2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一閱讀理解第三節(jié)主旨大意題課件202103051188

1、專題一閱讀理解 第三節(jié)主旨大意題 常見設(shè)問形式 1標(biāo)題類常見的題干：The best title/headline for this passage might be _What is the best title for the passage？ Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2大意類常見的題干：This passage chiefly deals with _Whats the topic of the article？What is the subject discussed in

2、 the text？What is the main idea of the.paragraph/the passage? 正確選項特征 1涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。 2確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。 3精確性強(qiáng)，不會改變語言表達(dá)的程度及色彩。 干擾選項特征 1.過于籠統(tǒng)， 不知所云 所給選項內(nèi)容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述 內(nèi)容 2.以偏概全， 主次不分 所給選項只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文 章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個別詞作為選項的設(shè)置內(nèi) 容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀 點(diǎn) 3.移花接木， 偷換概念 所給選項被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放 在B上，若不留神，極易選錯答案 4.

3、無中生有， 生搬硬套 所給選項的關(guān)鍵詞雖然在文章中提到了，但經(jīng)過 仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi) 容毫無聯(lián)系 題型1段落大意題 (2019高考全國卷D片段) Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables playswellwithothers

4、qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jumpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 33What is the second paragraph mainly about?

5、 AThe classification of the popular. BThe characteristics of adolescents. CThe importance of interpersonal skills. DThe causes of dishonorable behavior. 思維可視化 技巧點(diǎn)撥 方法1：概括段落大意 要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該 段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進(jìn)行具體 論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題 句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的 中間；如果對比各事物，

6、那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大 意。 方法2：揣摩段落大意 有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示 給讀者，這就需要充分發(fā)揮讀者的想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大 意。 題型2文章大意題 (2020高考全國卷B) Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on m

7、athematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認(rèn)知)after controlling for differences in parents income， education and t

8、he amount of parent talk，Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played w

9、ith puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋 轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at o

10、ne time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more activ

11、e during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 27What is the text mainly about? AA mathematical method. BA scientific study. CA woman psychologist. DA teaching program. 思維可視化 技巧點(diǎn)撥 3個做法4個竅門，快速確定文章大意 文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具 體段落的中心思想

12、又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文 章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心思想的基礎(chǔ)上的。 具體做法是： 1找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾 句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。 2文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要分 步提煉，然后再進(jìn)一步加工概括。 3觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，區(qū)別文章的“核心”和“支撐性細(xì) 節(jié)”。核心是概括性的、理論性的；支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是碎片化的、事 例性的。事例是為理論性的“核心”服務(wù)的，“核心”即是文章 的主題。 用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句 和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息的方法可以快速找到主

13、題句。 以下是找主題句的 1段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however，but，in fact， actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。 2首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3作者有意識重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語， 一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。 4表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short， conclude，conclusion等。 題型3標(biāo)題歸納題 (2020高考全國卷 D) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scie

14、ntific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example， discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers

15、 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant th

16、at can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(發(fā)光)in experiments usi

17、ng some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light， about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start.The technology，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into selfpowered street l

18、amps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(電 源)such as the distance from a power