物理化學專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、 一些物理化學專業(yè)英語詞匯BET公式BET formulaDLVO理論 DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性質 pVT property電勢 zeta potential阿伏加德羅常數(shù) Avogadronumber阿伏加德羅定律 Avogadro law阿累尼烏斯電離理論Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼烏斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼烏斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿馬格定律 Amagat law艾林方程 Erying equation愛因斯坦

2、光化當量定律 Einsteins law of photochemical equivalence愛因斯坦斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation安托萬常數(shù) Antoine constant安托萬方程 Antoine equation盎薩格電導理論Onsagers theory of conductance半電池half cell半衰期half time period飽和液體 saturated liquids飽和蒸氣 saturated vapor飽和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption飽和蒸氣壓 saturated vapor pres

3、sure爆炸界限 explosion limits比表面功 specific surface work比表面吉布斯函數(shù) specific surface Gibbs function比濃粘度 reduced viscosity標準電動勢 standard electromotive force標準電極電勢 standard electrode potential標準摩爾反應焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy標準摩爾反應吉布斯函數(shù) standard Gibbs function of molar reaction標準摩爾反應熵 standard molar re

4、action entropy標準摩爾焓函數(shù) standard molar enthalpy function標準摩爾吉布斯自由能函數(shù) standard molar Gibbs free energy function標準摩爾燃燒焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy標準摩爾熵 standard molar entropy標準摩爾生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy標準摩爾生成吉布斯函數(shù) standard molar formation Gibbs function標準平衡常數(shù) standard equilibrium co

5、nstant標準氫電極 standard hydrogen electrode標準態(tài) standard state標準熵 standard entropy標準壓力 standard pressure標準狀況 standard condition表觀活化能apparent activation energy表觀摩爾質量 apparent molecular weight表觀遷移數(shù)apparent transference number表面 surfaces表面過程控制 surface process control表面活性劑surfactants表面吸附量 surface excess表面張力

6、surface tension表面質量作用定律 surface mass action law波義爾定律 Boyle law波義爾溫度 Boyle temperature波義爾點 Boyle point玻爾茲曼常數(shù) Boltzmann constant玻爾茲曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻爾茲曼公式 Boltzmann formula玻爾茲曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色愛因斯坦統(tǒng)計Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆過程 irreversible process不可逆過程熱力學thermodynamics o

7、f irreversible processes不可逆相變化 irreversible phase change布朗運動 brownian movement查理定律 Charles law產(chǎn)率 yield敞開系統(tǒng) open system超電勢 over potential沉降 sedimentation沉降電勢 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium觸變 thixotropy粗分散系統(tǒng) thick disperse system催化劑 catalyst單分子層吸附理論 mono molecule layer adsorptio

8、n單分子反應 unimolecular reaction單鏈反應 straight chain reactions彈式量熱計 bomb calorimeter道爾頓定律 Dalton law道爾頓分壓定律 Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法爾肯哈根效應Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula德拜休克爾極限公式 Debye-Huckels limiting equation等焓過程 isenthalpic process等焓線isenthalpic line等幾率定理 theorem of equal

9、 probability等溫等容位Helmholtz free energy等溫等壓位Gibbs free energy等溫方程 equation at constant temperature低共熔點 eutectic point低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低會溶點 lower consolute point低熔冰鹽合晶 cryohydric第二類永動機 perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵 third-law entropy第一類永動機 perpetual machine of the first kind締合化學吸附 ass

10、ociation chemical adsorption電池常數(shù) cell constant電池電動勢 electromotive force of cells電池反應 cell reaction電導 conductance電導率 conductivity電動勢的溫度系數(shù) temperature coefficient of electromotive force電動電勢 zeta potential電功electric work電化學 electrochemistry電化學極化 electrochemical polarization電極電勢 electrode potential電極反應

11、reactions on the electrode電極種類 type of electrodes電解池 electrolytic cell電量計 coulometer電流效率current efficiency電遷移 electro migration電遷移率 electromobility電滲 electroosmosis電滲析 electrodialysis電泳 electrophoresis 丁達爾效應 Dyndall effect 定容摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容溫度計 Constant voIume thermo

