英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT（經(jīng)典實(shí)用）

1、2021-5-151 1 Economy of the UK 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152 2 Historical origin Great Charter Time : In June 15, 1215 Purpose: To protect the political independence and economic interests of the feudal aristocracy保障封建貴族的政 治獨(dú)立與經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益 primary coverage : 1. To limit kingship 2. To protect the political 、 economic

2、and judicial privileges （司法特權(quán)）（司法特權(quán)）of the church and the secular aristocracy（世俗貴族）（世俗貴族） are not infringed 3. To protect knights, free farmers and citizens interests 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153 3 It makes the bud which bred in trade and industrial structure of feudal society can grow up in incompatible moth

3、er(母體）母體）, and has a far- reaching influence on the emergence and development of future British capitalism 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154 4 Forteenth Centurythe plague （黑死?。ê谒啦。?Plague Yersinia pestis（鼠疫耶爾森氏菌）（鼠疫耶爾森氏菌） is a infectious disease（感染性疾?。ǜ腥拘约膊。﹚hich spread by fleas , are widely popular among wild ro

4、dents，is a natural focus infection disease （自然疫源性疾病）（自然疫源性疾?。? 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-155 5 *Great disaster for the UK *Promote the transformation of British economy to modern mode Due to population decline, resulting in a drop in demand for food, falling prices, and the lack of labor leads to rising wage c

5、osts. All of these make traditional aristocratic landowners (傳統(tǒng)貴族）傳統(tǒng)貴族）face serious difficulties in their economic development. Part of aristocratic landowners make adjustments in time and change the mode of operation, rent their manor to individual farmers and give up rent servitude (勞役制地租勞役制地租), E

6、ngland estate development has come to an end 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-156 6 Middle of the fifth century The system of the slaves and Whelan serfs (維蘭農(nóng)奴)both are disappear Some farmers contract more land, manage more agricultural with the tendency of capitalism,and have excess cash to lend out other poverty fa

7、rmers, gradually formed yeoman farmer(約曼農(nóng)）約曼農(nóng)）. 1. Yeoman s meaning in Middle English(中古英語 ) is the young people and the attendants 2. It is the advanced peasant class(農(nóng)民階級(jí)） 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-157 7 Late fifteenth Century Enclosure movement（圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)）（圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)） During the 14th and 15th centuries, in the process

8、of disintegration of the serf system, the British emerging bourgeoisie（新興的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)）新興的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)）and new nobility （新貴族）新貴族）through violence to drive peasants from the land, occupying peasant land and public land, deprived of farmers land use rights and ownership, restriction or cancellation of the original co

9、mmon cultivated land（共同耕地權(quán)）（共同耕地權(quán)） and livestock right（畜牧權(quán)）（畜牧權(quán)）, to forcibly seize and occupy land, into a private ranch and large farm. This is the enclosure movement in British history. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-158 8 Political impact 1.The ownership of land has changed. 2.British class relationship has cha

10、nged 3. Promote the development of the industrial revolution （工業(yè)革命）（工業(yè)革命） 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-159 9 Sixteenth Century to Seventh century British Maritime colonization（英國(guó)海上殖民活動(dòng)）（英國(guó)海上殖民活動(dòng)） Holland Holland VSVS England England “誰控制了海洋，即控制了貿(mào)易；誰控制了世界貿(mào)易，即控制了世界 財(cái)富。因而控制了世界?！?英華爾特雷利 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151010 In 1584,

11、 the British established the first colony in North America - Virginia (according to: Virginia for the virgin meaning, because Queen Elizabeth unmarried ） In 1588, the British defeated Holland Invincible fleet（荷蘭（荷蘭 無敵艦隊(duì)）無敵艦隊(duì)）, expanding the road for overseas expansion In 1600, the United Kingdom est

12、ablished East India Company In 1607, the British occupied the first colony in India In 1609, 1610, 1619, Britain set up its own business station in Gambia, Surat and Madras(蘇拉特、岡比亞、馬德拉斯) In 1619, Dutch East India Company beat British East India Company 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151111 Charlie Thi 查理一世查理一世 was

