最新劍橋初級(jí)語(yǔ)法整理筆記資料

1、現(xiàn)在時(shí)3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am doi ng以下動(dòng)詞不可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):likelovewantknowun dersta ndrememberdependpreferhaten eedmea nbelieveforget4、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式：Are you doi ng?5、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I do/work/like 等一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)表示一般性的事實(shí)、有時(shí)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情：I like big cities.Always/never/ofte n/usually/sometimes常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用：I n ever eat breakfast.6、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式：I don /h

2、e does n +動(dòng)詞原形I don / have a bath every day.【every day表每天，作狀語(yǔ)；everyday表每天的，形容詞】7、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式：Do you？Do/does主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形Doyouworkon SundaysDoyour frie ndsliven ear hereDoesAnneplaytennisWheredoYour friendsliveHow ofte ndoyouwashyour hairWhatdoesThis wordmea nHow muchdoesitcostto fly toRome*What do you do?表示

3、你是做什么工作的？”8、have/have got(1)have=have gothas=has gotDon t have=haven tgot Doesn t have=hasn Do you have=have you gotDoes he have=has he got(2) have表“吃、喝、拿”時(shí)，不能用 have got代替havehave breakfast/l un ch/d innerhave a meal/a pizza/a san dwichhave a cup of coffeehave sth to eat/dri nk(3)下列短語(yǔ)中，要用havehavehav

4、e a bath/a showerhave a rest/a holiday/a party have a nice time/a good trip/fu n have a walk/a swim/a game have a dream/a n accide nt have a babyhave a look15、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1) have done(2) just/already/yetJust表“剛才” ：we ve just arrived.Already 表已經(jīng)” (在預(yù)料之前 ):they ve already arrived (=before you expected )Yet表

5、直到現(xiàn)在”(用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)：they haven t arrived yet(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與 ever (用于疑問(wèn)句中)/never連用：Have you ever played golf ？(4) gone 表 去而未歸” ：she has gone to China.Been 表去而已歸” ：he has been to China.(5) How long have you ？She has bee n in Irela nd since Mon day/for three days.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Dan and Kate are married.They have b

6、ee n married for four years.Are you married?How long have you bee n married?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)I m lear ning En glish.How long have you bee n lear ning En glish?25、what are you doing tomorrow?I am doi ng somethi ng tomorrow 表示我已經(jīng)安排好明天要做某事/我計(jì)劃明天做某事”I am going to do something.同上（be going to 與 will 的區(qū)另U）注意：用一

7、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)間表、節(jié)目單、火車與公共汽車時(shí)刻表等：The train arrivesat 7.30.27、will/shall(1) I shall =I will、we shall=we willI shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.在構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，不可將shall與you/they/it/he/she 等非第一人稱連用：Tom will be late.(而不能 Tom shall be late.)(2) I ll 表提議或決定做某事”:I ll phone you tomorrow.I think I ll/I d

8、on 表“決定做某事” :- I think I go to bed early tonight.(3) Shall/Shall we?表你認(rèn)為好嗎？”28、might=may29、can/could : could 為過(guò)去式30、must/mustn t/don t need to(1) 表示過(guò)去時(shí)，用 had to 而不用 must: We had to walk home last night.(2) don t need to = don t have to31、should(1) I think should/I don think .should/do you think shou

9、ld?(2) ought to =should32、I have to(1) 表過(guò)去時(shí)，用 had to(2) 表示認(rèn)為有必要做某事或提出個(gè)人看法時(shí)，must或have to都可以不是表個(gè)人看法時(shí)，只能用have to :Eg: You can t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay.(非個(gè)人看法) It s a fantastic film. You must see/You have to see it.33、I used to/I didn used to/ did you use to ? 38、there has been/

10、there have been一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)There was an accide nt last ni ght.Look! There s been an accident.When we arrived at the theatre, there was a long queue outside.This road is very dan gerous. There have bee n many accide nts.Why are those policeme n outside the bank?There s befthere was a robbery.41、反義疑問(wèn)句Ha

11、ve you?/are you?/don t you?表 對(duì)某事感興趣或感到驚奇” I ve bought a new car.Oh, have you?記?。呵胺窈罂?，前肯后否It s a nicay, isn t it?That isn t your car, is it?42、too/either so am l/neither do I(1)句尾too (肯疋)I m happy too.either (否定)I m not happy either.I m happy.So am I(so was he/so do I/so would I)I m notI m not happyN

