賓語及定語從句(附練習(xí)及答案)

1、初三英語語法及專項訓(xùn)練（賓語從句、定語從句部分）Grammar Object Clause 總結(jié)基本概念：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，賓語從句可以作及物動詞 的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。I think （that） you will like the students.I am in terested in what she is doing.They often worry about whether they can get the jobs.基本特點：一、選擇合適的連結(jié)詞。1. 詞that （在口語、非正式文體中可以省略，本身沒有意義）。引導(dǎo)陳述

2、句做賓語從句。如：I tell him that I have read the story.2. 連詞if或whether （是否）；引導(dǎo)一般疑問句做賓語從句。Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow?3. 代詞 who （作主語）、whom（作賓語）、whose （定語）、which （主語、定語）；連接副詞 when, why, how, where,（均作狀語）。引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句做賓語從句。He did nt know when he would leave for Shan ghai.*否定的用法有些表示思想和感情的動詞之后的賓語從句中的

3、否定式可以注意到這些動詞之前。I dont think youre right. = I think you arent right.二. 賓語從句要用陳述句語序。所謂陳述句語序就是指賓語從句中主語一定要放在謂語動詞之前。(1) 主句(主語+謂語 vt ) + ( that )從句(主語+謂語); 主句+ if/whether 從句(主語+謂語); 主句+連接代詞 who/whom/whose/what/which+ 陳述句語序(主語+謂語);(4 )主句+連接副詞 when/where/why/how+陳述句語序。使用時就注意連詞的意義，是否擔(dān)任成份。例如:1) Can you hear?A

4、. what did he say B. that he said C. what he said2) Can you tell me? Whats your n ame? -Can you tell me what your n ame is?3) He did nt un dersta ndCan this mach ine work?He did nt un dersta nd if this mach ine could work.三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：1. 當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r的時候，賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時 2. 主句是過去時，賓語從句一般只能用過去時的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘

5、述的是客觀事實或一般真理時，賓語從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。做賓語從句練習(xí)時，要記住“一連詞，二語序，三時態(tài)” !賓語從句練習(xí)1. The girls asked if theysome food and drink with them.D. will takeD. had n ever bee nD. areA. tookB. takeC. takes2. Catheri ne said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n3. The stude nts want to know

6、 whether theya dictati on today in class.A. hadB. hasC. will have4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she5. Linda said the moonB. she could _ round the earth.C. she canD. she mayA. traveledB. has traveledC. travelsD.had traveled6. Can you tell me_you were born, Betty?A. whoB. whatC. whenD

7、. that7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. whatB. ifC. whenD. where8. I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who9. She didnt know_back soon.A. whether he would beB. if would he beC. he will be10. I dont know he still lives here after so many years.A. whetherB. whereC.

8、 whatD. when11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. whatB. whenC. whyD. how12.He asked me _told me the accident.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose13.They dont know _their parents are.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which14.Please tell me last year.B. where did your sister work D. where your sister

9、 workedB. whose pen it wasD. whose pen was itA. where does your sister work C. where your sister works15.She asked me if I knew A. whose pen is itC. whose pen it is16. You must remember A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what17. Did you know ?A. who he was looking after C. who he is looking

10、 for18. Could you tell me _?B. what did your mother say D. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking afterA. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 19. What did Mike say? He said_A. if y

11、ou were free the next weekC. the weather is fine20. Tom asked my friend A. where was he fromB. what color was itD. summer comes after springC. when did he come back21. Let me tell you A. how much is the carB. that the earth is bigger than the moonD. not to be so angryB. how much does the car cost13C

12、. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 22. Peter knew .A. weather he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 mon ths in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris.Grammar 定語從句定義：修飾名詞和代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞.The book (which I am r

13、ead ing is writte n by Tomas Hardy.)先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等； 關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系詞的作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.代替先行詞。 3.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法一. 由who扌旨人,引導(dǎo)的定語從句,who在從句中做主語。例如: This is the man who helped me.(2) Do you know the comrade who spoke just

14、now ?二. whom 指人, 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ,whom 在從句中作賓語，?？墒÷浴?1) The doctor (whom) you are look ing for is in the room.(2) The pers on (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在 口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。女口 :(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.三. that指人時，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom指物時，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語

15、時可省略。(1) The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.(2) The house (that/which) we live in is n ot large. =The house in which we live is not large.四. which指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.五. whose通常指

16、人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語,女口：(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(指人)(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (指物)whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4) Do you like the book who

17、se cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞，但是下列情況只能用that. 先行詞為不定冠詞all, few, little, much, everythi ng, nothing等。All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.There isn t much (that) I can do. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時。The first less on (that) I lear

