and for ourtimely and effective educati on to provide a realistic basis. survey sample surveyacr

17、oss the country University to full-time in school junior or four students toin vestigate the survey, in clud ing scie nce and engin eeri ng and bus in ess stude ntsmain ly in volved in more tha n 10 professi on al, a survey is focused on collegestudents entrepreneurial intention, execution and the m

18、achine in three aspects.The survey results reflect the followi ng characteristics: social and professi onalenvironment to understand the limited proportion of entrepreneurial intention,agree that the lack of career pla nning.Keywords: College Stude nts, En trepre neurial Inten ti ons Survey,Thi nki

19、ngIn the con text of the socialist market economy, the CPC Cen tral Committee,under the new situation of the new era of entrepreneurship, and vigorously1advocated and play a sig ni fica nt measure of en trepre neurship educati on oncollege stude nts. En terprise Educati on for Stude nts proposed the

20、 con cept ofChinas higher education have a huge difference, according to reported thatChin as labor supply and dema nd relati on ship is and will be a long period ofoversupply relati ons, in order to alleviate the curre nt severe forms of employme nt,many of our prov inces rushed to promote college

21、stude nts ven ture as a driv ingforce to stimulate employme nt. Mean while, the gover nment en courage collegestude nts to in depe ndent the importa nce of the way to en trepre neurship has alsoin troduced a nu mber of policies, but the success rate of college stude nts starttheir own bus in esses i

22、s not high, so very n ecessary to an alyze the stude nts thereas ons for bus in ess failure, and explore to improve college stude nts start theirown bus in ess success rate as todays colleges and uni versities and gover nmentjob.Survey The Status Quo(Occupati onal En vir onment Of A Society Do Not K

23、now Eno ughAccording to the survey, nearly half of college students admit that they onlyun dersta nd the content of the professi on al, but do not un dersta nd theemployment prospects of the industry, about one fifth of students neitherunderstand, only one sixth so students can do on professional an

24、d industry areaware of. the same time, in less than one fifteenth of people that own futurecareer and requireme nts are to un dersta nd the course of the in vestigati on, andthe remaining per capita in the hazy state of wavering . Choice of employment, college stude nts, more tha n one third of the

25、fancy to the selected career after him more room for developme nt, more tha n a quarter of the phase stability and protection occupation, Chinese and only less than a quarter of its lucrative salary. As for those on the curre nt state policy and the developme nt of college stude nts own bus in esses

26、 concern rarely only about one ten th.(B Proporti on Of Todays College Stude nts With An En trepre neurialBentCan be drawn from the college students surveyed, to select the data: the choice of employment accounted for more than half of further studies to account for less than 40% of the civil servic

27、e exam or Entrance Exam in ati on, select to go into bus in ess after graduati on, only less tha n two perce nt of college stude nts, as well as for select who graduated abroad, tran sferri ng stude nts, service in the wester n regi on, to join the army did not add up to one tenth of which the major

28、ity of stude nts favor those relatively secure jobs, such as: schools, gover nment age ncies en terprises. Statistics show that, select the in depe ndent stude nts are about one tenth of the stude nts of en trepre neurship and germ in ati on of the feeli ng of entrepreneurship in order to challenge

29、the limits, beyond the self, the dream for many years, compared to, for the reasons of public welfare, social en trepre neurship fewer stude nts but also less, only one perce nt.(C Some Of The Stude nts Lack Of Recog ni tion Of Their Own CareerPla nningAccord ing to the survey, half of college stude

30、 nts on career pla nning to stay in the in itial desig n stage, not ready to en ter the social practice for their own career pla nning, 40 perce nt of college stude nts accord ing to their stre ngths, in terests and hobbies to pla nning, career pla nning is a choice of more stude nts start ing|from

31、their own professional development needs of the community in which stude nts career pla nning guida nee or vocati onal philosophy, on e-third from the pare nts or close relatives comme nts, mostly college stude nts from starti ng their own conditions and capabilities, the rest of the right and the f

32、uture of their own career, there is no specific plan, and only go with the flow during the career planning process, the majority of students do not know how to accurately recognize their own strengths , nearly forty percent of college students during career pla nning did not get the professi onal gu

33、ida nee or training, releva nt aspects of the study and practice of on e-third of college stude nts but the n did not pay full atte nti on, compared to doing career pla nning whe n the direct ion of the n ati onal social developme nt and peoples in terests as the basis for college stude nts is only

34、a small nu mber of people, 40% of college stude nts is to achieve our in dividual|dreams, is the entrepreneurial motivation to make their own later in life better, etc. It is reported that college stude nts the nu mber of their own bus in esses in the Wester n developed coun tries acco un ted for an

35、 average of two to three perce nt, however, still far less than one-thousandth of the total number of university graduates in China.Second, The FindingsAccording to the survey results shows that the current China accounted for most college stude nts do not care about their own bus in esses, some of

36、which stude nts en trepre neurial motivati on is largely limited in their lack of un dersta nding of the entrepreneurial, subject to their own expectations and social reality. the gap betwee n con flict and con tradicti ons. many of them rely on their elders, frie nds and family while overestimated

37、their own stre ngth, not active eno ugh to receive information, little is known about the social changes, while a lack of awareness of social welfare un dertak ings concern such in differe nee to the outside world attitudes and their own limited kno wledge usually intern alized into the impedance of

