定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)篇

1、定語(yǔ)從句 分類 限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 關(guān)系代詞（在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）: who, whom, that, which, whose（作定語(yǔ)); as 關(guān)系副詞（在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因）: when, where, why限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. Yao Ming is a young man _ who / that _ plays basketball very well.2. Yao Ming is a young man _ (who / whom / that) _ I admire very much.3. Yao Ming is a young

2、man _whose_ girlfriend is a basketball player as well.4. The man _ (who / whom / that) _ Yao Ming is talking with is his interpreter.5. The man with _whom_ Yao Ming is talking is his interpreter.Summary: 當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，用who, whom, that, whose引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用who ,that引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whom, who, that引

3、導(dǎo)，或省略。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在介詞后面時(shí)，只能用whom引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whose引導(dǎo)。1. The computer is a machine _ _that / which can do a lot of amazing work.2. The computer is a machine _（that / which）_ she uses almost every day.3. The computer is a machine _ whose_ speed of calculation is very fast.4. The machine _（that / w

4、hich）_ she is working with is called a computer.5. The machine with _ which _ she is working is called a computer.Summary:當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，用that, which, whose引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that, which引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that, which引導(dǎo)，或省略。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在介詞后面時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whose引導(dǎo)。Notice: “that” or “which”：1. T

5、his is the 2nd article _ that_ I have written in English.2. It is the best film _ that _ he has ever seen.3. This is the very book _ that _ I want to read.4. All _ that they told me surprised me.5. They talked about the teachers and schools _ that _ they had visited.6. Who is the comrade _ that _ wa

6、s there?7. There is a bed in the room _ that _is still vacant.8. Our village is no longer the place _ that _ it used to be.9. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _which_ hadnt been cleaned at least a year.10. The weather turned out to be very good, _ which _ was more than we could e

7、xpect.11. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _ which _ he could see what was going on inside the house.Summary:*that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which（1）先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時(shí)。（2）先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。

8、（3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。（4）先行詞被the only, the very, just the 修飾時(shí)。（5）先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)。（6） who, which疑問(wèn)句。（7）兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),交換使用。（8）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。*在下列情況下只用which,不用that（1）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。（2）直接作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。（3）避免與that重復(fù)。Notice:That is the book.The cover of the book is blue.That is the book _whose cover / of which the cover

9、/ the cover of which_ is blue.*注意：1. 關(guān)系代詞whose表示所有關(guān)系，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，常用of which 代替。2. 用of短語(yǔ)修飾的名詞應(yīng)帶有the；whose則不用。3. of which短語(yǔ)可放在所修飾的名詞前后，whose只能在前。關(guān)系副詞 (where， when， why)1.Where 先行詞是地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)(= 介+which)This is the factory.We worked in the factory 3 years ago. which/that we worked in. This is the fact

10、ory in which we worked. where we worked.This is the town _where_ I spent my childhood.This is the town _which/that_ I visited yesterday.The table _where_ she is sitting is a new one.I visited the house _ which/that_ once belonged to Lu Xun. 先行詞是situation, case, point 都要用where引導(dǎo).2. when 先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，在定

11、語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（介+which） I will remember the days.I stayed there in the days. when I stayed there. I will remember the days in which I stayed there. which I stayed there in.Ill never forget the day _when_ (= _on_ which) I was born.This was the time _when_ (= _at_ which) he left for Beijing.We will put o

12、ff the meeting until next week, _when_ we wont be busy.Do you still remember the days _ (that/which) _ we spent in the countryside3. why 先行詞是表原因的名詞，作原因狀語(yǔ)。(= for +which)This is the reason.I cant finish it for this reason. This is the reason for which I cant finish it. why I cant finish it.Summary: 指時(shí)

13、間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, who won a gold medal in the Athens Olympic Games. 2. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, whom we are proud of. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, of whom we are proud.3. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, whose aim is to win an

14、other gold medal in 2008.1. He is fond of sports cars, which are very expensive.2. He is fond of sports cars, of which Ferrari is his favorite.3. He is fond of sports cars, whose appearances are very attractive.the appearances of which are very attractive.*表所有關(guān)系及整體中的一部分或全部時(shí)，用介詞of, 有時(shí)可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換。1) The

15、re are 100 teachers in our school, _60 are women teachers.2) He has three children, two _ work as teachers.3) That table has four legs, all _ are very short.4) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.*“介詞關(guān)系代詞”即“介詞whom/which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意：1.介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個(gè)因素A.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.B. 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29