13、executed in 1649, the United Kingdom announced the occasion of the Republic, the situation has changed. The bourgeoisie urgently 資產(chǎn)階級(jí)資產(chǎn)階級(jí) demands to open up new overseas colonies and broaden overseas markets The British “protectorate” during the period of Cromwell （克倫威爾）（克倫威爾）made the sea control st

14、rategy British naval power far more than Holland 航海條例（Navigation Acts）1651 This is done in Britain for Hollands defiance of combat readiness, but also a product of typical mercantilism重商主義 This Ordinance條例 in the various models are clearly aimed at a large number of intermediaries and maritime Holla

15、nd, it is a serious challenge to Holland 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151212 The three Anglo Dutch war 三次英荷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)三次英荷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) The first Anglo Dutch war (1652 1654) The second Anglo Dutch war (1665 1667) The third Anglo Dutch war (1672 1674) War outcome：Britain began to become the dominant maritime海上霸主 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151313

16、 British slave trade英國(guó)黑奴貿(mào)易英國(guó)黑奴貿(mào)易 Britain is the worlds largest slave trade country 大海的深處， 泥濘的沙里， 躺著被人遺忘了的， 鎖著鐵鏈的人骸， 在死沉沉的黑暗里， 閃爍這不幸的奴隸的白骨， 他們從漆黑的巨浪里， 大聲呼喚“我們是證人”！ 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151414 Background After the opening of the new route（新航路開辟）（新航路開辟）, the first Portugal, Spain embarked on the path of the

17、expansion of the colony, the United Kingdom, France and Holland also took the road of colonial plunder. Triangular trade三角貿(mào)易 Slave traders from Europe, sailed to Africa, in Africa through various dirty way to capture black, they put slaves transported to the Americas, the black slaves sold to Americ

18、an plantation owners, then the gold in the Americas and industrial raw materials shipped back to Europe. This is called triangular trade, the first of the slave trade were the Portuguese, but the British came from behind to become the executives of the triangular trade. 奴隸販子從歐洲出發(fā)，乘船到達(dá)非洲，在非洲通過各種卑鄙的方式

19、俘獲黑人 之后，他們把黑奴運(yùn)往美洲，把黑奴賣給美洲的種植園主，然后，再把美洲 的黃金和工業(yè)原料運(yùn)回歐洲。這就是被稱為一本萬利的“三角貿(mào)易”，最先 進(jìn)行奴隸貿(mào)易的是葡萄牙人，但英國(guó)人后來居上，成為“三角貿(mào)易”的主要 經(jīng)營(yíng)者。 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151515英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151616 Britain is the first country to ban black slave trade. Brought a lot of wealth to the UK, the power of the bourgeoisie 資產(chǎn)階級(jí)資產(chǎn)階級(jí) expanded quickly,

20、 and accelerated the outbreak of British bourgeois revolution 英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命 and industrial revolution工業(yè)革命工業(yè)革命 Impact 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151717 Eighteenth Century The British Industrial Revolution 英國(guó)工業(yè)革命英國(guó)工業(yè)革命 Paraphrase釋義： Replacing manual labor with machine production Background： 1.Establishment of

21、constitutional monarchy 君主立憲制in Britain 2. Enclosure movement 3. Overseas trade and colony development 4. Theoretical innovation of classical mechanics and thermodynamics經(jīng)典力學(xué)與 熱力學(xué)的理論創(chuàng)新 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-151818 The first industrial revolution Mark：The steam engine as a power machine and widely used Time

22、：Eighteenth Century 40s 19 century 60s Major countries ：United Kingdom, France, United States, etc. Related person ：Stephen sun , Watt New energy：engine and modified steam engine動(dòng)力機(jī)和改良蒸汽機(jī) Characteristic：Steam age Major inventions：Steam locomotive and Jeanne textile machine珍妮紡織機(jī)和蒸汽 機(jī)車 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-