38、 an entrepreneurial mindset, and outside as a negative entrepreneurial enthusiasm, which will have serious implications for their pion eeri ng spirit, en trepre neurial efficie ncy.Reflected Main ly The Follow ing Aspects:(A School, Could Not Very Well To The Stude nts Create A Busi nessAtmosphereAl

39、l along, the vast majority of our colleges and universities did not include entrepreneurship education in all disciplines of professional education system, eve n if only as a career guida nee course a compleme nt, in fact, many schools the practice is not only effect, and also to motivate students t

40、o start their own bus in esses have a n egative impact on college stude nts, to stifle their en trepre neurial passi on. Since the reform and ope ning up, Chin as econo mic developme nt by leaps and bounds un der attack have caused many of the old con cept of en trepre neurship, and in troduced a re

41、lated en trepre neurial incen tive policy, but, due to our people un der the in flue nce of the farming culture for several thousand years, so that people meet in small rich well-off life, and the idea of heavy agricultural and light industry remains a serious impact on the modern con cept of life,

42、for a stable, risk is small, small in vestme nt, quick con cept of entrepreneurship is still respected by the majority of parents and the community.(Two Releva nt Nati onal Policies And Services In adequate Protect ionThese years the Gover nment will actively advocate of college stude nts start thei

43、r own bus in esses, but the real bus in ess practice Stude nts ofte n encoun ter many practical problems, such as policies that hinder the financing difficulties, social service has bee n poor. At prese nt, China has not in troduced a complete set of the social service system to nurture and motivate

44、 the en trepre neurship of college stude nts, just difficult to rely on the docume nts released by the cen tral gover nment and those huge differe nce in local policies and en trepre neurial heat of uni versity stude nts in creased to the n ext level up. In additi on, the social security system of s

45、ocial en trepre neurship of college stude nts have not formed , making the economic factors must be considered when college stude nts start their own bus in esses. enjo yed a favorable and stable welfare compared to the status of teachers, civil serva nts and other people, college stude nts bus in e

46、ss there is a risk no one can predict, is likely to have dow n eno ugh stude nts livi ng in straite ned circumsta nces. can not blame todays college stude nts money worship, nor the stude nts lack of en trepre neurial passi on un warra nted charges, because China has yet to perfect the social securi

47、ty system makes college stude nts ven ture too risky.(Three College Stude nts Lear n The Professi onal And In dustrialStructure Out Of LineFrom now, the traditional agricultural and low-end processing and manu facturi ng in Chi nas in dustrial structure occupies a very heavy proporti on of the major

48、ity of our en terprises are basically at the low end of the world in dustrial chain link. Our College Students majority-oriented processing and manufacturing,however, for product development and design, raw material purchasing, orderprocess ing, wholesale bus in ess, retail term in als, and other as

49、pects of our countryhas bee n in the status of being ignored still un der the shadow of the worldeconomic crisis enveloped the showing the front of the college students ofentrepreneurial intention condition in todays manufacturing industry chain isnot an ideal situati on, can not find the right proj

50、ect to develop a bus in ess, eve nthose who will be able to find a suitable project because the current socialen viro nment lack of appropriate service man ageme nt system is difficult tocontinue, this phenomenon will be making the entrepreneurial intention of uni versity stude nts discouraged(D Man

51、y College Stude nts Lack Their Own Career Pla nningCollege stude nts can help their future career pla nning large exte nt their own scientific orientation, optimization goals and the implementation of the developme nt of en trepre neurial college stude nts career pla nning, self-positi oning must un

52、 dersta nd and explore the clear outside the occupati onal en viro nment. Prese nt, Only a few schools have ope ned career pla nning educati on programs, limited employment guidance does not make the theory of the system of college stude nts lear ning a career pla nning system, is a fan tasy for pra

53、ctical applicati on. Stude nts can not be an effective way to in crease bus in ess practice experie nce; can n ot un dersta nd exter nal social en trepre neurial en viro nment can n ot be targeted for their own lear ning, targeted stude nts on the con fusi on of their own career pla nnin g, lack of

54、career pla nning makes it difficult for them to get rid of the moder n employme nt practice, cowards to make en trepre neurship a choice.Third, The In vestigati on Reflect onIntern ati onal Vocati onal Educati on Conference in previous years to carry out that n early 50% of the stude nts will choose

55、 the road of their own bus in esses in the 21st cen tury global en trepre neurship educati on should not only to teach stude nts to college stude nts how to take the road of inno vati on and develop their own entrepreneurial practice ability but also to convey a spirit of innovation en trepre neursh

56、ip educati on for college stude nts from the followi ng aspects to reflect on the current college students of entrepreneurial intention:(A College Stude nts To Active Reserve Basic En trepre neurial Kno wledgeStude nts to start we must reserve all social kno wledge, in clud ing legal, marketi ng, ta

57、xati on, bus in ess man ageme nt, because not only reflect the exte nt of the en trepre neurs kno wledge, but also groups of en trepre neurs in the sense of coord in ati on, inno vati on, in terpers onal skills in tegrated use. the best period of university level, is the entrepreneurial capacity of

58、each college students practice and en trepre neurship developme nt directi on of training, so colleges and uni versities should actively establish and sound en trepre neurship educati on system, to create con diti ons for good stude nts, to create the en trepre neurial atmosphere atmosphere, the mos

59、t good to be able to inten ti on to bus in ess school . Health Orga ni zati on together with the training and share experie nces.This will n ot only provide them with the en trepre neurial theory ofkno wledge training, such as the study of en trepre neurship courses and set corresp onding en trepre neuri