比較級(jí)最高級(jí)總結(jié)與練習(xí)

1、一、概說英語(yǔ)中的形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和高最級(jí)。比較級(jí)主要用于兩者比較，最高級(jí)主要用于多者比較。二、比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成1.通過加后綴-er和-est構(gòu)成。單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞通過加后綴-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)tall（高）tallertallestquiet（安靜的）quieterquietestIearly（早）earlierearliest注：stupid , often, seldom）可以有兩種方式構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)級(jí)clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most cleveroften more of

2、ten / oftener most often / oftenest 。 等。（2）某些帶有否定前綴un-的三音節(jié)詞（如uncommon, unhappy, unpleasant, untidy 等）可以用兩種比較級(jí)形式：unhappy unhappier / more unhappy unhappiest / most unhappy。三、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化1.常見的不規(guī)則形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)good（好的）betterbestwell（好，健康的）betterbestbad（壞的）worseworstbadly（壞地，惡劣地）worseworstill

3、（有病的）worseworstmuch(多)moremostmany(多)moremostlittle(少)lessleastfar(遠(yuǎn))farther / furtherfarthest / furthest注：包含 good, well, bad, ill的復(fù)合詞形容詞(如 good-looking, well-known, well-built, bad-tempered等),通常將good, well, bad, ill 改為比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，不過也可用 more和most的形式：good-look ing better-look ing / more good-look ing bes

4、t-look ing / most good-look ing。2. farther, further 與 farthest, furthest的用法區(qū)別(1) 表示距離時(shí)，四個(gè)詞都可用：I can throw much farther further than you.我可以比你扔得更遠(yuǎn) 。(2) 若用于引申義，表示更進(jìn)一步”、此外”等義，則只能用further :We ll further discuss it.我們會(huì)進(jìn)一步討論它 。Are there any further questions?還有問題嗎 ?(3) further可用作動(dòng)詞，意為增進(jìn)”、推進(jìn)”等(其他幾個(gè)詞一般不這樣用)

5、：His support furthered my career.他的支持促進(jìn)了我的事業(yè)。3. elder, eldest & older, oldest 的用法區(qū)別(1) old 通常的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是older, oldest ?？捎糜谌嘶蛭?，可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，可與than連用： (two years ) older than he. 我比他大 (兩歲)。The cathedral is the oldest buildi ng in the city.這座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。(2) elder與eldest主要用于家人之間表明長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系。通常只用于人而不用于物，只用作定語(yǔ)而不用作表

6、語(yǔ)，也不與than連用：This is my eldest son (daughter).這是我的大兒子(女)。His elder brother (sister) works in a clothing factory.他哥哥(姐姐)在一家服裝廠工作 。注：在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也可用older, oldest表示長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系：older brother 哥哥(3) elder 與eldest的區(qū)別是：前者指兩者中年紀(jì)較大的，而后者指三者或三者以上的年紀(jì)最大的。如：one s elder son指兩個(gè)兒子中年紀(jì)較大的一個(gè)，one s eldest son指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的兒子中年紀(jì)最大的一個(gè)(4) eld

7、er和eldest作為形容詞，通常只能用作定語(yǔ)，不用作表語(yǔ)；但若不是用作形容詞(即其后不接名詞)而是用作名詞，則可以用作表語(yǔ)(此時(shí)通常有冠詞或物主代詞修飾)：I m the eldest in the family. 我是全家年紀(jì)最大的 。He was the elder of the two sons.他是兩個(gè)兒子中較大的。四、使用比較等級(jí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)1. 使用比較等級(jí)的基本原則。不作比較用原級(jí)，兩者比較用比較級(jí)，多者比較用最高級(jí)：He is very tall.他很高。(盡管 很高”，但沒有比較，故用原級(jí))He is very short, but taller than me.他很矮，但

8、比我高。Among the three short girls, Mary is the tallest.在這三個(gè)矮姑娘中，瑪麗是最高的。2. 不能使用雙重比較等級(jí)。即構(gòu)成比較級(jí)時(shí)不能既加詞尾-er,又在其前加 more ;構(gòu)成最高級(jí)時(shí)不能既在詞尾加-est，又在其前加 most，如不能說 more better, most earliest 等。不過比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)這樣的形式卻 完全可用：I am getting fatter and fatter.我越來越胖了 。We re going more and more slowly.我們?cè)阶咴铰?。3. 使用比較等級(jí)要注意合乎邏輯。請(qǐng)看