23、151919 The process of revolution In 1733, the mechanic Keay invented the “shuttle”飛梭, greatly improving the speed of the weaving, in short supply. In 1765, Hargreaves invented the Jeanne textile machine In 1785, Watt invented the modified steam engine改良型蒸汽機(jī), human entered the era of steam In 1807, A

24、merican Fulton invented a steam powered steamer 蒸汽汽船and trailed successful In 1814, the British Stephen sun invented the steam locomotive 蒸汽機(jī)車 In 1825, Stephen sun drove a train with 34 small cars and successfully test drive Before and after 1840, the British large machine production basically repla

25、ced the traditional factory hand industry， The industrial revolution basically completed 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152020英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152121 Second industrial revolution Time：Nineteenth Century seventys Major countries：America, Germany, Britain, France, Japan, Russia, etc. Related person：SIEMENS, Edison, Bae

26、r, etc. Characteristic ：Electrical age 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152222 The process of revolution In 1866, the German SIEMENS invented the generator . In the 80 s, the German Karl Friedrich BenzBenz, successfully produced a car driven by an engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車 In the 70s , Baer invented the phone In the 90s Italian

27、 Marconi invented wireless telegraphy無線 電報(bào) 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152323英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152424 What are the Industrial Revolution consequences？ 1. Replaced manual labor with machine production大機(jī)器生產(chǎn)代替手工勞動(dòng)大機(jī)器生產(chǎn)代替手工勞動(dòng) 2. Created tremendous productivity創(chuàng)造了創(chuàng)造了 巨大的生產(chǎn)力巨大的生產(chǎn)力 3. Let Britain became the worlds factory

28、 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152525 Twentieth Century- economic decline and Economic adjustment 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152626 The adjustment and intervention of government to economy after the war The occurrence of the great crisis of the capitalism in the 1930 s，Marshall economic theory was hit（Advocate “l(fā)aissez-faire”

29、主張自由放任 ），Keynesianism凱恩 斯主義 came into being（ Advocate state intervention （主張國(guó)家干預(yù)）. The state monopoly capitalism國(guó) 家壟斷資本主義was greatly developed. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152727 Between 1950 and 1973 ,Britains GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits.

30、The term “Britain disease”英國(guó)病 is now used to characterize Britains economic decline. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152828 The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock石油危機(jī). As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate an

31、d the highest inflation rate. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-152929 Five major economic disasters of the 20th century 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153030 1.Coming off the Gold Standard in 1931 1931年，英國(guó)脫離金本位制度年，英國(guó)脫離金本位制度 Winston Churchill溫士頓溫士頓丘吉爾丘吉爾during his time as chancellor put Britain back on the Gold Standard at its pre-wa

32、r rate of $4.86 against the dollar with disastrous consequences. The economy was already struggling and returning to the Gold Standard made UK exports uncompetitive. The global downturn following the Wall Street of 1929 (1929年華爾街金融危年華爾街金融危 機(jī)機(jī))deepened the slump and make it impossible for the minorit

33、y Labour government of Ramsay MacDonald to hold the line, despite unpopular welfare cuts. Leaving the Gold Standard for good helped the economy recover in the 1930s but split the Labour party. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153131 2.The devaluation of 1949 1949年，英鎊大幅貶值年，英鎊大幅貶值 Britain paid a high economic price for

34、 victory in the second world war. The country was flat broke and its industrial base, battered by six years of conflict, needed to be converted back into civilian use. The Attlee government(艾德禮政府艾德禮政府 )negotiated a loan with the Americans, but was forced by Washington to make sterling convertible wi

35、th the dollar in return. Britain was unable to compete with the much more productive US economy, and this resulted first in the crisis of 1947, followed by the devaluation of the pound from $4.03 to $2.80 two years later. Labour won a general election in 1950, but only just, and was ousted from powe

36、r in 1951. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153232 3. The devaluation of 1967 1967年英鎊再次貶值年英鎊再次貶值 The UK performed less well than its main rivals in the so- called Golden Age of the 1950s and 1960s. Growth was strong and jobs plentiful, but Britain found it hard to compete with the United States, France and Germany. T

