(完整版)有機(jī)化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯(精)

1、 有機(jī)化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯(精)acetal醛縮醇乙酰酸-ene 烯acetal-acidepi- 表epoxy- 環(huán)氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基-al醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 堿allyl 烯丙基 propenyl(丙烯基)alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺fluoro- 氟代form 仿amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-glycol 二醇-ane 烷hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶heptade

2、ca- 十七h(yuǎn)exa- 六-ate 含氧酸的鹽、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氫或水hydroxyl 羥基hypo- 低級(jí)的，次hyper- 高級(jí)的，高benzene 苯bi- 在鹽類前表示酸式鹽bis- 雙-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴-ic 酸的，高價(jià)金屬-ide 無氧酸的鹽，酰替 胺，酐-il 偶酰butyl 丁基-imine 亞胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2iso- 異，等，同-ite 亞酸鹽chloro-

3、氯代cis- 順式keto- 酮condensed 縮合的、冷凝的cyclo- 環(huán)ketone 酮-lactone 內(nèi)酯deca- 十deci 10-1mega- 106-dine 啶meta- 間，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基dodeca- 十二1 micro- 10-6milli- 10-3ter- 三mono- ( mon-) 一，單tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四個(gè)thio- 硫代nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亞硝基nona- 九trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代nonadeca- 十九tri- 三tri

4、deca- 十三tris- 三個(gè)octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇undeca- 十一uni- 單，一-one 酮unsym- 不對(duì)稱的，偏位ortho- 鄰，正，原-ous 亞酸的，低價(jià)金屬oxa- 氧雜-yl 基-ylene 撐(二價(jià)基，價(jià)在不同原子上)-yne 炔-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮organic compounds 有機(jī)化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives碳?xì)浠衔锛捌溲苌飋rganic chemistry 有機(jī)化學(xué)structure of

5、molecule 分子結(jié)構(gòu)chemical bond 化學(xué)鍵covalent bond 共價(jià)鍵hybrid orbital 雜化軌道bond length 鍵長(zhǎng)oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 對(duì)位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，過petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12bond angle 鍵角bond energy 鍵能poly- 聚，多polarity 極性dissociation energy 離解能constitution 構(gòu)造quadri- 四quinque- 五contiguration 構(gòu)型conformati

6、on 構(gòu)象semi- 半septi- 七stereochemistry 立體化學(xué)tetrahedral 正四面體cis-順sesqui 一個(gè)半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 對(duì)稱trans-反isomerism 同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象isomer 異構(gòu)體stereoisomer 立體異構(gòu)syn- 順式，同，共2 constitutional isomer 構(gòu)造異構(gòu)structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式octet 八隅體common ring 普通環(huán)medium rimg 中環(huán)large ring 大環(huán)perspective 透視式bridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系spiro compou

7、nd 螺環(huán)化合物helical molecule 螺旋型分子octahedral compound 八面體化合物conjugation 共軛eclipsed conformation 重疊式構(gòu)象staggered conformation 交叉式構(gòu)象newman projection 紐曼投影式functional group 官能團(tuán)chain compoud 鏈狀化合物carbocyclic compound 碳環(huán)化合物heterocyclic compound 雜環(huán)化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶極-偶極相互作用conjugated-system 共軛體系ac

8、yl cation ?；x子benzylic cation 芐基正離子arenirm ion 芳基正離子ketyl radical 羰自由基radical ion 自由基離子radical cation 自由基正離子radical anion 自由基負(fù)離子isomerism 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象van der waals forces 范德華力hydrogen bonding 氫鍵dipole moment 偶極矩electronegativity 電負(fù)性physical property 物理性質(zhì)melting point 熔點(diǎn)aci form 酸式fluxional structure 循變結(jié)構(gòu)st

