高中英語必修一Unit1語法精講：直接引語變間接引語

1、高中英語語法精講高中英語語法精講 必修一必修一Unit1 直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語 主講：高偉老師主講：高偉老師 1.時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)態(tài)變化 1).時(shí)態(tài)需要變化：時(shí)態(tài)需要變化： 2).時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化：時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化： .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)： The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.” The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class. .一般過去時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)： He said to me, “I met you

2、r father.” He told me that he had met my father. 1).時(shí)態(tài)需要變化時(shí)態(tài)需要變化： .一般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)： She said, “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend. .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)： She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said that she had lost a pen .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： She said t

3、o me, “Im studying Japanese these days.” She told me that she was studying Japanese those days. 2).時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化：時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化： a. 直接引語中是：直接引語中是： .客觀真理：客觀真理： “The earth goes around the sun.” said the teacher. The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. .有具體的過去年月日：有具體的過去年月日： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on Ap

4、ril 21,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. .過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)： She said, “They had left when I arrived there.” She said they had left when she arrived there. .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met

5、him in the street. .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式（ought to, had better, used to)或已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)或已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí) (could, should, would, might)： Peter said. “You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day. He said , “I could swim when I was only six.” He said that he could swim when he

6、was only six. .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表示所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效表示所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效)： He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.” He said that he is a boy, not a girl. b. 主句時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)態(tài)(引號(hào)外句子引號(hào)外句子)是：是： .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：一般現(xiàn)

7、在時(shí)。如： He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework. .一般將來時(shí)。如：一般將來時(shí)。如： She will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day. 2.人稱變化 (一般遵循這句順口溜 “一隨主，二隨 賓，第三人稱無變化”) 1).“一隨主一隨主”是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語人稱是第一人稱是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語人稱是第一人稱 或被第一人稱修飾，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要或被第一人稱修飾，變間接引語

8、時(shí)，人稱要 變成引號(hào)外的主語人稱。如：變成引號(hào)外的主語人稱。如： .They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said they would go there by bus. .She said “My sister wants to go with me.” She said (that) her sister wanted to go with her. 2).“二隨賓二隨賓”是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二 人稱修飾，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要變成引號(hào)外的賓語人人稱修飾，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要變成引號(hào)外的

9、賓語人 稱。如果引號(hào)外沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。如：稱。如果引號(hào)外沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。如： .She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” She asked me if I was interested in science. .He said to Kate. How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then. .She said, “Your pronunciation is better than his.” She told me that my p

10、ronunciation was better than his. 3).“第三人稱不用變第三人稱不用變”是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語及賓語是第三是指引號(hào)內(nèi)的主語及賓語是第三 人稱或被第三人稱修飾，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱一般人稱或被第三人稱修飾，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱一般 不需要變化。如：不需要變化。如： .His mother said to me, “He cant go to school.” His mother told me that he couldnt go to school. .Mr Smith said, Jacks brother is a good worker. Mr Smith sa

11、id Jacks brother was a good worker. 3.指示代詞變化指示代詞變化 1).this - that He said, “I want this.” He said that he wanted that. 2).these - those He said, These books are mine.“ He said that those books were his. (如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語中的如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語中的 (come, here, today, this morning, yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改

12、變：等不必改變： Bobs wife said, “Bob, you forgot your wallet this morning.” Bobs wife told Bob that he forgot his wallet this morning. 4.時(shí)間狀語變化時(shí)間狀語變化 1).now - then He said, “I am very busy now.” He said he was very busy then. 2).today - that day Kitty said “Ill call again after supper today.” Kitty said sh

13、e would call again after supper that day. 3).tonight - that night She said, “I will come here again tonight.” She said she would go there again that night. 4).this week (month, etc) - that week (month, etc) “I will take the dictionary home with me this week,” he said. He said that he would take the

14、dictionary home with him that week. 5).yesterday - the day before He said, “I bought a bike yesteray.” He said that he had bought a bike the day before. 6).yestersay morning - the morning before He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.” He said he had arrived the morning before. 7).the day before yest

15、erday - two days before He said, “I saw a film the day before yesteray.” He said that he had seen a film two days before. 8).last week (month, etc) - the week (month, etc) before She said, “He left for Shanghai last week.” She said that he had left for Shanghai the week before. 9).tomorrow - the nex

16、t (following) day She said, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She said that she would do it the next day. 10).tomorrow morning - the next (following) morning She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.” She said that her sister would be back the next morning. 11).the day after tomorrow - in two days ti

17、me She said to me, “I will visit Shanghai the day after tomorrow.” She told me that she would visit Shanghai in two days time. 12).next week (month, etc) - the next (following) week (month, etc) He asked, “Where is she going next week?” He asked her where she was going the next week. 13).a/one year

18、(two years) ago - a/one year (two years) before “What happened to her two years ago?” he asked. He asked (her) what had happened to her two years before. 5.地點(diǎn)狀語變化地點(diǎn)狀語變化 1).here - there 如：如： He said, “Ill come here tonight.” He said he would go there that night. 如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語中的如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖拢Z中的 here不必改變：不必改變： 6.動(dòng)詞變化動(dòng)詞變化 1).bring - take He said, “I will bring the dictionary to you tonight.” He said that he would take the dictionary to me that night. 2).come