37、he Labour government of Harold Wilson(哈羅德威爾遜)came to power in 1964 with an ambitious National Plan designed to accelerate Britains growth rate, but made the blueprint stillborn by refusing to devalue the pound immediately. Instead, Wilson and his chancellor, James Callaghan(威爾遜 和首相詹姆斯卡拉漢), imposed a

38、usterity measures to keep the pounds exchange rate at $2.80 before giving up the fight in November 1967. Consumers were squeezed so that resources could be diverted to exports, and Wilson to his surprise lost the 1970 election. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153333 4. The IMF comes to town 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織國(guó)際貨幣基金組織援助援助 In t

39、he mid-1970s, Britain suffered a number of unpleasant economic shocks. Ted Heaths(泰德泰德希思希思)1970-74 Conservative government had caused industrial chaos and left office with the country on a three-day week and inflationary pressure rising. Wilsons second spell in Downing Street saw the advent of stagf

40、lation rising unemployment and inflation that reached a post-war high of more than 25%. Wilson handed over the reins to Callaghan(卡拉漢卡拉漢) in March 1976 and the scorching summer that followed saw pressure mounting on sterling, even though it was by now a floating currency. Eventually, the UK had to s

41、wallow a package of spending cuts to secure a loan from the IMF. Callaghan lost power, narrowly, to Margaret Thatcher(格麗特格麗特撒切爾撒切爾)in 1979, but the humiliation of the IMF bailout haunted Labour for more than 15 years. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153434 5. Black Wednesday. 黑色星期三黑色星期三 The stain of the IMF was only

42、 removed from Labour when the Conservatives （保守黨）（保守黨）suffered a disaster of equal magnitude: the inability of the UK to continue with its membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism in the face of wave after wave of speculative selling of the pound. In many of the other crises of the 20th century, th

43、e Conservatives were fortunate that they had left office before the full extent of their economic blunders had been exposed. That was true in 1931, 1967 and 1976, when Labour had a rotten inheritance. In 1992, however, the Conservatives luck ran out. Black Wednesday was followed in 1997 by the bigge

44、st electoral defeat suffered by the party in 150 years. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153535 The feature in economy of the UK- privatization (私有化）私有化） Main point A. Social situation before the program B. Privatization program was carried out C. The result of the program 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153636 1.Before the privatiza

45、tion policy. (before 1979) Many enterprises and business were state- owned國(guó)有, such as steel鋼,telecom, gas ,aerospace航空航天工業(yè)，bank of England , oil business, transport service 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153737 However, problems appeared. a. Great losses(虧損）虧損） b. High cost of production c. High rates of inflation

46、(通貨膨脹）通貨膨脹） d. Low labor productivity(勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率）勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率） （the labor productivity was 40% lower than it was in private enterprise then) e. Slow growth in economy At that time , a woman came onto the stage ,which brought a turning point in the UKs history . 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153838 steel telecom They were stat

47、e-owned 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-153939 Margaret Hilda Thatcher Born in 1925 The first female prime minister in UKs history The first female prime minister in Europe 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154040 She carried out an extensive program of privatization throughout the 1980s . Many state-owned enterprises became privately

48、 owned under this policy. State-owned privately owned 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154141 The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought新的古典思想學(xué)派理論新的古典思想學(xué)派理論. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state in

49、terventionism政府的干涉政府的干涉 主義主義. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154242 State-owned privately owned Main reason 1.Needs of tax cut to promote economic development and increase the efficiency of company 需要減稅促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和提高企需要減稅促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和提高企 業(yè)的效率業(yè)的效率 2.Difficulty in finance of the government 3.Other people think that it had some

50、relation with the fight among the parties . 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154343 The effect of Thatcherism The British economy gradually restore vitality, The British economy gradually restore vitality, basic restrain the decline of the economy, get rid basic restrain the decline of the economy, get rid of the ima

