鐵道運輸外文翻譯基于多目標規(guī)劃的鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化研究

1、study on layout optimization of passenger station based on multi-objective planningabstractthis paper study on the optimal layout of passenger station and the basic principle of selection location. there are both quantitative index and qualitative index existing in the evaluation indexes of the layo

2、ut of passenger station. to unify the evaluation indexes, this paper establishes a multi-objective planning optimization model of the layout of passenger station, by using the basic idea of multi-objective planning and introducing the effect of targets of the evaluation indexes. in nanning railway t

3、erminal for example, four evaluation indexes: construction investment、operation cost in railway terminal、cost of passenger trip and the other social benefits are determined. calculate respectively all effect of targets of the evaluation indexes and then determine the optimal scheme of the layout of

4、passenger station in nanning railway hub by the total effect of targets after being weighted.keywords-component; multi-objective; passenger station; layout optimizationin the past, paying much attention to improving line carrying capacity and neglecting the carrying capacity of hubs or stations in c

5、hina leaded to the shortage of passenger capacity and the difficulty in meeting the demand of transport market. at present, china is in the primary stage of high-speed railway construction. high-speed railway being introduced into existing railway terminal will break the transport pattern of existin

6、g railway hub and will dramatically change the original railway hub transportation structure、transportation operation mode and transportation path. it is an important question in railway terminal planning to reasonably determine the locations and the number of the high-speed passenger stations in hu

7、b and optimize the layout of passenger stations in terminal.i layout optimization model of passenger station in railway huba. layout of passenger station in railway hub and basic principle of selection location（1）for human-oriented, make the trip distance and time of passenger from the starting poin

8、t to passenger station shortest、the travel cost lowest、the riding most convenient and reduce the passenger transfer or make it more convenient. (including the transfer between one or multiple transport modes)（2）take the market as the direction and make the benefits as the center. passenger station i

9、n city is kind of large infrastructure. inputs and outputs should be the standard of the evaluation of railway operation benefit. at the same time, removal expense which is relative to the selection location of passenger station、investment of civil engineering、completion time of project and some cos

10、t related to project should be brought into the constraint condition of selection location of passenger station. it still needs to compare the operating costs of different schemes of selection location of passenger station.（3）the development of city should be combined with the city planning. it incl

11、udes urban master planning、urban public transport planning、urban rail transit network planning and so on. their evaluation indexes are different. in a word, it should reflect the compatibility between railway station and the city, and guide and advance the development of the transportation of the ci

12、ty. 3 on above foundation of all basic principles, alternatives should be in accordance with the natural distributed discipline of passenger flow, and be beneficial to hub passenger train. they also should make full use of the railway existing equipment and the urban existing collecting and distribu

13、ting centre. at the same time, they should have both good geological conditions and economic environment. b. layout optimization model of passenger station in railway hubthe economic evaluation indexes of layout optimization model of passenger station in railway hub have both quantitative indexes su

14、ch as engineering investment、operating costs and so on and some qualitative indexes which cant be quantified directly such as cooperation with the development planning of city、environment protection and so on. to be convenient to unify quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, establish layout o

15、ptimization model of passenger station below by applying the theory and method of multi-objective planning. （1）in formula: quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes of all design schemes. i evaluation indexes in all;effect of targets of all evaluation indexes（）. it is introduced for be convenient

16、 to unify the dimension of quantitative and qualitative indexes. for the effect of targets of quantitative indexes, determine the corresponding value of zero and one, and then evaluate the value through insertion method. for the qualitative indexes, use the six-degree standard to quantify: best1、bet

17、ter0.8、general0.6、bad0.4、worse0.2、worst0.weight of all evaluation indexes. it can be confirmed by the means of investigation and argumentation and experts. in addition, .total effect of targets of all design schemes. its value determines the final good or bad ranking of all design schemes. ii constr

18、uction scheme of passenger station in nanning railway huba. present situation and future planning of nanning railway hubnanning railway hub is the important regional terminal in southwest railway network. at present, it is connected with three railway main lines: hunan-guilin line、nanning-kunming li

19、ne and nanning-fangchenggang line. the constructing line: liuzhou-nanning passenger dedicated line、nanning-litang railway、yunnan-guilin railway and nanning-qinzhou railway all introduced into nanning hub. recently, there will be jinchengjiang-nanning railway、naning-pingxiang railway and so on introd