9、兩組正誤句：(1) 我的電腦比她的貴。誤: My computer is more expensive than her正： My computer is more expe nsive tha n hers.析：從邏輯上說，應(yīng)該是 my computer 與 her computer 作比較，而不是 my computer 與 her 比較。上面 正句中的 hers=her computer 。(2) 上海人口比中國(guó)其他城市的人口要多。誤:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.正:The pop

10、ulation of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.析：從邏輯上說，Shanghai在China范圍內(nèi)，或者說 Shanghai也是China范圍內(nèi)的一個(gè)城市，若不用 other，則句意為 上海的人口比中國(guó)任何城市的人口都多”，4. 本身已含有比較意味的詞語(yǔ)通常不用于比較級(jí)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?茶和咖啡，你更喜歡哪樣？She is junior to me.她比我年紀(jì)小。5.比較級(jí)前冠詞使用規(guī)律。比較級(jí)前通常不用冠詞，但有時(shí)也用，這主要見于以下情形口)當(dāng)比較級(jí)后接名

11、詞時(shí)，比較級(jí)前可能用冠詞,此時(shí)的冠詞不是修飾比較級(jí)，而是修飾其后的名詞：Which is the larger coun try, Can ada or Australia?中國(guó)和澳大利亞，哪個(gè)國(guó)家更大？(2)當(dāng)要特指兩者中較(更)時(shí)，比較級(jí)前通常要帶定冠詞，此時(shí)可視為比較級(jí)后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one ,即定冠詞實(shí)為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one :This dictionary is the more useful of the two.在兩本詞典中,這本更有用。(3)在比較級(jí)前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或條件的短語(yǔ)或從句)：feel the better for my wal

12、k.散了一下步我覺得舒服多了。love him all the more for because of his faults.正因?yàn)樗@些缺點(diǎn)，所以我越發(fā)愛他。用于“ the比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)，表示越來越：The sooner, the better.越快越好 。The more dan gerous it is, the more I like it.事情越是危險(xiǎn)我越喜歡 。當(dāng)by far用于修飾比較級(jí)且置于其前時(shí)，比較級(jí)前要用the :He s by far the cleverer student.他是個(gè)聰明得多的孩子。It s by far the quicker to go by

13、 train.乘火車要快得多。注：by far若用于比較級(jí)后，則通常不用the : |It s quicker by far to go by train.乘火車要快得多 。6.最高級(jí)前冠詞使用規(guī)律(1)在形容詞最高級(jí)前通常有the :This is the best room in the hotel.這是這個(gè)賓館里最好的房間。(2) 當(dāng)最高級(jí)形容詞用作表語(yǔ)(尤其是當(dāng)在which后)且不帶比較范圍時(shí)，the有時(shí)(尤其是非正式場(chǎng)合)可以省 略：This dictionary is (the) best.這本詞典最好。但是，當(dāng)處于表語(yǔ)位置的最高級(jí)帶有比較范圍或帶有限定性修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前的the通常

14、不能省去：This dictio nary is the best I could find.這是我能找到的最好的詞典 。(3) 當(dāng)要對(duì)同一個(gè)人或事物在不同情況下進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，處于表語(yǔ)位置的最高級(jí)形容詞前不能加the :Vegetables are best whe n they are fresh.蔬菜新鮮時(shí)最好吃 。比較：He s busiest on Sun day.他星期天最忙。(他與自己平時(shí)比)He s the busiest of all the people.在所有人當(dāng)中他最忙 。(他與別人比)(4) 在副詞最高級(jí)前可用the，也可省略：Among them, he studies

15、 (the) hardest.在他們當(dāng)中，他學(xué)習(xí)最刻苦。(5) 與形容詞的最高級(jí)一樣，當(dāng)要對(duì)同一個(gè)人或事物在不同情況下進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，副詞最高級(jí)前也不能加the :She works hardest whe n she s doing someth ing for her fan她她為自己家干活時(shí)最賣力。比較：Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest.在所有工人中，他干活最賣力。7. than后的省略。(1) 若than所連接的兩個(gè)待比較的句子有相同成分，通常有所省略，女口說 He is much taller than I (am).而不能說 He i