51、ge of the “sick man of Europe”“of the image of the “sick man of Europe”“歐洲病歐洲病 夫夫” ” (from the year of 1979 to 1989, Britains (from the year of 1979 to 1989, Britains economic growth rate has more than the German, economic growth rate has more than the German, French, Italian, and later more than Ja

52、pan, after French, Italian, and later more than Japan, after entering the 1990s, the British economy is doing entering the 1990s, the British economy is doing better, the level of employment than other better, the level of employment than other European countries , The unemployment rate is much Euro

53、pean countries , The unemployment rate is much lower than Germany and France, and the inflation lower than Germany and France, and the inflation rate is within 2.5%, and the fiscal position is rate is within 2.5%, and the fiscal position is healthier than other major European countries.healthier tha

54、n other major European countries. Britain joined the Britain joined the European communites歐洲共同體歐洲共同體 in in January 1, 1973.January 1, 1973. 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154444 British social security system 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154545 In 1601, “poor law”濟(jì)貧法濟(jì)貧法 marks the promulgation of Britain began to establish the s

55、ocial security system The Beveridge report貝弗里奇報(bào)告貝弗里奇報(bào)告of 1942 laid the ideological foundation for the establishment of the British welfare social security system. The United Kingdom promulgated the national insurance law, the National Health Service Act, the family grants law, the national relief ac

56、t and a series of laws國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)法國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)法、國(guó)民衛(wèi)國(guó)民衛(wèi) 生保健服務(wù)法生保健服務(wù)法、家庭補(bǔ)助法家庭補(bǔ)助法、國(guó)民救濟(jì)法國(guó)民救濟(jì)法等一系列法律等一系列法律 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-1546 The history of the UK welfare system Act for the Relief of the Poor ,1601濟(jì)貧法濟(jì)貧法 Amendment of the Poor Law,1834新濟(jì)貧法新濟(jì)貧法 Pensions Act 1908養(yǎng)老金法案養(yǎng)老金法案 Act for the Unemployed ,1934失業(yè)法失業(yè)法 The first “

57、welfare state” ,1950 The history of welfare system 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-1547 The present of the UK welfare system 1.Children and pregnant women welfare 2.Disability and sick benefits 3.Retirement benefits 4.Widow welfare 5.Unemployment benefits 6.low-income earners welfare 7 Social Fund 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-154

58、8 Children and pregnant women welfare 1) Child Benefit（兒童福利金）（兒童福利金） 2) Family allowance（家庭津貼）（家庭津貼） 3) guardian allowance:（監(jiān)護(hù)人津貼）（監(jiān)護(hù)人津貼） 4) Statutory pregnant employee wages（法定懷孕（法定懷孕 雇員工資）雇員工資） 5) single parent allowance（單親津貼）（單親津貼） 6) Maternity allowance（孕婦津貼）（孕婦津貼） 7) The Social Fund Maternity s

59、ubsidies gold （社會(huì)基金孕婦補(bǔ)貼金）（社會(huì)基金孕婦補(bǔ)貼金） 8) child support（子女贍養(yǎng)費(fèi)）（子女贍養(yǎng)費(fèi)） 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-1549 Big family 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-1550 Disability and sick benefits 1) The care allowance（照料津貼（照料津貼) 2) accidental disability benefits（工（工 作意外傷殘福利）作意外傷殘福利） 3) disability living allowance（傷殘（傷殘 生活津貼）生活津貼） 4) Disability Wo

60、rking Allowance（ 傷殘工作津貼）傷殘工作津貼） 5) Severe Disability Allowance（嚴(yán)（嚴(yán) 重傷殘津貼）重傷殘津貼） 6) invalid care allowance（傷殘照（傷殘照 料者津貼）料者津貼） 7) should not work-related benefits （不宜工作福利）（不宜工作福利） 8) Statutory sick series of four days or more of the wage（法定患病福（法定患病福 利）利） 英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)PPT 2021-5-1551 Retirement benefits Basic r