20、uced into nanning terminal. at that time, the number of intersection railway lines will be nine in nanning hub. in terminal , therere only one passenger stationnanning station. it has five receiving-departure lines for passenger trains (including main line)、one freight through line、four receiving-de

21、parture concurrently storage sidings、four shunting lines.the population of nanning in downtown is planning to be 69 million in 2010 and 78 million in 2020. the population of the center is planning to be below 21 million in 2010 and below 29 million in 2020.the existing layout of railway terminal is

22、in loop mode. affected by geological condition and features、the limit of removal working, existing passenger station cant be reconstructed in large scale. all of passenger working being concentrated in a station leads large pressure to city traffic. therefore, the layout mode should be that disperse

23、 several centers in different places. that needs new passenger stations to satisfy the operating demand.b. scheme of passenger station in nanning railway hubthe recent passenger volume in nanning terminal is 8 billion per year and the long-term will be 17 billion per year. affected by geological con

24、dition, nanning station cannot satisfy the passenger demand of terminal. with the construction of south-north intercity railroad in nanning railway terminal, the terminal passenger system will gradually form the “l(fā)oop” pattern of “the main in north and the minor in south” by south-north loop line.ac

25、cording to the principle of selection and location of passenger station in hub, come up with three alternatives for the south-north passenger station: reconstructing nanning station（1）、new building nahuang station（2）、new building fengling station（3）. 3 iii evaluation index of construction scheme of

26、passenger station in nanning railway terminala. costs of engineering investmentcalculate the investment of line、demolition、land expropriation、bridge、tunnels of the construction scheme of passenger station. the costs of engineering investment of all schemes are presented in table 1.table 1 main engin

27、eering investment of alternative stations（10 thousand yuan）number of alternative stationscosts11026432172605.23155476.2b. operating costs in terminal in formula:jthe number of passenger stations in hub;kthe direction in hub;ldifferent trains in hub, including high-speed train and normal-speed train;

28、the number of passengers in l kind train which is from j station to k direction of hub;the distance of l kind train which is from j station to k direction of hub in terminal;the unit operating cost of l kind train.in accordance with the cost of one person per kilometer, the operating cost of taking

29、normal passenger train is 0.078yuan per person in one kilometer. the operating cost of taking high-speed train-set is 0.094yuan per person in one kilometer.for three alternative stations, the distance of different kinds of trains to each direction is listed in table 2 and the operating costs of diff

30、erent passenger station in hub are presented in table 3. table 2 the shortest path of alternative stations in accordance with direction（km）kind of trainstraction by normal-speed traindirection of kunmingdirection of qinzhoudirection oflitangstation 110.51926.5station 201418station 3202917kind of tra

31、instraction by high-speed train-setdirection of kunmingdirection of qinzhoudirection oflitangstation 110.51926.5station 201418station 3202917c. costs of passenger tripsin formula:cost of passenger going to station;total number of passengers from i district to j station for taking different kinds of

32、trains (including high-speed train and normal-speed train);unit cost of passenger trips from i district to j station for taking trains.table 3 operating costs in hub (10 thousand yuan)scheme of passenger stationcoststwo stations（1、2）10041.6three stations（1、2、3）7946.7according to the administrative r

33、egion planning in nanning downtown、the distribution of railways and rivers, nanning can be distributed into six residents trip districts.table 4 costs from trip districts to alternative station (yuan)alternative station 1alternative station 2alternative station 2district 1153025district 2102020distr

34、ict 315515district 4301020district 515105district 65255table 5 the number of passengers taking normal-speed train of trip districts (10 thousand person per year)district123456the numberof passengers868.1473.5381.4420.9578.7463.4after evaluated, costs of trip of layout scheme of passenger station are

35、 listed in table 7.d. the other social benefits by applying the three-station scheme（1、2、3）, it is convenient to arrange the task of different stations in hub .the car flows travel smoothly in hub and it is convenient for passengers to take trains. the two-station scheme （1、2）cant consider partial r

36、egions of the city and the contact between stations is not frequent and it is not convenient for passengers to go out.table 6 the number of intercity passengers of trip districts (10 thousand person per year)district123456the numberof passengers1195.1651.9525.1579.5796.8645.5table 7 trip costs of pa

