托福語法指導(dǎo)-從屬連詞及真題要點(diǎn)解析

1、托福語法指導(dǎo)-從屬連詞及真題要點(diǎn)解析復(fù)合句是TOEEL考題的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因而連接主句和從句的連接詞就成為重要的命題焦點(diǎn)。TOEEL?？嫉膹膶龠B詞分三類：(1)關(guān)系代詞(that,which,whatwho.Whose)(2) 關(guān)系副詞(wherewhenwhyhow)(3)狀語從句連接詞(where,when,if,though,because )有 關(guān)從屬連詞的試題大部分集中在Structure(1-15題中)掌握命題規(guī)律，這類題目并不復(fù)雜從屬連詞?？碱}型及解題要點(diǎn)1. 主句與從句之間必須有從屬連詞全真例題分析(1)Thespiralthreadsofaspider*swebhaveast

2、ickysubstanceonthem-答案C定語從i nsects.(A)traps(B)trapits(C)whichtraps(D)whichittraps(92.1)句關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句，且在從句中作主語。(2) Angiospermsinhabitrelativelydiverseenvironmentsandmaybefoundhigherplantscansurvive.(A)there(B)wherever(C)somewhere(D)then(92.5)答案B 空格前后為兩個(gè)完整的句子，這里應(yīng)填入連接詞聯(lián)系主從兩句。四個(gè)選擇只有wherever是連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句

3、。(3)DukeWellingtonwasacomposer.Conductor,andpianist ran kedaso neofthegreatestofalljazzfigures.(A)him(B)although(C)or(D)who(92.10)答案D關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，并作從句的主語。(4).SomeoftheEarth*s in teriorheatescapestothesurface.(A)Avolca no erupts(B)Avolca now hethererupts(C)Avolcanoeruptsit(D)Ifavolcanoerupts(93.5)答案

4、D 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。2. 關(guān)系代詞who與which混淆錯(cuò)用解題要點(diǎn)：在writtenExpression(16-40題)中的四個(gè)選擇答案中出現(xiàn)who或者which，應(yīng)確認(rèn)它所指代的是人還是物。全直例題分析(1) Fossilremai nsin dicatethatsquidlikecreaturescalledbelem ni tesswami ntheseawhocoveredtheNorthAmericaneontinent70millionyearsago.(94.5)答案C 關(guān)系代詞 who指代 的是sea，因此應(yīng)用指物的 which或that。(2) Vaccinesf

5、orsomerarediseasesaregivenonlytopersonswhichriskexposuretothedisease.(93.1) 答案 B 關(guān)系代詞 which 指代前面的 persons ，應(yīng)改為人稱關(guān)系代詞 who。(3) AnneElizabethMcDowellisbestrememberedforaweeklyjournal,theWoman*sAdvocate,whoshelaunchedinJanuary1855.(91.8)答案D 關(guān)系代詞 who指代雜志thewoman*sAdvocate, 故應(yīng)改為 which 。(4) Theattorneygene

6、raloftheUnitedStatesadvisesthePresidentonanyquestionsoflawwhomayariseintheconductofadministrativeaffairs.(90.10)答案B 關(guān)系代詞 who指代前文的 questionsoflaw ，故應(yīng)改為 which 或 that 。3. 介詞關(guān)系代詞 which 結(jié)構(gòu)解題要點(diǎn)介詞+ which作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，在從句作狀語?？杀硎緯r(shí)間(=when),地點(diǎn)(=where)，原因(=why)等等。全真例題分析(1) InreorganizingthecurriculumofMt.HolyokeC

7、ollegeinthelate1800*sElizabethMeadlaidthefoundationthemoderncollegerests.(A)iswhich(B)onwhich(C)whichison(D)onit(91.1)答案Bonwhich指代onthefoundation ，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞。(2) AcircuitmaybedefinedasaclosedpathelectricitycanHow.(A)throughit(B)throughwhich(C)thatisthrough(D)theregoesthrou gh(93.3)答案Bthroughwh

8、ich 指代throughthecircuit,作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，而介詞 through 才能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)句子的含義。(3) Theextentoftheharmfuleffectoflocoweedsonanimalsdependsonthesoiltheplantsgrow.(A)which(B)whichin(C)inwhich(D)in(90.5)答案Cinwhich=where(4)Adhesives,suchasglue,tapeandgum,varywiththepurposeintended.(A)theywerefor(B)fortheywere(C)whichweret

9、hey(D)forwhichtheywere(93.10) 答案 Dforwhich 指代 forthepurpose 。4. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句解題要點(diǎn)：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即 what=thething(things)that。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意， what 既已包含先行詞在內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。 What與that的區(qū)分是 TOEEL?？碱}目全真例題分析(1) Duringtheeighteenthcentury,LittleTurtlewaschiefoftheMiamitribewhoseterritorybecameisnowIndiana

10、andOhio.(A)there(B)where(C)that(D)what(93.5)答案Dwhat=theareathat 。What所指代的是地點(diǎn)、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇(B) where。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞 where 不能作從句的主語。只有 what 即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。(2) Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyonbestinitsclimateandsoil.(A)itgrows(B)whatgrows(C)doesitgrow(D)whatdoesgrow(90.1)答案Bwhatgrow s=thethingthatgro

11、ws 另請注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 (3)Ahingejointispermitstheforwardandbackwardmovementofadoor.(A)the(B)what(C)those(D)whose(88.1 0) 答案Bwhat=thethi ngthat(4)Esse ntially,atheoryisa nabstract.Symbolicreprese ntationofreality.(A)whatitisconceived(B)thatisconceived(C)whatisconceivedtobe(D)th

12、atisbeingconceivedof(89.5) 答案Cwhat=thethingthat(isconceivedtobe).答案(A)中的代詞 it 是多余的，因?yàn)?what 本身即已包含了先行詞( thething) 和關(guān)系代詞 (that) 。答 案(B)中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。(5) Mostofthefoodwhatelephantseatisbroughttotheirmouthsbytheirtrunks.(93.10答案Bwhat應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。5. 主句和從句解題要點(diǎn)主語從句是 TOEEL常考

13、而中國考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語從句的 命題幾乎全部集中在 structure(1-15 題)中。主語從句的特點(diǎn)是讀起來有種頭重腳輕的 感覺，而且有兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。連詞 That 引導(dǎo)的主語從句應(yīng)特別留意。因?yàn)?That 在句中沒 有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。全真例題分析 (1) xenoncouldnotfromchemicalcompoundswasoncebelievedbyscientists.(A)For(B)Itwas(C)That(D)While(91.1) 答案 CThat 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。其中第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞 couldfrom 是從 句的

14、謂語，第二個(gè)系動(dòng) was 是主句的謂語。 (2)tospacetravelersishighaccelerationofdecelerationforces.(A)Dangercanbe(B)Theyca nbedangerous(C)Whatcanbedangerous(D)Whiledanger(93.1)答案 Cwhat 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。What 既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語。(3)hasbeenatopicofcontinualgeologicalresearch.(A)Didthecontinentsoriginate(B)Howdidthecontinentsoriginate(C)Havethecontinentsoriginated(D)Howthecontinentsoriginated(91.1) 答案DHow引導(dǎo)的主