12、either am I(可用nor代替neither)I am(2) both+復(fù)數(shù)名詞either/neither單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)both(of)theeitherofthese/those neithermy/your/Paul s 44、疑問(wèn)句(1) is it ?/have you ?/do they ?why isn t ?/why don t ？(2) who saw you?/who did you see?(3) 以特殊疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的句子，介詞位于句尾：where are you from?(4) what s itke?/what are they like? 表詢問(wèn)某

13、事物的情況新舊、好壞、大小等(5) 疑問(wèn)詞whatWhat+名詞What time - /what size不加名詞What s your name?whichWhich+名詞(物/人)Which train did you catch?不加名詞時(shí)，不指代人Which is biggest?howHow+形容詞/副詞How tall are you?How deep/how heavy/how high/how big /What (范圍更廣) Which (選擇較少)What s the capital of Argentina?Which colour do you prefer, pin

14、k or yellow?52、不定式與-ing形式動(dòng)詞+不定式55、go togo to work(be)at workgo to school(be)at schoolgo to uni versity(be)at uni versitygo to hospital(be)i n hospitalgo to pris on(be)i n pris ongo to bed(be)i n bedgo to sleepgo to church(be)i n/at churchgo to the ban k/the theatre/theairport(be)at homego homego to

15、the doctor/de ntistgo ongo on holiday go on a trip go on a tour go on an excurs ion go on a cruise go on a strikego forgo for a walk go for a run go for a swim go for a drink go for mealgo（go in g/we nt/gone）shopp ing swimmi ng fishi ng sai ling skii ng jogg ing56、get +名詞（收到/買到/找到某物）get a job/get a

16、letterget +交通工具get a bus get a train get a taxiget +形容詞（變得.）get hungryget cold get tiredget to +地點(diǎn)（到達(dá)）get to workget to NY（get here/get home）get的短語(yǔ)get in a car get out of a carget on a bus get off a bus get married （結(jié)婚） get dressed （穿衣） get lost （迷路）57、do 與 makedodo an exam do a test do a course do

17、homeworkdo houseworkdo somebody a favourdo an exercisedo the shopp ingdo the washing 洗衣服 do the wash in g-up 洗碗 do the ironing 熨燙 do the cook ingmakemake a mistakemake an appo in tme ntmake a phone callmake a listmake a no isemake a bedmake a film 扌白電影 take a photograph 扌扌照66、名詞在英語(yǔ)中，下列詞語(yǔ)以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)：scisso

18、rs glasses trousersjea nsshorts tights pyjamas people police以下名詞通常不可數(shù)advice bread furniture hairin formatio nn ews weather worka bottle of watera cart on of milka bar of chocolate/ a box of chocolatesa piece of cheesea bottle of perfumea piece of musica bowl of ricea cup of coffeea game of tennis73、

19、the的用法the sun the moon the world the sky the sea the country the police the fire brigade the armythe top the end the middle the leftthe pia nothe guitar the trumpetthe radiothe In ternet1.2. television/TV 不用 the : I watch TV a lot.但是 can you turn off the TV(=the TV set)3.3. breakfast/lunch/dinner 等不

20、加 the5.4. next/last + week/month/year/summer等不力口 the5. 球類名詞前不加the8.9.學(xué)科名詞前不加thethe(地名)1.地域名稱前一般不用theFran ce/Japa n/Peru2.與國(guó)家、島嶼、山脈等名稱的復(fù)數(shù)形 式連用the Alps/the Philippi nes/the Netherla nds/the Canary Isla nds3.洋、海、江、河的名稱前用thethe Atla ntic/the Amazo n/the Nile/theBlack sea4.街道、廣場(chǎng)等名稱前不用thelives in Newt on

21、Street/Highfield Road/Times Square5.機(jī)場(chǎng)、車站、大學(xué)、城堡等重要建筑 物不用theKenn edy Airport/L ondon Zoo/VictoriaStati on6.賓館、影院、劇院、博物館的名稱前 要用thethe Rege nt Hotel/the Natio nalTheatre/the Scie nee Museum7.表方位時(shí)用thethe n orth/south/east/west of 77、not + any/no/more(1) not + any=no .=not a(2) no通常用于 have (got)與 there i