37、ssengers in terminal (10 thousand yuan) schemecoststwo stations（1、2）121420.5three stations（1、2、3）118711.2iv selection of optimization scheme of the layout of passenger station in nanning huba. costs of engineering investmenttable 8 costs of engineering investment（10 thousand yuan） schemecosts of inv

38、estment two stations（1、2）275248.2three stations（1、2、3）430724.4evaluate the corresponding effect of targets of the layout scheme of passenger station by using linear model. supposed when =520 billion yuan, equals zero and when =200 billion yuan, equals one. then layout schemes of all passenger statio

39、ns will be evaluated. the results are listed in table 9.b. operating costs in hub operating costs of layout schemes of passenger station in hub are presented in table 3. supposed when =12 billion, equals zero and when =6 billion, equals one. then calculate the layout scheme of passenger station by l

40、inear relationship. the results are listed in table 10.table 9 effect of targets of engineering investment scheme effect of targets two stations（1、2）0.765three stations（1、2、3）0.279table 10 effect of targets of operating cost in hub schemeeffect of targets two stations（1、2）0.326three stations（1、2、3）0

41、.676c. costs of passenger tripcosts of passenger trip are shown in table 7. supposed when =150 billion, equals zero and when =80 billion, equals one. then calculate the layout scheme of passenger station by linear relationship. the results are listed in table 11.table 11 effect of targets of passeng

42、er trip schemeeffect of targets two stations（1、2）0.408three stations（1、2、3）0.447d. the other social benefits e. determine the weight of each evaluation index by combining all evaluation indexes with a certain number of experts suggestions, the weight of each evaluation index is determined: 0.5、0.1、0

43、.3、0.1.f. the optimal layout scheme of passenger stationcomprehensive above results, evaluate the total effect of targets of layout scheme of passenger station in nanning railway terminal. the results are listed in table 13.table 12 effect of targets of the other social benefits scheme effect of tar

44、getstwo stations（1、2）0.7three stations（1、2、3）0.9table 13 effect of targets of layout scheme of passenger stationtwo stations（1、2）three stations（1、2、3）0.7650.2790.50.3260.6760.10.4080.4470.30.70.90.10.60750.4312because the total effect of targets of two-station scheme is bigger than the one of three-

45、station scheme, the optimal scheme is two-station scheme. that is reconstructing nanning station and new building nahuang station.the reconstruction and removal engineering are in large scale. to control the scale of nanning station effectively, add five intermediate platforms and ten arrival-depart

46、ure tracks to form fifteen mesas in scale. at the same time, build passenger coach preparing station and motor train-set application station. in nahuang station, construct five arrival-departure tracks(including main line)、one basic platform、one intermediate platform、eight long-term reservation arri

47、val-departure tracks 、four intermediate platforms and reserve motor train-set storage yard towards the station house. 基于多目標規(guī)劃的鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化研究摘 要：本文研究鐵路樞紐內(nèi)客運站布局及選址基本原則，客運站布局評價指標既有定量指標也有定性指標，為統(tǒng)一評價指標，本文運用多目標規(guī)劃的基本思想，引入了評價指標的目標效應(yīng)值，建立了多目標規(guī)劃的客運站布局優(yōu)化模型。以南寧鐵路樞紐為例，確定了工程投資、樞紐內(nèi)運營成本、旅客出行費用、其他社會效益4個評價指標，分別計算各評價指標的目

48、標效應(yīng)值，通過加權(quán)后的總目標效應(yīng)值，確定了南寧鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化方案。關(guān)鍵詞：多目標；客運站；布局優(yōu)化過去我國鐵路客運建設(shè)重視提高線路通過能力，忽視樞紐及車站等點的通過能力，導致客運能力不足，難以滿足運輸市場需求。目前我國正處于高速鐵路建設(shè)的高峰時期，高速鐵路引入既有鐵路樞紐將打破既有鐵路樞紐運輸格局，使原有鐵路樞紐運輸結(jié)構(gòu)、運輸組織方式以及運輸徑路產(chǎn)生很大變化。合理確定樞紐內(nèi)高速客運站的位置及數(shù)量，優(yōu)化樞紐內(nèi)客運站布局，是鐵路樞紐規(guī)劃的重要問題。1 鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化模型1.1鐵路樞紐客運站布局及選址基本原則（1）以人為本，使乘客從出發(fā)點至客運站的出行距離和時間最短、出行費用最省、乘