16、s much taller than I am tall.但是，若所連接的兩個(gè)待比較的句子沒有相同成分，則不能省略，否則意思會(huì)有所變化。比較：He swims faster than I run.他游泳比我跑步還快 。He swims faster than I.他游泳比我(游泳)快。(2) 有時(shí)用于類似以下這樣的省略句：Don t eat more than is good for you.不要吃得過量 。More food is wasted than is eate n in this can tee n.在這個(gè)食堂里浪費(fèi)的食品比吃掉的還多。Some of the stories wer

17、e really more tha n could be believed.有些故事實(shí)在認(rèn)人難以相信 。More people own houses these days tha n used to years ago.與幾年前相比，目前有更多的人自己有房子。為了便于理解，可以認(rèn)為這類省略句的 than后省略了 what(但實(shí)際上這個(gè) what通常不宜補(bǔ)上，除非在英國(guó)某 些方言里)，但也有人認(rèn)為在一些類似情況下than有點(diǎn)像關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)類似于定語(yǔ)從句的句子 (但又不完全像定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)其前沒有先行詞)，這類省略句通常不能補(bǔ)上所缺的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(因?yàn)閠han就充當(dāng)了主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ))。另外，還

18、有以下這樣的省略形式(即不僅省略了主語(yǔ)，而且省略了助動(dòng)詞)：He returned three days earlier than expected.(=than he was expected.)他比所預(yù)料的早回三天。8. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見修飾語(yǔ)(1) 比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)有 far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any,no, very much 等：This is very much better.這個(gè)好得多 。Japa nese is much far more difficult

19、 tha n En glish.日語(yǔ)比英語(yǔ)難多了 。He kn ew a great deal more than I did.他所了解的比我了解的多得多 。He works hard, but she works still harder harder still.他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。1. 當(dāng)A B時(shí)，用 比較級(jí)+ than +比較對(duì)象”來表示。如：My room is smaller than yours.我的房間比你的小。注意：一般來說，比較對(duì)象為人稱代詞時(shí)，用主格或賓格均可。但是，當(dāng)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng) 詞時(shí)，人稱代詞用主格或賓格意義不同。女口：I like you bet

20、ter than he (likes you).我比他更喜歡你。I like you better than (he likes) him.我喜歡你勝過喜歡他。2. 用A B ，表示最高級(jí)(1)直接使用比較級(jí) How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard a better voice.=She has the best voice rve ever heard.她唱得多好?。∵@是我聽到的最美的歌喉 I have never read a more interesting novel.=It is the most in terest ing novel rv

21、e ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說。(2) 比較級(jí) + than + the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí) + tha n + the rest of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí) + tha n+ any of the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí) + tha n+ any other + 單數(shù)名詞(比較雙方屬于同一類別或同一范圍內(nèi)。即表示 同一范圍內(nèi)的一者比其他的更 ”) 比較級(jí)+ than + any +單數(shù)名詞(比較雙方不屬于同一類別或同一范圍內(nèi)。即表示 不同范圍內(nèi)的一者比其他任何一者都 更”)。 She goes to school earlierthan the other gi

22、rls.她比其他女孩早上學(xué)。 He works harder than any other student.她學(xué)習(xí)最用功。 China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中國(guó)是亞洲最大的國(guó)家Shan ghai is larger tha n any city in Africa。(3) 比較級(jí) + than + anything/anyone else George did more workthan anyone else.喬治干活最多。 Tom cared more for money than for anything e

23、lse湯姆最喜歡錢。(4) 在比較句型中使用 n o, no body, no thi ng等詞。 I like nothing better than swimming.我最喜歡游泳。 Nobody can do the work better than he did.這項(xiàng)工作他做得最出色。 No other building is as gran d as the new hotel.新建的賓館是當(dāng)?shù)刈詈廊A的。,切記不可(5) 在使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)須要注意：使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)同一范疇中最高級(jí)含義時(shí) 出現(xiàn)自身比較錯(cuò)誤。如下面的翻譯句子：中國(guó)是所有亞洲國(guó)家中最大的一個(gè)。如果譯為： China is

24、 larger than all the countries in Asia.( x) China is larger than any country in Asia.( x)應(yīng)譯為： China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia. China is larger than the others in Asia. China is larger than any of the others in Asia.4. 當(dāng)A = B 時(shí)，用