12、meter 定壓摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定壓溫度計 constant pressure thermometer 定域子系統(tǒng) localized particle system 動力學方程kinetic equations 動力學控制 kinetics control 獨立子系統(tǒng) independent particle system 對比摩爾體積 reduced mole volume 對比體積 reduced volume 對比溫度 reduced temperature 對比壓力 reduced pressure 對

13、稱數(shù) symmetry number 對行反應reversible reactions 對應狀態(tài)原理 principle of corresponding state 多方過程polytropic process 多分子層吸附理論 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二級反應second order reaction 二級相變second order phase change 法拉第常數(shù) faraday constant 法拉第定律 Faradays law 反電動勢back E.M.F. 反滲透 reverse osmosis 反應分子數(shù)

14、molecularity 反應級數(shù) reaction orders 反應進度 extent of reaction 反應熱heat of reaction 反應速率rate of reaction 反應速率常數(shù) constant of reaction rate 范德華常數(shù) van der Waals constant 范德華方程 van der Waals equation 范德華力 van der Waals force 范德華氣體 van der Waals gases 范特霍夫方程 vant Hoff equation 范特霍夫規(guī)則 vant Hoff rule 范特霍夫滲透壓公式 v

15、ant Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反應 non-elementary reactions 非體積功 non-volume work 非依時計量學反應 time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克擴散第一定律 Ficks first law of diffusion 沸點 boiling point 沸點升高 elevation of boiling point 費米狄拉克統(tǒng)計Fermi-Dirac statistics 分布 distribution 分布數(shù) distribution numbers 分

16、解電壓 decomposition voltage 分配定律 distribution law 分散系統(tǒng) disperse system 分散相 dispersion phase 分體積 partial volume 分體積定律 partial volume law 分壓 partial pressure 分壓定律 partial pressure law 分子反應力學 mechanics of molecular reactions 分子間力 intermolecular force 分子蒸餾molecular distillation 封閉系統(tǒng) closed system 附加壓力 exc

17、ess pressure 弗羅因德利希吸附經(jīng)驗式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 負極 negative pole 負吸附 negative adsorption 復合反應composite reaction 蓋呂薩克定律 Gay-Lussac law 蓋斯定律 Hess law 甘汞電極 calomel electrode 感膠離子序 lyotropic series 杠桿規(guī)則 lever rule 高分子溶液 macromolecular solution 高會溶點 upper consolute point 隔離法the isolat

18、ion method 格羅塞斯德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoers law 隔離系統(tǒng) isolated system 根均方速率 root-mean-square speed 功 work 功函work content 共軛溶液 conjugate solution 共沸溫度 azeotropic temperature 構型熵configurational entropy 孤立系統(tǒng) isolated system 固溶膠 solid sol 固態(tài)混合物 solid solution 固相線 solid phase line 光反應 photoreaction 光化學第二定律 the

19、second law of actinochemistry 光化學第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry 光敏反應 photosensitized reactions 光譜熵 spectrum entropy 廣度性質 extensive property 廣延量 extensive quantity 廣延性質 extensive property 規(guī)定熵 stipulated entropy 過飽和溶液 oversaturated solution 過飽和蒸氣 oversaturated vapor 過程 process 過渡狀態(tài)理論 transition

20、 state theory 過冷水 super-cooled water 過冷液體 overcooled liquid 過熱液體 overheated liquid 亥姆霍茲函數(shù) Helmholtz function 亥姆霍茲函數(shù)判據(jù) Helmholtz function criterion 亥姆霍茲自由能 Helmholtz free energy 亥氏函數(shù) Helmholtz function 焓 enthalpy 亨利常數(shù) Henry constant 亨利定律 Henry law 恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture 恒容摩爾熱容 molar heat capa

21、city at constant volume 恒容熱 heat at constant volume 恒外壓 constant external pressure 恒壓摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure 恒壓熱 heat at constant pressure 化學動力學chemical kinetics 化學反應計量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction 化學反應計量系數(shù) stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化學反應進度

