形容詞和副詞

1、形容詞和副詞窗體頂端1. 形容詞的位置單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的時(shí)候，一般前置。但是下列情況下形容詞卻要后置。1)當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some,no,any,加上thing,body,one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時(shí)，總是后置?！纠纭縄 have something urgent to do, so I have to go now.There must be something wrong with him.2)以able或ible結(jié)尾的形容詞與all, every, only或形容詞最高級(jí)連用時(shí)，常常后置?！纠纭縏hese are the best books available in the univer

2、sity library.Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.3)形容詞詞組常后置?！纠纭縄 know a girl good at singing.多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞的順序有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)，詞序無(wú)固定規(guī)律，一般的順序?yàn)椋?)限定詞(冠詞/代詞/數(shù)詞)2)性質(zhì)3)大小/形狀/新舊/年齡/顏色4)名詞性定語(yǔ)(包括動(dòng)名詞)5)名詞?！纠纭緾hina is a great, modernized socialist country.Nancy is reading an old, exciting, romant

3、ic love story. Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress.My sister knew a tall intelligent young American professor whom she met in college. 2. 作表語(yǔ)的形容詞1)很多以a開頭的形容詞，如asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike等，一般只作表語(yǔ)。【例如】He was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Whether

4、he was alive or dead in the earthquake is still unknown.2) 這類形容詞有時(shí)可以放在名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)?！纠纭縃e is one of the persons alive after the flood. The old man was the only person awake at the moment.3) 這類形容詞中有些像alike(相同)，alone(單獨(dú))，amiss(差別)，afire(燃燒著)，adrift(漂流)，afloat(漂浮)， afoot(徒步)等既是表語(yǔ)形容詞，又是副詞，它們的用法不同?！纠纭?The t

5、wins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other.My brother and I alike are funs of pop music. 4)一些表示身體健康情況的形容詞，如ill, well, unwell, fit, poorly等，一般作表語(yǔ)。【例如】I dont feel well, I need to go to see the doctor.How to keep fit is a popular topic these days副詞1. 副詞在句中的位置1)修飾形容詞或

6、副詞時(shí)，通常放在前面。2)當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，頻度副詞一般放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。句中有be或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，放在其后。【例如】I often go to the cinema on weekend with my husband.I can hardly understand him for what he said was really confusing. I have never been abroad until now.3)程度副詞修飾形容詞或副詞，通常放在被修飾的形容詞之前。但是enough總是放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。【例如】The boy didnt work h

7、ard enough.He is quite diligent. But his achievement is not good enough.4) only的位置比較靈活,修飾哪個(gè)詞，就放在哪個(gè)詞的前面，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)?！纠纭縄 only saw John yesterday. I didnt see his wife. I have bought two kilos of potatoes only.Only in the afternoon, can you borrow books from the university library. 5)only too pleased to do

8、sth: 非常想干某事I only too pleased to go home.2). 副詞的作用與構(gòu)成副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞。大部分副詞由“形容詞ly”構(gòu)成，如：happyhappily, slowslowly, wonderfulwonderfully等。但有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞卻不是形容詞，而是副詞，如：friendly, brotherly, likely, lonely等。有些詞可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，如：early, late, fast, hard, low, much, near等。3) fairly, quite, rather表示“十分，非?！?。fairly語(yǔ)氣最弱

9、，放在不定冠詞之后；quite語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，放在不定冠詞之前；rather語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，可放在不定冠詞前后，也可放在比較級(jí)前和too之前。【例如】This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends.You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few = many)The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. The student was rather too dull.4).

10、 具有兩種形式的副詞英語(yǔ)中有的副詞兼有兩種形式：一種是與形容詞同形；另一種是在該形容詞后面加副詞詞綴ly構(gòu)成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異，有的甚至完全不同。常見的這類副詞有：firm穩(wěn)固地firmly堅(jiān)固地direct徑直地directly恰好 flat平淡地flatly直截了當(dāng)?shù)豷hort突然shortly不久even甚至evenly平均地clean完全地，徑直地 cleanly清潔地，干凈利索地clear隔開，不接觸clearly清晰地，明顯地close近c(diǎn)losely緊密地，接近地easy安適地 easily容易地dead突然地，完全地deadly死一般地，非常fair公

11、平，正直地fairly相當(dāng)?shù)? right還好，適當(dāng)?shù)豶ightly改正地，合理地，正確地 just正好justly 公正地 sharp突然地，急劇地sharply嚴(yán)厲地【例句】Dont come too close. /I closely resemble my father. The train stopped dead./She turned deadly pale. ?She slipped right to the bottom of the icy mountain. / I am rightly informed. 例1)：Fix the post _in the ground.

12、 A) firmedB) firmlyC) firmlyD) firm答案為D。firmly意味“堅(jiān)固地，頑固地”，在此句中不妥，firm意為“穩(wěn)固地，牢固地”，合乎題意要求。句意：把這個(gè)樁子牢固地釘在地上。例2)Communism can never be taken as the equivalent of eating _and riding_. A) free; freeB) freely; freelyC) free; freelyD) freely; free答案為A。free意為“免費(fèi)地”，freely意為“自由自在地，不受約束地”。句意：共產(chǎn)主義決不能理解為白吃飯和免費(fèi)乘車。例

13、3)The desk was _in the center of the room. A) direct B) directed C) directing D) directly 答案為D。題意：書桌剛好在屋子中央。比較級(jí)1. 比較級(jí)的修飾詞比較級(jí)可以用much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, by far來(lái)修飾?！纠纭縎he is much more beautiful than I have thought. The situation is far more complicated than I have imagined.I c