25、“ as +原級(jí)+ as +比較對(duì)象”來表示。如：She is as tall as me 。她與我一樣高。He gets up as early as his parents.他起床與他父母起得一樣早。5. 當(dāng)A B 時(shí)，用“ not so /as +原級(jí)+ as +比較對(duì)象”來表示。如：I m not as so lucky as you.我不像你那么幸運(yùn)。He doesn t study as so hard as Mary. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如瑪麗努力。6. 當(dāng)A =數(shù)字x B時(shí)，用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來表示： 用 數(shù)字+ times + as + 原級(jí)+ as +比較對(duì)象”來表示。女口：Their ho

26、use is about three times as big as ours.他們的房子大約有我們房子三倍大如：Your office is three times the size of ours.你的辦公室是我們辦公室的三倍大 。 用 數(shù)字+ times + 比較級(jí)+ than + 比較對(duì)象”來表示。如：He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍 。注：若指兩倍，以上各句型中的 數(shù)字+times”則應(yīng)換成twice。女口：This room is twice the len gth of the other, but much n ar

27、rower.這個(gè)房間的長(zhǎng)度是那個(gè)房間的兩倍，但窄得多。7. 在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高級(jí)表示，結(jié)構(gòu)為“ the +最高級(jí)+比較范圍”。如：She is the best player in the team. 她是隊(duì)里最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。He works the hardest of all the students.他是所有學(xué)生中最用功的。8. 表示 越來越”時(shí)，用 比較級(jí)+ and +比較級(jí)”。如：Your English is getting better and better.你的英語(yǔ)越來越好了 。It s becoming more and more difficult to f

28、ind a job.找工作越來越困難了 。9. 表示越就越”時(shí)，用“ the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”。如：The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.年紀(jì)越輕, 學(xué)習(xí)越容易 。The more money you make, the more you spend.你掙的錢越多，花的錢也越多 。10. 否定詞+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。如：I ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I ve ever seen.這是我所見過的最好的鳥。H

29、ow beautifully she sin gs! I have n ever heard a better voice.她唱得多好啊！我從來沒有聽過這么動(dòng)聽的聲音。11. Who / Which + be +比較級(jí)，A or B ?Who is taller ，Tom or John ?12 + be + the 比較級(jí)+ of the two.（兩個(gè)之中比較 的那一個(gè)，包含在兩個(gè)之中）Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller tha n the other boy.13。much / a lot / eve n / far +比較級(jí)A c

30、ompute is much more expensive than a bicycle.計(jì)算機(jī)比自行車貴多了。14. Who / Which + be + 最高級(jí)，A，B，or C ?Who is the tallest ，Tom，Jack，or David ? Tom，Jack 與 David 三個(gè)人中誰(shuí)最高？15、 + be + one of the + 最高級(jí) +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示 最的之一”。The Yellow River is one of the Ion gest rivers in China.黃河是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。16、+ be +the + 序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+范圍

31、”，表示“是。的第幾”。She is the seco nd tallest stude nt in our class.她是我們班第二高的學(xué)生。17、 + be + the 最高級(jí) that 某人 have/ has ever +過去分詞。This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.這是我看過的最有趣的書。六比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 原級(jí)與比較級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換的常見句型： not so (as) + 單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞+ asf 單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的反義詞比較級(jí)+ than 。例如：Tom is not so(as) tall a

32、s Joh n.f Tom is shorter than John. not so (as) +多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞 + asf less +多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + than 。例如：Tom is not so(as) careful as Mary.f Tom is less careful than Mary.2. 比較級(jí)間的轉(zhuǎn)換：常改變比較對(duì)象的位置并使用形容詞或副詞的反義詞。例如：Joh n is youn ger tha n Bill.f Bill is older than John.Li Mei comes earlier tha n Ma Hong every day.f

33、Ma Hong comes later than Li Mei every day.3. 比較級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換為最高級(jí)的常見句型： 比較級(jí)+than + any other + 單數(shù)名詞。例如：Zhang Lei is taller tha n any other stude nt in his class.f Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class. 比較級(jí)+ than + the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞。例如：Mike is youn ger tha n the other boys in his class.f Mike is the young

34、est boy in his class. 比較級(jí) + than + anyone/ anythingelse。 例女口 :Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office.f Mr Smith is the fattest in his office. never +比較級(jí)。例如：I have n ever see n a better film.f This is the best fi lm I have ever seen.I have n ever slept better .f This is the best sleep I ha