9、ereochemistry 立體化學(xué)optical activity 光學(xué)活性dextro isomer 右旋異構(gòu)體laevo isomer 左旋異構(gòu)體tetrahedral configuration 四面體構(gòu)型boiling point 沸點(diǎn)reaction mechanism 反應(yīng)機(jī)理homolysis 均裂free redical 自由基heterolysis 異裂ionic type 離子型electrophilic reagent 親電試劑electrophilic reaction 親電反應(yīng)nucleophilic reagent 親核試劑nucleophilic reactio

10、n 親核反應(yīng)英文名 漢文名stereoisomerism 立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象asymmetric atom 不對(duì)稱原子asymmetric carbon 不對(duì)稱碳pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不對(duì)稱碳angular methyl group 角甲基alkylidene group 亞烷基allyl group 烯丙基phantom atom 虛擬原子homotopic 等位的heterotopic 異位的allylic 烯丙型的enantiotopic 對(duì)映異位的diastereotopic 非對(duì)映異位的configuration 構(gòu)型phenyl group 苯基aryl gr

11、oup 芳基benzyl group 芐基absolute configuration 絕對(duì)構(gòu)型chirality 手性chiral 手性的benzylic 芐型的activating group 活化基團(tuán)chromophore 生色團(tuán)chiral center 手性中心chiral molecule 手性分子achiral 非手性的auxochrome 助色團(tuán)magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向異性基團(tuán)smally ring 小環(huán)fischer projection 費(fèi)歇爾投影式neoman projection 紐曼投影式3 d-l system of no

12、menclature d-l 命名體系synclinal conformation 反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象synclinal conformation 順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象eclipsed conformation 重疊構(gòu)象gauche conformation, skewcon-formation 鄰位交叉構(gòu)象staggered conformation 對(duì)位交叉構(gòu)象r-s syytem of nomenclature r-s 命名體系cahn-ingold-prelon sequence 順序規(guī)則symmetry factor 對(duì)稱因素plane of symmetry 對(duì)稱面mirror symmetry 鏡面對(duì)

13、稱enantiomer 對(duì)映異構(gòu)體diastereomer 非對(duì)映異構(gòu)體epimer 差向異構(gòu)體steric effect 空間效應(yīng)steric hindrance 位阻atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體puckered ring 折疊環(huán)conformational inversion 構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)chair conformation 椅型構(gòu)象boat conformation 船型構(gòu)象twist conformation 扭型構(gòu)象skew boat conformation 扭船型構(gòu)象half-chair conformation 半椅型構(gòu)象anomer 端基差向異構(gòu)體erythro config

14、uration 赤型構(gòu)型erythro isomer 赤型異構(gòu)體threo configuration 蘇型構(gòu)型threo isomer 蘇型異構(gòu)體trigonal carbon 三角型碳cis-trans isomerism 順反異構(gòu)e isomer e 異構(gòu)體pseudorotation 假旋轉(zhuǎn)envelope conformation 信封型構(gòu)象z isomer z 異構(gòu)體endo isomer 內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體exo isomer 外型異構(gòu)體prochirality 前手性axial bond 直立鍵equatorial bond 平伏鍵cisoid conformation 順向構(gòu)象tra

15、nsoid conformation 反向構(gòu)象retention of configuration 構(gòu)型保持pro-r group 前r基團(tuán)pro-s proup 前s基團(tuán)re face re面si face si面regioselectivity 區(qū)域選擇性regiospecificity 區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍詓tereocelectivity 立體選擇性stereospecificty 立體專一性conformer 構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體racemic mixture 外消旋混合物racemic compound 外消旋化合物racemic solid solution 外消旋固體溶液meso compound

16、 內(nèi)消旋化合物quasi recemate 準(zhǔn)外消旋體conformation 構(gòu)象conformational effect 構(gòu)象效應(yīng)crams rube 克拉姆規(guī)則prelogrule 普雷洛格規(guī)則stereochemical orientation 立體化學(xué)取向conformational 構(gòu)象分析torsion angle 扭轉(zhuǎn)角rotamer 旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體conformational transmission 構(gòu)象傳遞homolog 同系物anti conformation 反式構(gòu)象bisecting conformation 等分構(gòu)象anti periplanar conformat

