短文填空題型及解題技巧點(diǎn)撥

1、短文填空題型及解題技巧點(diǎn)撥、題型介紹短文填空題型是以閱讀理解為基礎(chǔ)，綜合考查學(xué)生對英 語詞匯、語法、慣用法的理解和運(yùn)用，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，考查 學(xué)生對整篇文章的分析、判斷能力、邏輯推理能力，是一種 要求高、難度大、區(qū)分度高的題型。其主要形式就是在一篇 語意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息鏈的中 斷，讓考生在重新理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)和 常識(shí)，對每個(gè)空格做出盡可能合理的分析判斷，給出最佳答 案，使重新構(gòu)建的文章主旨鮮明，文意暢達(dá)，邏輯嚴(yán)密。?？嫉男问街饕幸韵聨追N： 1選擇詞匯型短文填空；2.給出首字母短文填空； 3.給出動(dòng)詞型短文填空； 4.在短文的 空白處填詞型短文填空；

2、5. 看圖填詞型短文填空。二、應(yīng)試技巧做短文填空題時(shí)，通常先要弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn) 行合理的分析、判斷，才能做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以 下三步：1通覽全文。通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這 是做好短文填空題的關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)槎涛奶羁疹}的特點(diǎn)是著眼于 整體理解。我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)首句給出的啟示，通過邏輯思維， 借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，盡快把全文讀完，建立對 文章的整體感覺。2仔細(xì)推敲，初定答案。在通讀全文，了解大意的基 礎(chǔ)上著手答題。答題時(shí)要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容要求，結(jié)合文章的主 題，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法知識(shí)，對每個(gè)空進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分 析，反復(fù)推敲，從而確定答案?？梢詮囊韵聨讉€(gè)方面入手：(1) 根據(jù)上下

3、文語境確定答案； (2)根據(jù)慣用法或習(xí)慣搭配確定 答案；(3)運(yùn)用邏輯推理判斷答案； (4)根據(jù)詞語用法確定答案； (5)剖析結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行對比推理確定答案。3復(fù)讀檢查，消除漏洞。完成所有的空缺后，應(yīng)再次 通讀全文，看行文是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)檢時(shí)， 可從語法入手檢查時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致，代詞的性，名詞的數(shù)、 格及詞的搭配是否正確。遇到疑點(diǎn)，應(yīng)根據(jù)中心思想，從語 義、語法上加以判斷。三、各類短文題型的特點(diǎn)及答題策略1選擇詞匯型短文填空 【題型特點(diǎn)】這類題是把詞抽出，打亂順序，不按原文 的次序排列， 有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)， 要求挑選出正確的詞， 并用其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊攵涛牡目崭駜?nèi)?！窘忸}步驟】 (1

4、)跳過空格，通讀全文，初步掌握短文大 意。通過閱讀，了解文章大意，對語篇進(jìn)行整體了解，避免 斷章取義。在匆匆瀏覽全文時(shí)，對生詞可先跳過，細(xì)讀時(shí)再 理會(huì)。(2) 復(fù)讀全文，初步試填。將有關(guān)單詞按照個(gè)人的初步理 解填入空白處，不管具體形式如何，使短文初步成形。(3) 再次閱讀，根據(jù)句法及詞法確定所填詞的最終形式， 使其符合文章思路?！镜湫屠}】 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容從所給的 12 個(gè)單詞或詞組 中選出 10 個(gè)，并以其適當(dāng)形式填空。T-shirts first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In the early 1900s,

5、they were worn by _1_ in the American navy(海軍)under their uniforms. Over the next _2_ decades(十年)more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply _3_ Marlon Brando s white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, T-shirts _4_ be

6、came cool. Young people across America started wearing T-shirts as a symbol of _5_ own rebellious( 反叛的 ) feelings.As the young people of James Dean s times got _6_, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have _7_ they wanted print ed on them. There s nothing rebellious about wearing a T-shirt n

7、ow, _8_. People of all _9_ wear them. _10_, the T-shirt is probably the most common piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost anywhere and anytime.【答案及解析】試題給出了 12 個(gè)單詞和短語，要求從 中選出 10 個(gè)填入短文中，而且有的單詞需要轉(zhuǎn)換形式。I.sailors。根據(jù)文意應(yīng)該填表示“某人”的單詞，這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該 是“水手”，sail作動(dòng)詞用，意為“航海；駕（船）”；

8、它的名詞 形式sailors，意為“水手” 。2.few。在“ decades（十年）”的 前面應(yīng)該是個(gè)修飾數(shù)字的詞， 選 few 符合文意。 3.by the sight of 。前面是被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 后面是“ Marlon Brando s white T-shirt ”， 填入所給的短語 by the sight of符合文意。4.suddenly。句子 的主要成分完整，顯然這里應(yīng)該用個(gè)表示“突然”的副詞， 所給單詞中含“突然”意思的只有sudden，是形容詞，應(yīng)該用其副詞形式 suddenly。 5.their 。 own 前面必須用形容詞性 物主代詞，所給單詞中有人稱代詞they，用它的

9、物主代詞形式their即可。6.older?？崭袂暗膅ot是連系動(dòng)詞，意為“變 得”，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。所給單詞中剩余的形容詞只 有 old ，根據(jù)文意， 應(yīng)該用它的比較級(jí)形式older。 7.anything 。依句意“他們能夠在 T恤衫上印上”，空格處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“任何東西”的詞，所給單詞中恰有anything 。 8.however 。句子末尾應(yīng)該是個(gè)副詞。填“ however（ 然而 ）”與文意吻合。9.ages。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，People of all后面應(yīng)該是個(gè)名詞，組 成名詞短語作句子的主語。如果用 age，則需用它的復(fù)數(shù)形 式ages，表示“各個(gè)年齡段的人”，與文意相符。1O.