35、ve ever had.經(jīng)典考題1 2012 黔西南】13. Which city haspopulation, Beijing, Guiyang or Xingyi?Xln gyi, of course.A. the largestB. the smallest C. the most D. the least2 2012 福建福州】36. Shu-How Lin is now one ofbasketball players in the NBA.A. popular B. more popularC. the most popular3 2012 北京】28. I work hard t

36、his term, but Peter works much.A. hardB. harderC. hardest D. the hardest4 2012 廣東】40. Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu Provinee. Itsone that I have ever heard of.A. a very serious B. a more serious C. the most serious D. the least serious5 2012 貴州安順】25.lf there ispollution, the

37、 air in our city will be dirtier.A. less; more B . more; much C . less; less D . more; more6 2012 湖北黃石】34.Theyou work at your lessons, theresults you will get.A.hard; good B.harder; good C.hard; better D.harder; better7 2012 湖北隨州】24.The world s population is growing, and there islandand water for gr

38、ow ing rice.A. larger; less B. larger; fewer C.more; less D.more; fewer8 2012 湖北孝感 126. Let s go shopping at the new mall.Why not shop online? It s .A. expe nsive B. more expe nsiveC. less expe nsiveD. the most expe nsive9 2012 湖北孝感】33. A number of volunteers willing to teach in China risralareas.Ye

39、s, the nu mber is gett ingA. is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and biggerC. is; more and more D. are more and more10 2012 江蘇鹽城】7.This schoolbag is not expensive. And the price of it is theofthe three.A. lowest B. biggestC. highest D. smallest11 2012 江蘇揚(yáng)州】6.She sa ng a so ng I believe I can fly in

40、 Yan gzhou En glish ClassicsReadi ng Con test. I have n ever heard avoice tha n that before.A. good B. well C. better D. best12 2012 江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】12. He speaks French well, but of course nota person born inFran ce.A. as clear as B. clearer tha n C. as clearly as D. the more clearly13 2012 江西】33. You should

41、practice more to improve your English, then you at it.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best14. Today its normal for married women to go out to work, but it wasin the past.A.com mon B.more com mon C.l ess com mon D.the most com mon15. You are doing great! Ive n ever hadan swer before.A. better B. best C

42、. a better D. the best16. 2012 湖北襄陽(yáng)】34. Hele n, can I wear jea ns and a T-shirt to the school tale nt show?OK, but a dress might be.A. good B. bad C. better D. worse17 2012 山東濟(jì)寧】19.ln the tale nt show, I performed well a nd Ann did even.A.well B.better C.more D.worse18 2012 山東臨沂】30. Breakfast ismeal

43、 of the day. It provides us with energy aftera long ni ght without food.A. importa nt B. more importa nt C. the most importa nt D. very importa nt19 . Tom isthan any other players in the school team.A. tall B . taller C . tallest D . more tall20 2012 四川達(dá)州】27. Peter has changed a lot, hasn t he?Yes.

44、He used to the guitar, but now he is more in play ing soccer.A. plays; in terested B. play; in terested C. play; in terest ing D. play ing; in terest21 2012 四川涼山】25. Mike always does his homework as the exams.A. goodB. wellC. Better22 2012 綿陽(yáng)市】2. Which do you like, summer or winter?I d prefer win te

45、r.A. better B. best C. good D. well23 2012 天津】36. Who listens, Tom, Jack or Bill?A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful D. more careful24 2012 重慶市】39. What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?Oh! It s one of films I ve ever seen.A. i nteresti ngB. more in terest ingC. mos

46、t in teresti ngD. the most in teresti ng25 2012 貴州六盤水】39. -Its summer now the weather is getting.A. higher and higher B. lower and lower C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder26 2012 貴州省畢節(jié)市】30. When win ter comes, days get.A. I ong and long B. short and shortC. Ion ger and Ion ger D. shorter and

47、shorter27 2012 貴州黔東南州】27. Some one says Time is, mo ney. But I thi nk- time isimporta nt tha n mon ey.A. less B. much C. eve nmore D. much least28 2012 山東 東營(yíng)市】33. At present, blogs aretraditional diaries （日記）amongyoung people.A. very popular B. as popular as C. not so popular as D. much more populartha n29. Is Tokyo the largest