22、 extent of chemical reaction 化學親合勢 chemical affinity 化學熱力學chemical thermodynamics 化學勢 chemical potential 化學勢判據(jù) chemical potential criterion 化學吸附 chemisorptions 環(huán)境 environment 環(huán)境熵變 entropy change in environment 揮發(fā)度volatility 混合熵 entropy of mixing 混合物 mixture 活度 activity 活化控制 activation control 活化絡合物理

23、論 activated complex theory 活化能activation energy 霍根-華森圖 Hougen-Watson Chart 基態(tài)能級 energy level at ground state 基?；舴蚬?Kirchhoff formula 基元反應elementary reactions 積分溶解熱 integration heat of dissolution 吉布斯杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation 吉布斯亥姆霍茲方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函數(shù) Gibbs function 吉布斯函數(shù)判據(jù) Gibbs func

24、tion criterion 吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula 吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy 吉氏函數(shù) Gibbs function 極化電極電勢 polarization potential of electrode 極化曲線 polarization curves 極化作用 polarization 極限摩爾電導率 limiting molar conductivity 幾率因子 steric factor 計量式 stoichiometric equation 計量系數(shù) stoichiometric coefficient 價數(shù)規(guī)則 ru

25、le of valence 簡并度 degeneracy 鍵焓bond enthalpy 膠凍 broth jelly 膠核 colloidal nucleus 膠凝作用 demulsification 膠束micelle 膠體 colloid 膠體分散系統(tǒng) dispersion system of colloid 膠體化學 collochemistry 膠體粒子 colloidal particles 膠團 micelle 焦耳Joule 焦耳-湯姆生實驗 Joule-Thomson experiment 焦耳-湯姆生系數(shù) Joule-Thomson coefficient 焦耳-湯姆生效應

26、 Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳定律 Joules law 接觸電勢contact potential 接觸角 contact angle 節(jié)流過程 throttling process 節(jié)流膨脹 throttling expansion 節(jié)流膨脹系數(shù) coefficient of throttling expansion 結線 tie line 結晶熱heat of crystallization 解離化學吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 界面 interfaces 界面張力 surface tension 浸濕 immersion we

27、tting 浸濕功 immersion wetting work 精餾 rectify 聚（合）電解質polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value絕對反應速率理論 absolute reaction rate theory絕對熵 absolute entropy絕對溫標absolute temperature scale絕熱過程 adiabatic process絕熱量熱計adiabatic calorimeter絕熱指數(shù) adiabatic index卡諾定理 Carnot theorem卡諾循環(huán) Carnot cycle開爾文公式 K

28、elvin formula柯諾瓦洛夫吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law科爾勞施離子獨立運動定律 Kohlrauschs Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的電解質potential electrolyte可逆電池 reversible cell可逆過程 reversible process可逆過程方程 reversible process equation可逆體積功 reversible volume work可逆相變 reversible phase change克拉佩龍方程 Clapeyron equation克勞修斯不等式 Cla

29、usius inequality克勞修斯克拉佩龍方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步驟 control step庫侖計 coulometer擴散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplaces equation拉烏爾定律 Raoult law蘭格繆爾欣謝爾伍德機理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism蘭格繆爾吸附等溫式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷凍系數(shù)coefficient of refrigeration冷卻曲線 coo

30、ling curve離解熱heat of dissociation離解壓力dissociation pressure離域子系統(tǒng) non-localized particle systems離子的標準摩爾生成焓 standard molar formation of ion離子的電遷移率 mobility of ions離子的遷移數(shù) transport number of ions離子獨立運動定律 law of the independent migration of ions離子氛 ionic atmosphere離子強度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture

31、理想氣體 ideal gas接觸電勢contact potential接觸角 contact angle節(jié)流過程 throttling process節(jié)流膨脹 throttling expansion節(jié)流膨脹系數(shù) coefficient of throttling expansion結線 tie line結晶熱heat of crystallization解離化學吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption界面 interfaces界面張力 surface tension浸濕 immersion wetting浸濕功 immersion wetting work精餾

