英漢翻譯被動(dòng)與主動(dòng)

1、之前總結(jié)過英漢翻譯宏觀上的句法差異主要有10點(diǎn)：1. 英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義。2. 英語多長句，漢語多短句。3. 英語多從句，漢語多分句。4. 英語多靜態(tài)，漢語多動(dòng)態(tài)。英語多物稱，漢語多人稱。5. 英語多被動(dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)。6. 英語多變化，漢語多重復(fù)。7. 英語多抽象，漢語多具體。8. 英語多引申，漢語多推理。9. 英語多省略，漢語多補(bǔ)充。10. 英語多前重，漢語多后重。英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)（1）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)接受動(dòng)作的人或事物的重要性 我國各族人民每年都要熱烈慶祝十月一日的國慶節(jié)。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the

2、Chinese people of all nationalities every year.（2）便于上下文的連貫、銜接。 他出現(xiàn)在臺上，觀眾給與熱烈鼓掌。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.（3）為了使措辭得當(dāng)、語氣委婉 來賓請出示入場券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets.Assignment 7Passive vs. Active As we have mentioned in the previous units, the pass

3、ive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被動(dòng)語體的習(xí)慣用語需要記憶： it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is r

4、egarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人們承認(rèn)，有人主張，有人相信，有人認(rèn)為，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家知道，人們注意到，有人指出，人們認(rèn)為，有人會說，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，有人建議，有人認(rèn)為，人們曾說)Exercise:英語多被動(dòng)（正式文體的要求），漢語多主動(dòng)。1. 他準(zhǔn)備給我一份工作，這使我大吃一驚。 I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job.2. 很抱歉，因?yàn)橛晏?，參觀博物館得推遲到明天了。 Im sorry to say the v

5、isit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain3. 采取一國兩制適合中國國情, 并非權(quán)宜之計(jì)。One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for Chinas national conditions, not shake-up.4. 那個(gè)孩子受了重傷，醫(yī)院立即把他收下了。The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital

6、.5. 凡是做工，都是把能從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種形式。 All work can be converted from one form into another kind of form.英語被動(dòng)翻譯成漢語的主動(dòng)形式。1. 保留原主語，被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)。The ticket has been sold out. 票賣完了。2. 將英語中的主語翻譯為賓語，同時(shí)增補(bǔ)泛指性詞語，如“人們”“大家”等做主語。it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, i

7、t is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人們承認(rèn)，有人主張，有人相信，有人認(rèn)為，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家知道，人們注意到，有人指出，人們認(rèn)為，有人會說，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，有人建議，有人認(rèn)為，人們曾說)3. 翻譯為漢語的無主句。It is hoped that希望It is supposed that據(jù)推測4. 翻譯為漢語中的判斷句，是的。Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.自然光或者“白光”實(shí)際上是由許多種顏色組成的。5. 翻譯為漢語的被動(dòng)句，漢語被，給，遭到，受到，把，使，用，唯所，由He was left in the cold. 他遭到冷遇。I was troubled by toothache. 我受盡了牙疼的折磨。6. 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式做定語時(shí)，通常表示按計(jì)劃或要求表示的動(dòng)作，含有將來的意思?！耙薄皩ⅰ薄按薄皯?yīng)”“需”等詞。The chief difficulty to