22、s/are 之后(3) 動(dòng)詞否定形式+any =動(dòng)詞肯定形式+no(4) no之后接名詞、none可單獨(dú)使用None 表示 無(wú)” ；no-one 表示 沒(méi)人n obody = not + an ybodyno-one =not + anyone nothing = not + anything80、every/all(1) every +單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(2) everywhere 是畐U詞all+citiesmostchildre nsomebooksanymoneynoall(of)themostofthis/that somethese/those anymy/your none

23、83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a)few(1) a lot of +可數(shù)/不可數(shù)，也可不跟名詞(2) much+不可數(shù)，用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句，也可不跟名詞(3) many+ 復(fù)數(shù)(4)a little+不可數(shù)表有一點(diǎn)但不多a few+復(fù)數(shù)表“有一點(diǎn)但是不多”little+不可數(shù)表幾乎沒(méi)有”few+復(fù)數(shù)表“幾乎沒(méi)有”88、a bit older/ much olderA bit older tha nA bit more difficult tha nMuch better tha nMuch more expe nsive tha n89、not as asNot

24、 as much asNot as many as The same as .90、the oldest/ the most expensive可用最高級(jí) +I ve ever ./ you ve e等er .ve ever seen.The film was very bad. I think it s the worst film IWhat is the most unusual thing you ve ever done?91、enough/tooeno ugh for sb/sthtoo -for sb/stheno ugh to do sthtoo -to do stheno u

25、gh for sb/sth totoo -for sb todo sthdo sth93、詞序(1 )地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前：we we nt to a party last night.(2) always/never/often等詞用于動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間：always ofte n ever rarely also already all usually sometimes n ever seldom just still bothe.g. I always drink coffee in the morning.I am always tired.I will alw

26、ays remember you. / I can n ever find my keys.96、give/ lend/pass/send/show/buy/getgive sth to sbgive sb sth注意：當(dāng)某物為代詞it或them時(shí)，用第一種結(jié)構(gòu)比較好：I gave it to my father.98、when(1) 當(dāng)以whe n開(kāi)頭時(shí)，兩部分用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)：When I we nt out, it was raining.(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于when之后表示將來(lái)：Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is. in New York.When I

27、 get home this evening, I m going thave a shower.(3) before/while/after/until的用法類似：Please close the window before you go out.I ll wait here until you come back.99、if(1)if之后常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?What shall we do if it rains?(2) if I/you/he/she/they/it had I/you/h

28、e would .if I/it/he/she was 或 if - I/it/he/she were這里的動(dòng)詞都是過(guò)去式 )IfIhad/k new/lived/we ntIwouldbuyydidn t have/didnyou(n t)beouknow itcould(have itwere theyn t)go.tcould hey在這種句子里，句意表示事實(shí)上這個(gè)假設(shè)不成立：If I had the money, I would buy a fast car.事實(shí)上我沒(méi)有錢買車。I wouldn t go out if I werou.事實(shí)上我不是你。(3)比較if I have/ i

29、f it isI must go and see Hele n. If 1 have time, I will go today. (=maybe I ll have time, so maybe I ll go) I ll help you if I can.(=maybe I can help you)if I had/if it was I must go and see Hele n. If 1 had time, I would go today. (=I don t have time today, s( will not go) I d help you if I could,

30、but I can.103、at/on/in(1)at (時(shí)間點(diǎn))8 o clock10.30 mid nighton （星期、日期、節(jié)日）Sunday/Monday 25 April/6 June New Year s Dayin （月份、年份、季節(jié)）April/J une2003/1998summer/spri ng（2）固定搭配at the weeke nd at ni ghtat Christmas at the end ofat the mome ntin the morni ngin the after noonin the eveningin five mi nu teson M

31、on day morning on Tuesday after noon注意：this、last、next、every 等前不用介詞，女口next year106、in/at/oninin a roomin a shopin the waterin Brazilin the fieldatat the bus stopat the doorat the traffic lightsat her deskat the top/bottom/e nd of(at the age of 21/at 50kilometres an hour/at 100 degrees)onon a shelfon a plateon a balc onyon the flooron a wallon a dooron the ceili ngon a horse/bicycle/motorbikeon footon holidayon televi