10、ln fact。 空格是個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，剩余的所給單詞 in fact， nothing ， so that 中，選“ in fact（ 實(shí)際上 ）”與文意相符。2.給出首字母型短文填空 【題型特點(diǎn)】首字母填詞是根據(jù)句意和已給的首字母， 在句子的空白處填上恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語法正 確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力， 又考查學(xué)生對句子的理解能力?！窘忸}步驟】 （1）通讀全文，把握句意。只有文章意思清 楚了，才可能根據(jù)文意進(jìn)行合理判斷，從而有可能突然產(chǎn)生 “靈感”，將斷層的信息比較準(zhǔn)確地反映出來。（2）注意精讀，反復(fù)琢磨。做這類題，有時(shí)可根據(jù)固定用 法判斷，有時(shí)可通過上下文

11、意思判斷。遇到難詞時(shí)，要根據(jù) 其前后的句子反復(fù)推敲、再三琢磨該詞在句中的作用，由此 判斷出該詞的意思。We asked some teachers to give us the last lesson. The lesson is proverbs（諺語）about friends. Older people _2_ teach proverbs to younger people. Every culture has proverbs.They are short and easy to _3_.There is a German proverb which says, “Friendshi

12、p is a plant we must _4_.” It means that we need to take care offriends _5_ taking care of a garden.“Only your real friendswill tell you when your face is dirty. ” is _6_ proverb from Japan. It means that only _7_ friends tell you when you are making a _8_.My grandfather told me, “Nobody is so _9_ t

13、hat he can throw away a friend. ” Everyone _10_ friends. Be good to them.Goodbye, friends! Don t forget us!n 閱讀下面短文，寫出括號(hào)中所給詞的正確形式，使 短文意思完整。Dolphins are _1_(interest) animals and researchers find them smart. They _2_(have) no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no evide

14、nce that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign _3_(language). They can respond(反應(yīng))quite _4_(correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at _5_(do) our “intelligent( 智能的 ) tests”.川.動(dòng)詞填空。(A) 閱讀下面短文，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(必要時(shí)可加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞)。I

15、 recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements( 成就 ), he was thought to be more creative than the average( 一般的 ) person. When he _1_(ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years ol

16、d. “ I _2_(try) to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling( 溢出 ) the milk all over the floor a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn t know what to do! ” he said.His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen.“I_3_(consider) how to explain all this t

17、o you, Mom, ” he said. Instead of _4_(punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess(雜舌L ) you have made! I _5_(not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like _6_(play) in the milk for a while? We _7_(clean) it up after that. ” Indeed, he di

18、d so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you _8_(make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up. ” He used a sponge(海綿)and together they cleaned up thespilled milk.His mother then said, “ You know, we _9_(fail) in how to successfully carry a big milk bottle wi

19、th two tiny hands just now. Let s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you _10_(discover) a way to carry it. ” Then the little boy learned that if he grasped( 抓緊 ) the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.What a wonderful lesson

20、!(B) 閱讀下面短文， 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Have you ever heard of Barack Obama? Now he is famous all over the world for becoming the first African-American president.Barack Obama was born to a black father and a white mother in 1961. While he _1_(study) in high school, he showed much talent in study. After gradua

21、ting from university, he worked as a lawyer and a teacher. He loves writing. And he _2_(write) some books since 1995. These books are very popular and have helped him earn millions of dollars. He gave away some of the money to charities. He _3_(become) the President of the USA in the year of 2008.No

22、w the situation in America is worrying. But most of the American people still _4_(have) confidence. They believeBarack Obama _5_(create) a bright future for them, just as they say, “ Change is coming to America. ”IV .閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處 填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。(A)Reading is an activity people enjoy a lot in th

23、eir free time.Some like reading newspapers and o_1_ enjoy novels or comic books(連環(huán)畫).My f_2_ books are those about the lives of great people. Reading them always gives me a lot of ideas on how to make my o_3_ life better.Great people are remembered not because they were handsome or beautiful, but be

24、cause they did not give up w_4_ their lives were difficult. They tried to use e_5_ chance to change their lives and make the world better.One good example is Orville and Wilbur Wright, the two brothers w_6_ invented the airplane. The plane has m_7_ the world into a small village. Hard work, not good

25、 luck, is the r_8_ why the Wright Brothers could invent this convenient 方便的)machine and become great people. Today we will remember them when we see planes i_9_ the sky.Whenever I read s_10_ about great people, I always learn a lot from them and they encourage me to march on.This is why I enjoy read

26、ing about great people s lives.(B)Dear Tom,Are you surprised to hear from me? I have not heard from you s_1_ the beginning of the summer h_2_. How are you getting on with your s_3_? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b_4_ f_5_ Canada yet?My stamp collection is g_6_ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d_7_ countries. In my stamp books, I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen friend from Britain. She gave me some B_8_ stamps. My American teacher has given me some beaut iful American and Canadian stamps. I m