49、車方便，并減少和方便旅客換乘（含1種和多種運輸方式間換乘）；（2）以市場為導向，以經(jīng)濟效益為中心。城市客運站是大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，投入和產(chǎn)出應(yīng)成為鐵路運營效益評價的標準，同時與客運站選址相關(guān)的拆遷費、土建工程投資、建設(shè)工期等項目相關(guān)費用應(yīng)納入客運站選址的約束條件，還應(yīng)比較不同客運站選址方案的運營費用；（3）與城市發(fā)展和規(guī)劃相結(jié)合，包括城市總體規(guī)劃、城市公共交通規(guī)劃、城市軌道交通線網(wǎng)規(guī)劃等等，其評價指標各有不同，總之要體現(xiàn)鐵路客運站與城市相容，可引導和推動城市交通的發(fā)展?！?】在以上基本原則基礎(chǔ)上，備選方案應(yīng)符合客流自然集散規(guī)律，有利于樞紐客車開行，充分利用鐵路既有設(shè)備和城市既有的集散中心，同時應(yīng)具備

50、良好的地質(zhì)條件和經(jīng)濟環(huán)境。1.2鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化模型 鐵路樞紐客運站布局優(yōu)化的經(jīng)濟評價指標既有定量指標，如工程投資、運營費用等；還有一些無法直接定量的定性指標，如與城市發(fā)展規(guī)劃配合、環(huán)境保護等。為便于統(tǒng)一定量與定性指標，應(yīng)用多目標規(guī)劃的原理與方法建立如下客運站布局優(yōu)化模型： （1）式中 各設(shè)計方案的定量及定性評價指標，共有i個評價指標；各評價指標的目標效應(yīng)值（），此值的引入為了便于統(tǒng)一定量與定性指標的量綱；對定量指標的目標效應(yīng)值，可確定0和1對應(yīng)的量，然后通過插入法求值；對于定性指標，可用五度標來定量：好1，較好0.8，一般0.6，較壞0.4，壞0.2，極壞0；各評價指標的權(quán)重，可通過調(diào)

51、查論證及專家確定大小，且；各設(shè)計方案的總效應(yīng)值，其大小決定各設(shè)計方案的最終優(yōu)劣排序。2 南寧鐵路樞紐客運站建設(shè)方案2.1南寧鐵路樞紐現(xiàn)狀及規(guī)劃南寧鐵路樞紐是西南鐵路網(wǎng)中的重要地區(qū)性樞紐，現(xiàn)銜接湘桂、南昆、南防三大鐵路干線，已開工建設(shè)的柳南客運專線、南黎鐵路、云桂鐵路、南欽鐵路均引入南寧樞紐，近期還有金南鐵路、南憑鐵路等將引入南寧樞紐，在南寧交匯的鐵路線將達9條。樞紐中只有南寧站一個客運站，有客車到發(fā)線5條（含正線）、貨車通過線1條及貨車到發(fā)兼存車線4條，調(diào)車線4條。南寧市區(qū)人口規(guī)劃2010、2020年市區(qū)人口分別達到690、780萬人；中心城人口2010年控制在210萬人，2020年控制在29

52、0萬人。鐵路樞紐既有布局以呈環(huán)狀式，既有客運站（南寧站）受地形、地物以及拆遷工作限制已無法大規(guī)模改擴建，客運作業(yè)集中一站，對城市交通產(chǎn)生巨大壓力，因此南寧鐵路樞紐客運站布局應(yīng)為多中心分散布局模式，即需新客運站滿足運營的要求。2.2南寧鐵路樞紐客運站方案南寧樞紐客運量近期0.8億人/年，遠期1.7億人/年。南寧站受地形限制，無法滿足樞紐客運需求。南寧鐵路樞紐隨著近期南北城際鐵路建設(shè)，樞紐客運系統(tǒng)將逐步形成“北主南次”、南北環(huán)線構(gòu)成的“環(huán)形”格局。根據(jù)樞紐客運站選址原則，對南環(huán)線客運站提出采用以下3個備選方案：改建南寧站（1）、新建那黃站（2）、新建鳳嶺站（3）。3 南寧鐵路樞紐客運站建設(shè)方案評價指標3.1工程投資費用 對各客運站建設(shè)方案的線路、拆遷、征地、橋梁、隧道等投資綜合計算，各方案所需工程投資費用如表1所示。表1 備選站主要工程投資表