32、rectify聚（合）電解質polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value絕對反應速率理論 absolute reaction rate theory絕對熵 absolute entropy絕對溫標absolute temperature scale絕熱過程 adiabatic process絕熱量熱計adiabatic calorimeter絕熱指數(shù) adiabatic index卡諾定理 Carnot theorem卡諾循環(huán) Carnot cycle開爾文公式 Kelvin formula柯諾瓦洛夫吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gib

33、bs law科爾勞施離子獨立運動定律 Kohlrauschs Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的電解質potential electrolyte可逆電池 reversible cell可逆過程 reversible process可逆過程方程 reversible process equation可逆體積功 reversible volume work可逆相變 reversible phase change克拉佩龍方程 Clapeyron equation克勞修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克勞修斯克拉佩龍方程 Clausius-C

34、lapeyron equation控制步驟 control step庫侖計 coulometer擴散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplaces equation拉烏爾定律 Raoult law蘭格繆爾欣謝爾伍德機理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism蘭格繆爾吸附等溫式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷凍系數(shù)coefficient of refrigeration冷卻曲線 cooling curve離解熱heat of dissociation離解壓力

35、dissociation pressure離域子系統(tǒng) non-localized particle systems離子的標準摩爾生成焓 standard molar formation of ion離子的電遷移率 mobility of ions離子的遷移數(shù) transport number of ions離子獨立運動定律 law of the independent migration of ions離子氛 ionic atmosphere離子強度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想氣體 ideal gas理想氣體的絕熱指數(shù) adiabatic ind

36、ex of ideal gases理想氣體的微觀模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想氣體反應的等溫方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想氣體絕熱可逆過程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想氣體狀態(tài)方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液態(tài)混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函數(shù) partition fun

37、ction of particles連串反應consecutive reactions鏈的傳遞物 chain carrier鏈反應 chain reactions量熱熵 calorimetric entropy量子統(tǒng)計quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield臨界參數(shù) critical parameter臨界常數(shù) critical constant臨界點 critical point臨界膠束濃度critical micelle concentration臨界摩爾體積 critical molar volume臨界溫度 critical temperature臨界壓

38、力 critical pressure臨界狀態(tài) critical state零級反應zero order reaction流動電勢 streaming potential流動功 flow work籠罩效應 cage effect路易斯蘭德爾逸度規(guī)則 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity露點 dew point露點線 dew point line麥克斯韋關系式 Maxwell relations麥克斯韋速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds麥克斯韋能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛細管凝結 condens

39、ation in capillary毛細現(xiàn)象 capillary phenomena米凱利斯常數(shù) Michaelis constant摩爾電導率 molar conductivity摩爾反應焓 molar reaction enthalpy摩爾混合熵 mole entropy of mixing摩爾氣體常數(shù) molar gas constant摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity摩爾溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy摩爾稀釋焓 mole dilution enthalpy內(nèi)擴散控制 internal diffusions control內(nèi)能 internal

40、 energy內(nèi)壓力 internal pressure能級 energy levels能級分布 energy level distribution能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程 Nernst equation能斯特熱定理 Nernst heat theorem凝固點 freezing point凝固點降低 lowering of freezing point凝固點曲線 freezing point curve凝膠 gelatin凝聚態(tài) condensed state凝聚相 condensed phase濃差超電勢 co

41、ncentration over-potential濃差極化 concentration polarization濃差電池 concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡點 bubble point泡點線 bubble point line配分函數(shù) partition function配分函數(shù)的析因子性質 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面 collision cross

42、 section碰撞數(shù) the number of collisions偏摩爾量 partial mole quantities平衡常數(shù)（理想氣體反應） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平動配分函數(shù) partition function of translation平衡分布 equilibrium distribution平衡態(tài) equilibrium state平衡態(tài)近似法 equilibrium state approximation平衡狀態(tài)圖 equilibrium state diagram平均活度 mean acti

43、vity平均活度系統(tǒng) mean activity coefficient平均摩爾熱容 mean molar heat capacity平均質量摩爾濃度 mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反應parallel reactions破乳 demulsification鋪展 spreading普遍化范德華方程 universal van der Waals equation其它功 the other work氣化熱heat of vaporization氣溶膠 aerosol氣體常數(shù) gas constant氣體分子運動論 kinetic theory of

