2018年考研英語(yǔ)一完形填空與答案解析

1、section i use of englishdirections：read the following text. choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)trust is a tricky business. on the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) manyworthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. on the o

2、ther hand, putting your _(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _(3)._(4), why do we trust at all? well, because it feels good. _(5) people place their trustin an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _(6)pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruc

3、t thatleads sheep to flock together forsafety and prompts humans to _(7) with one another. swiss scientists have found thatexposure _(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _(9): in a study, researchers sprayedoxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significant

4、ly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _(10) who inhaled something else._(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _(12) us. a canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _(13) a credible personand a dishonest one. sixty toddlers w

5、ere each _(14) to an adult tester holding a plasticcontainer. the tester would ask, “whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “wow! ” each subject was then invited to look _ (15). half of them found atoy; the other half _ (16)the container was empty-and realized th

6、e tester had _(17) them.among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _ (18) to cooperatewith the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _ (19),only five of the 30 children paired with the _(20)tester participated in a follow-up activity. 1.

7、aon blike cfor d from2. afaith bconcern c attention d interest 3. abenefit bdebt c hope dprice4. atherefore bthen cinstead dagain5. auntil bunless c although dwhen6. aselects bproduces c applies dmaintains7. aconsult bcompete c connect dcompare8. aat bby cof dto9. acontext bmood c period dcircle 10.

8、 acounterparts bsubstitutes ccolleagues dsupporters11. afunny b lucky c odd d ironic 12. amonitor bprotect csurprise d delight13. abetween bwithin ctoward d over14. atransferred badded cintroduced d entrusted15. aout b back caround dinside16. adiscovered bproved cinsisted d remembered17. abetrayed b

9、wronged cfooled dmocked18. aforced bwilling c hesitant dentitled 19. ain contrast bas a result con the whole dfor instance20. ainflexible bincapable cunreliable dunsuitable 1.【答案】c【解析】該題選擇的是介詞，與后面的 many worthwhile things 一塊做后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的condition, 表明對(duì)于許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要的條件。而 a 選項(xiàng) from（來(lái)自于），c 選項(xiàng) like（像） d 選項(xiàng)

10、on （關(guān)于）均語(yǔ)義不搭。2.【答案】a【解析】此處考察語(yǔ)義一致和對(duì)上下文辨析的問(wèn)題。該空是做 put 的賓語(yǔ)，通過(guò)前面的 on the onehand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. ( 一方面,信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等 )；on the other hand 可以得知該題仍然是在講述關(guān)于主題 trust 的問(wèn)題，所以只有 faith（信任）最合適。而 b 選項(xiàng) concern（關(guān)心，關(guān)注）， c 選項(xiàng) attention

11、（注意），d 選項(xiàng) interest （興趣，利益）均不符題意。3.【答案】d【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。前文說(shuō)到 putting your _in the wrong place often carries a high_（把放在錯(cuò)誤的地方通常會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的），可以知道該空肯定也是填貶義，但肯定不能是 debt 債務(wù)這種具體含義，所以只能選 price ，并且 carries a high price 也指付出高昂的代價(jià)。4.【答案】b【解析】此題考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，該段所指內(nèi)容 _, why do wetrust at all?（我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)要信任？）所以采用了遞進(jìn)關(guān)

12、系，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明信任的具體內(nèi)容。只有 d 選項(xiàng)then(然后，那么) 最符合語(yǔ)義搭配。而 a 選項(xiàng) again（再次）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；b 選項(xiàng) instead（然而）表轉(zhuǎn)折； 而 c 選項(xiàng) therefore （因此）表結(jié)果，均不符合。5. 【答案】d【解析】此處再一次考察邏輯關(guān)系。該空 _ people place their trust in an individual or aninstitution, their brains release oxytocin ，a hormone （_人們信任一個(gè)人或者一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，大腦都會(huì) 釋放一種荷爾蒙） ,只有 when （當(dāng)時(shí)）符合上下文語(yǔ)境和邏輯語(yǔ)境。

13、6. 【答案】b【解析】該題是考察定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)賓搭配問(wèn)題。上一句說(shuō)當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，a hormone that _(6) pleasurable feelings 這個(gè) that 就是定語(yǔ)從句，指這種荷爾蒙能 _ 令人愉悅的感覺(jué)，只能是 produce 最符合語(yǔ)境。7.【答案】c【解析】考察詞義辨析。該空所填為動(dòng)詞，并且要求與之后的 with 形成搭配。 and triggers theherding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _withon

14、e another. 說(shuō)明這種荷爾蒙能夠引發(fā)一種群居本能，這種本能能讓羊群聚在一起， and 的后面的內(nèi)容 也與前面的 flock together 同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以只有 connect 最符合語(yǔ)境。8. 【答案】d【解析】該題考察固定搭配。與 exposure to 構(gòu)成固定搭配的關(guān)系。表示“接觸”9. 【答案】b【解析】該題考察上下文語(yǔ)義。上文中說(shuō)到這種荷爾蒙會(huì)給人帶來(lái)一種愉悅的情緒，通過(guò)這個(gè)結(jié)論， 可以得出這種荷爾蒙能讓人有讓人信任的情緒 /心緒。只有 mood 是最合適的答案。10.【答案】a【解析】此處仍然是考察上下文語(yǔ)境。上文中 in a study, researchers spr

15、ayed oxytocin into thenoses of half the subjects; 能從下文得知這也是只本句講另外一組受試者。conuterparts 表示對(duì)應(yīng)物， 對(duì)應(yīng)的人。11.【答案】b【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。從后文中的 also 可以看出前后一致的關(guān)系。前文對(duì)于這種天賦 都是褒義的色彩，所以答案此時(shí)應(yīng)該是 lucky 。12.【答案】b【解析】同樣也是因?yàn)?also ，說(shuō)明前后一致關(guān)系。只能選擇 protect.13.【答案】a【解析】考察固定搭配。 a canadian study found that children as young as 14 mont

16、hs candifferentiate _ a credible person and a dishonest one. 選則 between 意為： 14 個(gè)月大的孩子能 在誠(chéng)實(shí)和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人之間進(jìn)行區(qū)分。14.【答案】c【解析】考察搭配。結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，“sixty toddlers were each_to adult tester holding a plastic container ”選項(xiàng) c“be introduced to sth ”表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某物?！狈显恼Z(yǔ)境。15.【答案】d【解析】本題考察借此搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文“ what s in here? ”before l

17、ooking into thecontainer.each subject was then invited to _. ” 選項(xiàng) d 與前文所表達(dá)的 in here 和 looking into 相關(guān)。因此 d 為正選。16.【答案】a【解析】本題考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the containerwas empty. ”這是用分好并列連接的兩個(gè)句子，屬于并列關(guān)系。因此，前半句講一般的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)。像個(gè)小分局的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一直。因此本題填入的含義應(yīng) 該與 found 含

18、義相同。因此， a 選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為正選。17.【答案】c【解析】根據(jù)本題語(yǔ)境，此句在破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面的意思解釋說(shuō)明。前面提到了另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且易世達(dá)測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃?。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以對(duì)此題必須要理解測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是 them 指的是受測(cè)者。主語(yǔ)的含義決定了謂語(yǔ)的含義為戲 弄。因此 c 選項(xiàng)為正選。18.【答案】b【解析】考察搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，意為在所有沒(méi)有被戲弄過(guò)的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是如何的。 demonstrating thatthey trusted his leadership 表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。因此，既然信任他們就表示愿意合作。所 b 選項(xiàng) willing to do 構(gòu)成固定搭配。19.【答案】a【解析】本題考察邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“”only five