被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成及用法詳解

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法詳解 tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be+v.v.samisare+v(p.p)一般將來(lái)時(shí)willbe going tobe (about)to+v.will be +v(p.p)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amisare+v.ingamisare+being+v(p.p)一般過(guò)去時(shí)waswerev.edwaswere+v(p.p)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havehas+v.p.phavehas+been+v(p.p)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+v.p.phad+been+v(p.p)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)waswere+v.ingwaswere+being+v(p.p)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+v(p.p)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2、牢記一點(diǎn)， be加動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。 分析句中主和謂， 承受者作主語(yǔ)即被動(dòng)。 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可忘介、副詞。 另有不及物動(dòng)詞， 只有主動(dòng)無(wú)被動(dòng)。 還要注意其時(shí)態(tài)， 與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)全相同。不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）： appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 結(jié)束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. after

3、the fire, very little remained of my house. 比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。 （錯(cuò)）the price has been risen. （對(duì)）the price has risen. （錯(cuò)）the accident was happened last week. （對(duì)）the accident happened last week. （錯(cuò)）the price has raised. （對(duì)）the price has been raised. （錯(cuò)）please seat. （對(duì)）please

4、 be seated. 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。 2） 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to this key just fits th

5、e lock. 3）系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（“keep”除外）： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn it sounds good. 4）帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： die, death, dream, live, life she dreamed a bad dream last night. 5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 （對(duì)）she likes to swim. （錯(cuò)）to swim is like

6、d by her. 有些動(dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有些動(dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)。在這種情況下，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面；直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加上介詞for/to, etc.。 即：s+v+io+do io+ be done +do do+ be done + prep. +ioe.g. 1) my uncle gave mea gifton my birthday. iwas given a gifton my birthday. a giftwas given tomeon my birthday. 2) we often hear himpl

7、ay guitar. heis often heard to1play guitar. itis often heard fromhimto play guitar. 新被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)get+過(guò)去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而不是動(dòng)作本身。如： the man got hurt on his way home. 那個(gè)男人在回家的路上受傷了。 how did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？ 注意:有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“to”。例如 we heard him singin his room just no

8、w. -he was heard to sing in his room just now. 剛才聽到他在房間中唱歌。 need doing something也表示被動(dòng) 一、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 our classroom is cleaned everyday. i am asked to study hard by my mother. knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 a new shop w

9、as built last year. dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3this book has been translated into many languages. many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 a new hospital will be

10、built in our city. many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 young trees must be watered often. your mistakes should be corrected right now. the door may be locked inside. your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分

11、詞 uncle wang is mending my bike now. my bike is being repaired by tom now. they are planting trees over there. trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 there are two books to be read. there are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎樣把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單，可以遵循以

12、下幾個(gè)步驟： 1. 將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)； 2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，并通過(guò)be的變化來(lái)表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)； 3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~“by”的賓語(yǔ)，組成介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。（有時(shí)“by”的短語(yǔ)可以省略）； 例：1. bruce writes a letter every week. a letter is written by bruce every week. 2. li lei mended the broken bike this morning.the broken bike was mended by li lei this m

13、orning. 3. he has written two novels so far.two novels have been written by him so far. 4. they will plant ten trees tomorrow.ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. lucy is writing a letter now.a letter is being written by lucy now. 6. you must lock the door when you leave.the door must be l

14、ocked when you leave. 三、 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 what will happen in 100 years. the dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 this pen writes well. this new book sells well. 3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上“to”。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+

15、 be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something a girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.my wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. the boss made the little boy do heavy work.the little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)（物）作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。 he gave me a book.a book was given to me by him. he showed me a ticket.a ticket was shown to me by him. my father bought me a new bike. a new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)