17、ion 反疊構(gòu)象ipso position 本位ortho position 鄰位synperiplanar conformation 順疊構(gòu)象meta position 間位para position 對(duì)位4 amphi position 遠(yuǎn)位pauling electronegativity scale鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度peri position 近位trigonal hybridization 三角雜化molecular orbiral method 分子軌道法polarizability 可極化性inductive effect 誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)field effect 場(chǎng)效應(yīng)valence bo

18、nd method 價(jià)鍵法delocalezed bond 離域鍵cross conjugation 交叉共軛vinylog 插烯物electrical effect 電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)tautomerism 互變異構(gòu)tautomerization 互變異構(gòu)化keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)mesomeric effect 中介效應(yīng)resonance 共振phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互變異構(gòu)resonance effect 共振效應(yīng)hyperconjugation 超共軛isovalent hyperconjugation 等價(jià)超共軛imine-en

19、amine atutomerism 亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)ring-chain tautomerism 環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)no-bond resonance 無鍵共振aromaticity 芳香性valence tautomerism 價(jià)互變異構(gòu)ambident 兩可的aromatic sexter 芳香六隅huckelrule 休克爾規(guī)則paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán)電流solvent effect 溶劑效應(yīng)acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶劑diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁環(huán)電流basic solvent 堿性溶劑di

20、electric constant 介電常數(shù)solvated electron 溶劑化電子acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿催化反應(yīng)homoaromaticity 同芳香性antiaromaticity 反芳香性alternant hydrocarbon 交替烴non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷conjugate base 共軛酸conjugate base 共軛堿therm odynamic acidity 熱力學(xué)酸度kinetic acidity 動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度electron donof-acceptorcomplex,edacomple

21、x 電子給體受體絡(luò)合物pericyclic reaction 周環(huán)反應(yīng)electrocyclic rearrangement 電環(huán)化重排conrotatory 順旋disroatatory 對(duì)旋cycloaddition 環(huán)加成symmetry forbidden-reaction 對(duì)稱禁阻反應(yīng)host 主體guest 客體primary isotope effect 一級(jí)同位素效應(yīng)synfacial reaction 同面反應(yīng)antarafacial reaction 異面反應(yīng)mobius system 默比烏斯體系leois structure 路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)coordinate-covale

22、nt bond 配位共價(jià)鍵secondary isotope effect 二級(jí)同位數(shù)效應(yīng)inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效應(yīng)kinetic control 動(dòng)力學(xué)控制thermodynamic control 熱力學(xué)控制substrate 底物banana bond 香蕉鍵5 intermediate 中間體nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-lar electrophilicsubstitution 親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代reactive intermediate 活潑中間體microscopic reversibility 微觀可逆性ham

23、mond postulate 哈蒙德假說linear free energy 線性自由能non-bonded interaction 非鍵相互作用unimolecular elimination 單分子消除bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除torsional effect 扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)pitzer strain 皮策張力restricted rotation 阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)eclipsing effect 重疊效應(yīng)eclipsing strain 重疊張力small-angle strain 小角張力large angle strain 大角張力transannular inte

24、raction 跨環(huán)相互作用unimolecular elimination throughthe conjugate base 單分子共軛堿消除bimolecular elimination throughthe conjugate base 雙分子共軛堿消除bimolecular elimination withfor-mation of a carbonyl group 雙分子羰基形成消除transannular strain 跨環(huán)張力i strain 內(nèi)張力unimolecular acid-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂f strai

25、n 前張力b strain 后張力bimolecular base-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂a(bǔ)nomeric effect 端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)walden inversion 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)racemization 外消旋化isoinversion 等反轉(zhuǎn)unimolecular acid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂isoracemization 等消旋homochiral 純手性的mechanism 機(jī)理bimllecular base-catalyzed al-kyl-oxygen cle

26、avage 雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂unimolecular nucleophilic 單分子親核取代-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙型絡(luò)合機(jī)理bimolecular nucleophilicsub-stitution 雙分子親核取代bimolecular nucleophilicsubsti-tution(with allylicrearrange-ment) 雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）borderline mechanism 邊理機(jī)理homolysis 均裂heterolysis 異裂heterolytic michanism 異裂機(jī)理counrergegenion

