(完整word版)限制性非限制性定語從句詳解+練習(xí)(附答案)

1、定語從句用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞 (有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分) 而起 定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。一詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主語 Who which that主語 Whom which that賓語 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例 1： This is the detective who came from London.例 2： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas

2、Hardy.例 3： The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4： This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用 that ， 不用 which 。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及 first, la

3、st, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用which, who，或whom 例 如：(3) 非限制性定語從句中， 不能用關(guān)系代詞 that, 作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。 例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替 主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語

4、，也可以 作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this 相似，并可以指人。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，(指人作主語時(shí)多用whO僅用于限制性定語從句中。(6) which 可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用 which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用 who。(8) 先行

5、詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 that 。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who或whom 不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where：對于關(guān)系副詞where的考察，趨于一種“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表 示某人 / 物的 situation ，或某事發(fā)展的 stage

6、 ，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用 關(guān)系副詞where。常見的先行詞還有point ，case等。3“介詞關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)with, to at, of, without in which =where等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom或 which,不可用that 。 for which =why on which = when(1) “介詞關(guān)系代詞 語從句。“介詞關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句， 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for,(2) from where 為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。 例 如：We stoo

7、d at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。 例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。2. that 可引導(dǎo)定

8、語從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí) 間地點(diǎn)或原因，在 that 引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中， that 也可以省去。三限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1 二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞， 同先行詞這間一般不加逗號， 僅修飾先行詞， 可 以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或 that 來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明， 用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用 that 引導(dǎo)。2 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分 , 作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副 詞，作主語賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞

9、。3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后， 但定語從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會插入別 的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定語從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句（1） as 多與 such 或 the same 連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（2）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于wh

10、ich 。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.3 ） the samethat 與 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2. As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面， 一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后 as is known 眾所周知， as is often the case 情況常常如此， as is supposed 如所料想的， as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生， as is ex

11、pected 在意料之 中。 例如：（1）As is expected, the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.眾所周知 , 定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。 下面結(jié)合考例談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用非限制性定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：一、that不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terrible noise, brought her heart intoher mouth.A. it B. wh

12、ich C. this D. that【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語從句，盡管先行詞noise屬于事物，也不能用that而要用which來引導(dǎo)。which指代noise，在從句中作主語。二、除which夕卜，還可用 when, where，whose, whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時(shí)相同。如：Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown,is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。 （ 關(guān)系副詞 when 指代表示時(shí)間的名詞 ne

13、xt month ，并作從句的狀語。 ）She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳門去居住， 在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。 （ 關(guān)系副詞 where 指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 Macao并在從句中作狀語。）【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was veryreasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose【解析】選B。whose在從句中作表示所屬

14、關(guān)系的定語，既可指代人，也可指 代物。指物時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為 of which ；指人時(shí)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為 of whom?！究祭?In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time【解析】 先行詞5:30 pm與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用 which來作定語 替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與 by 短語連用。故選 D。三、在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：He w

15、as eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whomhe loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母，他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親 媽媽一樣愛戴。四、非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以 指代前面整句的含義。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others unhappy.A. who B. whichC. this D. what【

16、解析】選B。指代“ Dorothy總是高度評價(jià)自己在那場戲中所擔(dān)任的角色” 的整個(gè)事件?！究祭濉?Carol said the work would be done byOctober,personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞October，用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來修飾，意思不通。 應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句， 表示對“ Carol 說在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。 故選 D。五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí) as 和 which 的差異：從句置于句首時(shí)，非限制 性定語從句只能用 as 引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時(shí)，兩者都

17、可以使用。 如：【考例六】 is known to everybody, the moon travels round theearth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What解析】逗號表明為非限制性定語從句。選 B。【考例七】 is mentioned above, the number of the students insenior high schools is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。非限練習(xí) +詳解1. The place interested me

18、 most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man ?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year the C

19、hinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. whichD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the fact

20、ory we are working.A. where B. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. t

21、hat you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in whichC. on whichD. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It the

22、re anyone in your class family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isnt such a man he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that

23、 D. as17. He is good at English, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lo

24、t about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person I

25、ve ever met could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought

26、such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day wespent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28. The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29. This is the reason he di

27、dnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30. This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31. The reason he didnt come was he was ill.A. why; that B.tha

28、t;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32. He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33. That is not the way I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of

29、which35.I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kindof them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from

30、that D. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened?-

31、Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who cars increasing.A. ow

32、ns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see was going oninside

33、 house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two b

34、allpens, writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been參考答案及解析1. A. which 用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. 和誰講話 ”要說 speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whom I spoke to。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，

35、可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。5. A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓 語。6. C. 解析同第 5 題。7. A. 解析見第 3 題。8. A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞 應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)have been shown如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the, 則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A.談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth。about是介詞，其后要用 which

36、作賓語， 不能用 that。10. A. with which 是介詞+關(guān)系代詞 結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句 .with 有用的意 思，介詞之后只能用which，不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語，即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在從句中作狀 語.12. D. with whom 引導(dǎo)定語從句 .with whom 放在從句中即為 :my father works with the engineer.13. D. w

37、hose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same 是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such 是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作賓語.18. B. Li Mi ng

38、enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the con cert 是定語 從句.with whom 放在從句中為:I went to the con cert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成 suchas或 the sameaS!定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要用such a.本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語

39、從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示 物的名詞時(shí) ,其關(guān)系代詞要用 that.21. D. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句，第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞 whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作 主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which引導(dǎo)定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamous for 以 .而聞名 .26. C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用 as. As在本從句中 作主語 .27. A.兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞，但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在 從句中作狀語 ,因此要用關(guān)系副詞 when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作 動詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28. D.在way、distanee、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用 that來代替“ in或 其他介詞）+whic