44、 gases氣體分子運動論的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases氣溶膠 aerosol氣相線 vapor line遷移數(shù) transport number潛熱latent heat強度量 intensive quantity強度性質 intensive property親液溶膠 hydrophilic sol氫電極 hydrogen electrodes區(qū)域熔化zone melting熱 heat熱爆炸 heat explosion熱泵 heat pump熱功當量mechanical equivalent of heat熱函

45、heat content熱化學thermochemistry熱化學方程thermochemical equation熱機 heat engine熱機效率 efficiency of heat engine熱力學 thermodynamics熱力學第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics熱力學第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics熱力學第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics熱力學基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics熱力學幾率 thermodyna

46、mic probability熱力學能 thermodynamic energy熱力學特性函數(shù)characteristic thermodynamic function熱力學溫標thermodynamic scale of temperature熱力學溫度thermodynamic temperature熱熵thermal entropy熱效應heat effect熔點曲線 melting point curve熔化熱heat of fusion溶膠 colloidal sol溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy溶液 solution溶脹 swelling乳化劑 emulsifie

47、r乳狀液 emulsion潤濕 wetting潤濕角 wetting angle薩克爾泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation三相點 triple point三相平衡線 triple-phase line熵 entropy熵判據(jù) entropy criterion熵增原理 principle of entropy increase滲透壓 osmotic pressure滲析法 dialytic process生成反應 formation reaction升華熱heat of sublimation實際氣體 real gas舒爾采哈迪規(guī)則 Schulze-Hardy rule

48、松馳力relaxation force松馳時間time of relaxation速度常數(shù)reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步驟rate determining step塔費爾公式 Tafel equation態(tài)態(tài)反應 state-state reactions唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium淌度 mobility特魯頓規(guī)則 Trouton rule特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity體積功 volume work統(tǒng)計權重 statistical weight統(tǒng)計熱力學 statistic thermodynami

49、cs統(tǒng)計熵 statistic entropy途徑 path途徑函數(shù) path function外擴散控制 external diffusion control完美晶體 perfect crystalline完全氣體 perfect gas微觀狀態(tài) microstate微態(tài) microstate韋斯頓標準電池 Weston standard battery維恩效應Wien effect維里方程 virial equation維里系數(shù) virial coefficient穩(wěn)流過程 steady flow process穩(wěn)態(tài)近似法 stationary state approximation無熱溶

50、液athermal solution無限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化學 Physical Chemistry物理吸附 physisorptions吸附 adsorption吸附等量線 adsorption isostere吸附等溫線 adsorption isotherm吸附等壓線 adsorption isobar吸附劑 adsorbent吸附量 extent of adsorption吸附熱 heat of adsorption吸附質 adsorbate析出電勢 evolution or deposition poten

51、tial析因子性質 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依數(shù)性 colligative properties of dilute solutions稀釋焓 dilution enthalpy系統(tǒng) system系統(tǒng)點 system point系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境 environment of system相 phase相變 phase change相變焓 enthalpy of phase cha

52、nge相變化 phase change相變熱 heat of phase change相點 phase point相對揮發(fā)度relative volatility相對粘度 relative viscosity相律 phase rule相平衡熱容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相圖 phase diagram相倚子系統(tǒng) system of dependent particles懸浮液 suspension循環(huán)過程 cyclic process壓力商 pressure quotient壓縮因子 compressibility factor壓縮因子圖 diagra

53、m of compressibility factor亞穩(wěn)狀態(tài) metastable state鹽橋 salt bridge鹽析 salting out陽極 anode楊氏方程 Youngs equation液體接界電勢 liquid junction potential液相線 liquid phase lines一級反應first order reaction一級相變first order phase change依時計量學反應 time dependent stoichiometric reactions逸度 fugacity逸度系數(shù) coefficient of fugacity陰極 cathode熒光 fluorescence永動機 perpetual motion machine永久氣體 Permanent gas有效能 available energy原電池 primary cell原鹽效應 salt effect增比粘度 specific viscosity憎液溶膠 lyophobic sol沾濕 adhesional wetting沾濕功 the work of adhesional wetting真溶液 true so