18、ned will n ever be forgotte n.This is the best film (that ) I have ever see n. 先行詞被 all, any, every, few, little, no, someI have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行詞被 the only, the very, the last, the sameThe white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to

19、read.This is the same book that I want to read.(等不定代詞修飾時。等修飾時。同一本書） 當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句that引導(dǎo)。t know this ?Who is the man that is sta nding there?Which of us that knows somethi ng about physics does n 先行詞既有人又有物時。We talked about the pers ons and things that we could remember. time做先行詞，前面如果有序數(shù)

20、詞或last來修飾時，定語從句用that來引導(dǎo)或省略；如果沒有序數(shù)詞或last來修飾時，既可用when 也可用that來引導(dǎo)。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a less on.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. who, that(先行詞為人)都可以修飾表示人的先行詞,區(qū)別如下.1. 用 who不用 that 的情況:(1) 當(dāng)先行詞為 one, ones, anyone, those 時。(2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時。Those who have any difficul

21、ty with pronunciation should practice more.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. 用that 不用 who的情況:(1)當(dāng)先行詞既是人又是物。(2)當(dāng)句子出現(xiàn)一個 who,為避免重復(fù)。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。(1) He talked a lot about the things and pers ons that he had remembered there(2) Who is the man that spoke to you just now?(3) Mary

22、is no Ion ger the girl that she used to be.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句用法1. when 指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語。When= on which(1) I still remember the day when(= on which) I first came to the school.(2) The time whe n(= on which) we got together fin ally came.2. where 指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語。Where = in which(1) Shan ghai is the city where

23、I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n. ( where=介詞+ which)3. why指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語why= for which(1) Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.(2) I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。(1) The reason why/ for wh

24、ich he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where) I was born.定語從句練習(xí)Fill in the bla nks1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boyfather died three years a

25、go.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、 Do you know the studentwas praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the People s Republic of China was founded.7、 They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、 They work in a factoryradio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone th

26、roughwe can see and talk to our friends.10、 Here are players from Japan, some ofare our old friends.11、She lives in a small village,is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai,she has some friends.13、we ll put off the meeting till next week,we won t be so b

27、usy.14、 The sun gives the earth light and heat,is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、 He was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schoolshe had visit

28、ed.II、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgot

29、ten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、 April 15, 1976 is the day when we ll never

30、 forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、This is all which I can do for you.13、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .14、Can you think of anyone who s house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.A. WhichB. whereC.what2.Do

31、 you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC.I spoke to3.This is the hotellast mon th.定語從句單項填空1.The placein terested me most was the Childre ns Palace.D. i n whichD. that I spokeA. which they stayedC. where they stayed at4.Do you know the yearB. at that they stayedD. where they stayed the Chin

32、ese Communist Party was foun ded?A. whichB. thatC. whe nD. i n which5. That is the dayIll n ever forget.A. whichB. on whichC. i n whichD. when6. The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we

33、 are working.A. whereB. thatC. which D. there8. This is one of the best filmsA. that have been shown this yearC. that has been shown this year9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedC. about that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.B. that have shownD. that you tal

34、kedB. which you talkedD. that you talkedA. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12.The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your

35、 class family is in the country?14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. asA. whoB. whosC. which D. whose16.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB

36、. thatC. whomD.what17.The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD.who18.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD.who19.Youre the only person _Ive ever met could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who20.Last summer we vi

37、sited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for that C. in which D. what21.I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. asD. itA. when; whichB. which; whenC.what; thatD. on which; when23.The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC.whatD./24.

38、This is the reasonhe didnt come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC.thatD. for which25.The reason _he didnt come was he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;whyC.for that;thatD.for which;what22.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.26.He is working hard, will make hi

39、m pass the final exam.A.that B.whichC.for whichD.who27.That is not the way I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with whichB. has beenA. are being42. His parents wouldn t let him marry anyoneC. had beenD. have beenA. of whomB.whom43.She heard a terrible noise,A.itfamily was poor.C.of whoseD.whose_ brought

40、her heart into her mouth. B.which C.thisD.that28.I have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of which C. both of thatD. both of which29.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC.thatD.it30.This is the magazine _ I copied the para

41、graph.A. thatB. whichC.from thatD.from which31. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. /B. whyC.whenD.whose32. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB.whichC. itD. though33. - Did you ask the guard happened?- Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; thatB.what; whatC. which; whichD.that; that34. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers, _hasa great effect on my life.A. when; whoB.that; whichC. which; thatD.when; which35. The number of the people who cars _ increasing.A. owns;