14、an do a little better than you. Let me do it.2. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)1)比較的成分要對(duì)等?！纠纭縃e is more concerned about others than about himself. My father is in better health now than last year. The population of China is larger than that of America.2) the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)意為“越，越”。前面部分是從句，后面部分是主句?！纠纭縏he harder you work,

15、the more successful you will be. The earlier you come, the better place you can find3. 沒(méi)有比較級(jí)的形容詞和副詞1)有些程度副詞，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly等與形容詞連用具有“比較”含義。故這時(shí)句中的形容詞不能再使用比較級(jí)?！纠纭縄t is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.This book is rather difficul

16、t for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.2)下列幾類形容詞也沒(méi)有比較等級(jí)：(1)表示“終極”意義或絕對(duì)概念的形容詞或副詞。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。(2)表示時(shí)間、方位或方向的形容詞或副詞。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。(3

17、)部分表示事物性質(zhì)、物質(zhì)材料或結(jié)構(gòu)成分的形容詞。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。(4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容詞。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。4. 不用than的比較并不是所有的形容詞表示比較時(shí)都用than，英語(yǔ)中有幾個(gè)以-or結(jié)尾源于拉丁語(yǔ)的形容詞，由于其原級(jí)已具有比較的含義，在表示比較時(shí)不用 than，而用to。這類形容詞不多，計(jì)有：an

18、terior / prior to(先于)，posterior to (在之后)， superior to(優(yōu)于)，inferior to(劣于)，junior to(年幼于)，senior to(年長(zhǎng)于)。【例如】This task is prior to all others.He thinks he is superior to his classmates because his father is a very important people. The Red Army was inferior in equipment but superior in morale to the

19、enemy. My arrival in Beijing is posterior to that of our manager. It happened prior to my arrival. The officials rank is senior to his fathers.Mary is two years senior to me, and her sister is junior to me by three years. 5. 幾個(gè)含有than的結(jié)構(gòu)1) no more than 只，僅僅，只不過(guò)是(=only)，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，在句中起形容詞作用。例如： The stre

20、et is no more than two miles long.這條大街只有兩英里長(zhǎng)。 What he is saying is no more than a joke.他所講的只不過(guò)是個(gè)玩笑而已。 The estimate of 20012 tons was probably no more than another wild assumption of theirs. 這個(gè)二萬(wàn)零一十二噸的估計(jì)數(shù)字，也許只不過(guò)是他們的又一個(gè)胡編亂造。2) no more. than (= not.any more than)和一樣不(not.any more than)。Than前后都是否定的含義。A

21、whale is no more a fish than a horse is. (= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)鯨和馬都不是魚。(鯨之非魚類，正如馬之非魚類。)My elder brother is no more a singer than I am.我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。They will no more sell their freedom for roubles than for dollars.他們既不會(huì)以他們的自由換取美元，也將同樣不會(huì)以自由換取盧布。3)no other than 只有，正是。它常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)

22、氣，多用于書面語(yǔ)。The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himself.結(jié)果是，那個(gè)殺人犯不是別人，正是巡官自己。The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.被打敗的敵人只有投降。4)no better than 和一樣，實(shí)際上等于(practically the same as)A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.不識(shí)字的人跟瞎子沒(méi)有兩樣。The pat

23、ient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情況和昨天一樣。5)no less. than和一樣，不遜于。其中的than前后都是肯定的意思。This person is no less diligent than he used to be.這個(gè)人和從前一樣勤奮。The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.寫作技巧和其他藝術(shù)技巧一樣困難。Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy

24、 body.日光和新鮮空氣對(duì)身體健康是同樣必不可少的。6)no less than 多達(dá)，竟有之多，不下于(as many as, as much as)。In the battle, the Red Amy wounded were no less than twenty thousand.在這次戰(zhàn)斗中，紅軍傷員不下兩萬(wàn)人。He won no less than 1000 yuan in the lottery.他居然中了一千元的獎(jiǎng)券。The bank pays him a yearly salary of no less than ,000.銀行給他的年薪竟高達(dá)九萬(wàn)。7) other th

25、an意思是：不同于，除之外；rather than意思是：而不是。In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.除了在英國(guó)，一個(gè)人不可能在其它國(guó)家在一天內(nèi)經(jīng)歷四季。Exercises:1.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices.A、asB、whenC、afterD、while2.I felt somewh

26、at disappointed and was about to leave _ something occurred which attracted my attention.A、unlessB、untilC、whenD、while3.Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, _.A、however much it costsB、however does it cost muchC、how much does it costD、no matter how it costs4._, he does get annoyed with her so

27、metimes.A、Although much he likes herB、Much although he likes herC、 As he likes her muchD、Much as he likes her5. _ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A、Even ifB、As far asC、If onlyD、So long as6._ their differences, t

28、he couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.A、But forB、For allC、Above allD、Except for7.I am sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it.A、if onlyB、in caseC、untilD、unless8.Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money.A、lestB、untilC、unlessD、provided9._ h

29、e works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.A、As soon asB、As well asC、As far asD、So long as10.I took no notice of him, _ he flew into a rage.A、for thatB、so thatC、in thatD、but that11.I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.A、neverthelessB、althoughC、in caseD、so that12.The man mad was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A、injureB、had injuredC、injuredD、would injure13.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _ you dont mind taking the night train.A、providedB、unlessC、thoughD、until14.Excuse me. If your calls not