27、反荷離子ion pair 離子對(duì)internal nucleophilicsubstiru-tion 分子內(nèi)親核取代aromatic nucleophilicsubstitu-tion 芳香親核取代unimolecular electrophilicsub-stitution 單分子親電取代bimolecular electrophilicsubsti-tution 雙分子親電取代carbocation 碳正離子nonclassical carbocation 非經(jīng)典碳正離子carbanion 碳負(fù)離子masked carbanion 掩蔽碳負(fù)離子carbenoid 卡賓體carbene 卡賓

28、6 nitrene 氮賓neighboring group participation鄰基基參與carbine 碳炔electrophilic addition 親電加成electrophile 親電體diaxial addition 雙直鍵加成markovnikovs rube 馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則neighboring proupassistance,anchimeric assistance鄰助作用neighboring group effect 鄰基效應(yīng)apofacial reaction 反面反應(yīng)briddgehead displacement 橋頭取代aryl action 芳正離子b

29、enzyne 苯炔anti-markovnikov addition 反馬氏加成michael addition 邁克爾加成substitution 取代zaitsev rule 札依采夫規(guī)則anti-zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向electrophilic substitution 親電取代addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除機(jī)理hofmanns rule 霍夫曼規(guī)則bredt rule 布雷特規(guī)則initiation 引發(fā)electrophilic aromaticsubstitu-tion 親電芳香取代electron trans

30、fer 電子轉(zhuǎn)移electron-donating group 給電子基團(tuán)anionic cleavage 負(fù)離子裂解partial bond fixation 鍵的部分固定化023 有機(jī)化學(xué)反應(yīng)alkylation 烷基化electron-withdrawing group 吸電子基團(tuán)c- alkylation c-烷基化o- alkylation o-烷基化n-alkylation n-烷基化silylation 硅烷基化exhaustive methylation 徹底甲基化seco alkylation 斷裂烷基化demethylation 脫甲基化ethylation 乙基化deac

31、tivating group 鈍化基團(tuán)orinentation 取向ortho-para directing group 鄰對(duì)位定位基meta directing group 間位定位基ortho effect 鄰位效應(yīng)partial rate factor 分速度系數(shù)nucleophilic reaction 親核反應(yīng)internal return 內(nèi)返nucleophilicity 親核體nucleophilicity 親核性-effect -效應(yīng)arylation 芳基化acylation ?；痜ormylation 甲?；痗arbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化carboamida

32、tion 氨羰基化carboxylation 羧基化amination 氨基化backside attack 背面進(jìn)攻inversion 反轉(zhuǎn)umbrella effect 傘效應(yīng)push-pull effect 推拉效應(yīng)leaving group 離去基團(tuán)electrofuge 離電體bisamination 雙氨基化cine substitution 移位取代transamination 氨基交換hydroxylation 羥基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化decarboxylative nitration 脫羧鹵化nucleofuge 離核體phase-transfer catal

33、ysis 相轉(zhuǎn)移催化allylic halogenation 烯丙型鹵化7 dehalogenation 脫鹵retro diels-alder reaction 逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)nitration 硝化decarboxylative nitration 脫羧硝化ene synthesis 單烯合成anionic cycloaddition 負(fù)離子環(huán)加成nitrosation 亞硝化sulfonation 磺化dipolar addition 偶極加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除chlorosulfonation 氯磺?；痙esulfonation

34、脫磺酸基sulfenylation 亞磺?；痵ulfonylation 磺酰化chlorosulfenation 氯亞磺?；痗hlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化diazotization 重氮化diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移coupling reaction 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián)cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)- elimination -消除-elimination -消除dehydrohalogenation 脫鹵化氫deamination 脫氨基pyrolytic elimination 熱解消除elim

