熄焦車控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、摘要熄焦車是煤焦化生產(chǎn)中的重要設(shè)備，將焦?fàn)t生產(chǎn)的赤熱焦炭運(yùn)送到熄焦塔熄焦，然后再把焦炭卸至涼焦臺(tái)上。本設(shè)計(jì)要求的熄焦車的工藝要求有低速和高速兩級(jí)速度，在接焦時(shí)要求電機(jī)車低速走行，接焦之后電機(jī)車高速運(yùn)行，將焦碳送到熄焦塔，然后低速卸焦高速返回進(jìn)行下一個(gè)周期。根據(jù)走行距離的遠(yuǎn)近，選擇合適的速度運(yùn)行，在到達(dá)目的地之前減速至對(duì)位速度(5或10m/min)確保對(duì)位精度。在本系統(tǒng)中，主要的控制對(duì)象是電機(jī)，系統(tǒng)對(duì)于電機(jī)的控制是通過變頻器來實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過可編程控制器和變頻器跟電機(jī)共同構(gòu)成變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，邊陪你調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)主要是結(jié)合系統(tǒng)的靜動(dòng)態(tài)指標(biāo)，本設(shè)計(jì)采用的交流電機(jī)拖動(dòng)，其數(shù)學(xué)模型是一個(gè)高階、非線性、強(qiáng)耦合的多

2、變量系統(tǒng)。為使得控制精度達(dá)到工藝要求，本設(shè)計(jì)的交流變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)主要采用了目前控制交流變頻方面較為先進(jìn)的矢量控制技術(shù)。矢量控制是通過坐標(biāo)變換來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其原理是將三相交流電通過坐標(biāo)變換變成兩相電，使得三相交流電機(jī)具有像直流電機(jī)一樣的工作性質(zhì)。本設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成：根據(jù)馬鋼煤焦化公司熄焦車系統(tǒng)的改造要求，以使系統(tǒng)能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的惡劣工作環(huán)境穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行且便于操作和維護(hù)，使系統(tǒng)的控制方式簡(jiǎn)單合理且具有較高自動(dòng)控制水平為目的，提出采用Profibus-DP過程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)構(gòu)成分布式控制系統(tǒng)，以西門子公司S7-300型PLC作為主控單元、西門子6SE70系列全數(shù)字矢量型變頻調(diào)速裝置控制三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)作為系統(tǒng)的主傳

3、動(dòng)裝置來構(gòu)成熄焦車控制系統(tǒng)，完成干式熄焦車系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)控制任務(wù)。西門子公司的S7-300型PLC模塊化微型PLC 系統(tǒng)，滿足中、小規(guī)模的性能要求；各種性能的模塊可以非常好地滿足和適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化控制任務(wù)；簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的分布式結(jié)構(gòu)和多界面網(wǎng)絡(luò)能力，使得應(yīng)用十分靈活，能滿足本系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求。本設(shè)計(jì)采用的PROFIBUSDP總線技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)分布式控制，有效地簡(jiǎn)化了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)布線的復(fù)雜性，不僅節(jié)省大量電纜及敷設(shè)費(fèi)用，而且調(diào)試維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單方便，大大提高了。關(guān)鍵字 變頻調(diào)速，PLC，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，矢量控制Abstractcoke quenching car is an important coal production equipme

4、nt, production of red hot coke oven coke, coke quenching tower delivered to the coke quenching, and then unloaded to cool coke coke on stage. The design requirements of car coke quenching process requires two levels low and high speeds, when the requirements in the next focal low-speed motor vehicle

5、 courses, then focus after high speed motor vehicles, the coke to the quenching tower, and then high-speed low-speed unloading coke Returns the next cycle. Traveling distances based on, select the appropriate speeds, to slow down before reaching the destination of the bit rate (5 or 10m/min) to ensu

6、re alignment accuracy.In this system, the main control object is a motor system for motor control is achieved through the inverter. Programmable controller and drive with the motor constitute the frequency control system, side control system designed to accompany your main system is a combination of

7、 static and dynamic targets, the design uses the AC motor drag, the mathematical model is a high , nonlinear and strongly coupled multi-variable system. Makes the control accuracy for the process requirements, the design of the AC frequency control system is mainly controlled by the current terms of

8、 the more advanced AC variable frequency vector control technology. Vector control is achieved by coordinate transformation, the principle is the transformation of coordinates into a three-phase alternating current through the two-phase power, making the three-phase AC motors have the same work as t

9、he nature of DC motors.The design of the control system structure: According to the Maanshan Iron and Steel Company coal coking coke quenching car system transformation required to enable the system to adapt to the scene of the poor working environment and stable operation and easy to operate and ma

10、intain, the system control is simple and has a reasonably high the level of automatic control for the purpose of the process proposed by Profibus-DP fieldbus technology constitutes a distributed control system to Siemens S7-300 type PLC as main control unit, Siemens 6SE70 series of digital vector-ba

11、sed frequency control device control three-phase asynchronous motor as the systems main drive to form the coke quenching car control system, complete the dry coke quenching car system of the control tasks. Siemens PLC S7-300 type of micro-modular PLC system to meet the medium and small-scale perform

12、ance requirements; various properties of the module can be very good to meet and adapt to automation and control tasks; simple and practical distributed architecture and multi-interface network capacity , makes the application very flexible and can meet the design requirements of the system. This de

13、sign uses the PROFIBUS-DP bus, distributed control technology to effectively simplify the complexity of field wiring, not only save a lot of cable and the laying of charges, and debugging easy to maintain, greatly increased.Keywords frequency control, PLC and fieldbus, vector control目 錄1.前言12.控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)22.1系統(tǒng)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)22.2調(diào)速方案的設(shè)計(jì)22.3熄焦車自動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)32.3.1 Profibus-DP現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介32.3.2 基于Profibus-DP總線技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)組成方案設(shè)計(jì)43.交流傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)63.1交流傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)概述63.2電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)63.2.1矢量控制原理63.2.2異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的矢量控制83.3電壓空間矢量PWM控制103.3.1電壓空間矢量的意義103.3.2 SVPWM的控制基本原理11