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1、20xx年高考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理( 不受時(shí)態(tài)限制 )the geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.water boils at 100oc.表示現(xiàn)狀、 性質(zhì)、 狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ; 表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。ice feels cold.we always care for each other and help each other.表示知覺(jué)、 態(tài)度、 感情、 某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):see、hear、 smell

2、、 taste 、 feel 、 notice 、 agree、 believe 、 like 、 hate 、 want、 think 、 belong seem 等。如:i know what you mean.smith owns a car and a house.all the students here belong to middle school.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用 shall 或 will 表“意愿” ,但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。if you will accept my invitation and e to our

3、 party, my family willbe pleased. 如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì),我的家人會(huì)非常高興。少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如e、 go、 leave 、 arrive 、 fly 、 return 、 start 、begin 、 pen、 close 、 end、 stop 等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng) be 表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排,肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。the shop closes at 11:00 every day.tomorrow is wednesday.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法: 表示過(guò)去的事

4、情、 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 ( 或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示 ); 用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣; 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式。如:i met her in the street yesterday.i once saw the famous star here.they never drank wine.i thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生, 但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用過(guò)去式。如:he told me he read an interestin

5、g novel last night.表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如: but, and, when, as soon as, immediately,the moment,the minute。the moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.he bought a watch but lost it.常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型:why didnt you / i think of that?i didnt notice it.i forgot to tell you i had been the

6、re with my brother before.i didnt recognize him.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用 will / shall + 動(dòng)詞 (常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用如 tomorrow 、 next week 等)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。well die without air or water.表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如e、 go、 start 、 begin 、 leave 等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。 be going to 與 will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別:be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算

7、在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事,這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備;shall / will do 表示未事先考慮過(guò),即說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。be going to 表將來(lái), 不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中 ; 而 will 則能, 表意愿。如:if it is fine, well go fishing.(正確 )if it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯(cuò)誤 )be to do sth. 表按計(jì)劃、 安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 還可表示吩咐、 命令、 禁 止,可能性等。 a meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock thi

8、s afternoon.be about to do sth. 表示“即可,就要” ,后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。autumn harvest is about to start.4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 ; 表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話(huà)時(shí) ;表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃;go、e等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如:it is raining now.he is teaching english and learning chinese.i am meeting mr. wang tonight.we are leaving on friday.at six i am ba

9、thing the baby.(i start bathing the bady before six.)the girl is always talking loud in public.(與 always 、 often 等頻度副詞連用,表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩)下面四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (a) 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作: like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。 (b) 表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞: appear, exist, lie, remain, seembe

10、long to, depend on。 (c) 表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞: allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, plete 。 (d) 表示感官的動(dòng)詞: see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look 。5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情況: (a) 在 by 、 by the end、 by the time 、 until 、 before 、 since 后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 如: by the end of last year, we had produced 2

11、0,000 cars. the train had left beforewe reached the station. (b) 表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected 等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped/ planned + to have done 。 (c) 時(shí)間名詞 + before ”在句子中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí) ; “時(shí)間名詞+ ago ”在句中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。如: he said his first teac

12、her had died at least 10 yearsbefore. xiao hua left school 3 years ago.(d)表示“一就的幾個(gè)句型:hardly / no sooner /scarcely had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:wehad no sooner been seated than the bus started. = no sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在 before 或 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代

13、替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。after he (had)left the room, the boss came in.we arrived home before it snowed.6. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)參照一般將來(lái)時(shí)對(duì)比:用 would do 、 was / were going to do sth. 表過(guò)去將 來(lái);e、go、leave等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);was / were to do sth. 和 was / were about to do sth. 表過(guò)去將來(lái)。7. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,其中一個(gè)在由when或while

14、引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。8. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和 for 、 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用: during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years 等。下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)it is (has been) + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句this(that / it)is the first(second)time that + 完成時(shí)this(that / it)is the only+ that + 完成時(shí)this(that / it)is the bes

15、t / finest / most interesting+ that 從句 + 完成時(shí)在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如:i shall post the letter as soon as i have written it.if you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9. 時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):時(shí)間上有差異:凡有過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),不能用完成時(shí)態(tài),如含有ago、 last yea

16、r 、 just now 、 the other day 等。結(jié)果上有差異: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì) “現(xiàn)在” 的影響和結(jié)果, 動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在 和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去” , ; 剛完成或還在繼續(xù)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí):過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作 ( “連謂” ) 形式則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。10. 、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式: be + 過(guò)去分詞,口語(yǔ)只也有用 get / bee + 過(guò)去分詞表示。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法: 不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by 短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略

17、) 。(1) 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化??聪铝欣?。my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.an interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.i was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to 0the boss made him wo rk all day long.he was

18、made to work all day long(by the boss)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉“尾巴”。the children were taken good care of (by her).your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和 be going to 、 be to 、 be sure to 、 used to 、 have to 、 hadbetter 等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)?be + 過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為 say 、 believe 、 expect 、

19、 think 、 know、 write 、 consider 、report 等時(shí),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式: (a) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。 (b) 用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如:people say he is a smart boy.it is said that he is a smart boy.he is said to be a smart boy.people know paper was made in china first.it is known that paper was made in china first.p

20、aper was known to be made in china first.類(lèi)似句型有: it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that(2) 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、 join 、 mean、 last 、 look like 、 consist to 等。表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如 have、own belong to 等。表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞,如: wish

21、、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ),不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義, 特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí), 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有sell 、 write 、 wash、 open、 lock 等。(3) 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。當(dāng) feel 、 look 、 smell 、 taste 、 sound 等后面接形容詞時(shí); 當(dāng) cut 、 read 、sell 、 wear、 write 等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí) ; 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。this kind of

22、 cloth washes easily. 這種布易洗。these novels wont sell well. 這些小說(shuō)不暢銷(xiāo)。my pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。the door wont lock. 門(mén)鎖不上。the fish smells good. 魚(yú)聞起來(lái)香。當(dāng) break out 、 take place 、 shut off 、 turn off 、 work out 等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。the plan worked out successfully.the lamps on the wall turn off. want

23、, require, need 后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。 be worth doing 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。在“ be + 形容詞 + to do ”中,不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。this kind of water isnt fit to drink.the girl isnt easyto get along with.也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。 ) 出租 be to rent( , ) 受譴責(zé) be to blame( 另外:(4) 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。 be seated 坐著he is seated on a bench.(he seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。 be hidden 躲藏he was hidden behind the door.(he hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門(mén)后。 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿著the girl was dressed in a red short skirt.(5) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 ; 系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如:the book was sold by a certain bookstore.( 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )the bo

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