35、ination-addition 消除-加成decarboxylation 脫羧decarboxamidation 脫酰胺decyanation 脫氰基alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解1,4-addition 1，4-加成conjugate addition 共軛加成dimerization 二聚acylolysis,acyl cleavage ?；呀鈌lash pyrolysis 閃熱裂fragmentation 碎裂trimefization 三聚additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化chiletropic re

36、action 螯鍵反應(yīng)chelation 螯環(huán)化selenylation 硒化esterification 酯化hydroboration 硼氫化oxyamination 羥氨基化insertion 插入transesterification 酯交換saponification 皂化alcoholysis 醇解carbonylation 羧基化hydroformylation 加氫甲?；痟ydroacylation 加氫?；痮xo process 羰基合成decarbonylation 脫羰hydrocarboxylation 氫羧基化homologization 同系化cyanoethyl

37、ation 氰乙基化decyanoethylation 脫氰乙基ring clsure 環(huán)合ethanolysis 乙醇解cyanomethylation 氰甲基化aminomethylation 氨甲基化hydroxymethylation 羥甲基化hydroxyalkylation 羥烷基化cholromethylation 氯甲基化haloalkylation 鹵烷基化transacetalation 縮醛交換enolization 烯醇化haloform reaction 鹵仿反應(yīng)condensation 縮合diene synthesis 雙烯合成dienophile 親雙烯體ald

38、ol condensation 羥醛縮合cross aldol condensation 交叉羥醛縮合endo addition 內(nèi)型加成exo addition 外型加成diels-alder reaction 第爾斯-爾德反應(yīng)retrograde aldol condensation 逆羥醛縮合8 acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合cyclization 環(huán)化rearrangement 重排prototropic rearrangement 質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應(yīng)spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)autoxidation 自氧化

39、double bond migration 雙鍵移位allylic migration 烯丙型重排allylic migration 烯丙型遷移ring contraction 環(huán)縮小反應(yīng)ring expansion,ring enlargement擴(kuò)環(huán)反應(yīng)allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氫過氧化epoxidation 環(huán)氧化oxonolysis 臭氧解electrochemical oxidation 電化學(xué)氧化-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排retropinacol rearrangemen

40、t 逆頻哪醇重排oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脫羧aromatization 芳構(gòu)化catalytic hydrogenation 催化氫化heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化semipinacol rearrangement 半頻哪醇重排benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫化acyl rearrangement ?；嘏舖igratory aptitude 遷移傾向transannular insertion 跨環(huán)插入transannular rearran

41、gement 跨環(huán)重排catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫氫transfer hydrogenation 轉(zhuǎn)移氫化hydrogenolysis 氫解migration 遷移prototropy 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移dissolving metal reduction 溶解金屬還原cationotropic rearrangement 正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排single electron transfer 單電子轉(zhuǎn)移anionotropy 負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移anionotropic rearrangement 負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原electrochemi

42、cal reduction 電化學(xué)還原sigmatropic rearrangement -遷移重排reductive alkylation 還原烷基化reductive acylation 還原?；痳eductive dimerization 還原二聚deoxygenation 脫氧homosigmatropic rearrangement 同遷移重排electrophilic rearrangement 親電重排desulfurization 脫硫deselenization 脫硒photosensitization 光敏化forbidden transition 禁阻躍遷photooxi

43、dation 光氧化photoisomerization 光異構(gòu)化photochemical rearrangement 光化學(xué)重排mitallation 金屬化lithiation 鋰化hydrometallation 氫金屬化mercuration 汞化oxymercuration 羥汞化aminomercuration 氨汞化abstraction 奪取反應(yīng)internal abstraction 內(nèi)奪取反應(yīng)24 有機(jī)化合物類名aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物hpdrocarbon 碳?xì)浠衔? alkane 烷oxime 肟wax 蠟aldimine 醛肟paraffin wax 石蠟alkene 烯oxime 亞硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮alkyen 炔hydrazone 腙acetylide 炔化物active hydrogen compounds 活潑氫化合物azine 嗪semicarbazone 縮氯基脲cyanohydrin 羥腈pinacol 頻哪醇carbon acid 碳?xì)渌醩