國際結(jié)算(雙語)

1、International Settlements 國際結(jié)算 國際結(jié)算課程的性質(zhì) 國際結(jié)算是國際金融學(xué)的一個分支, 從微觀角度探討國際間貨幣運動的理論 與實務(wù)問題,主要研究結(jié)算工具,結(jié)算方 式和以銀行為中心的資金劃撥清算,其 主要目的在于以最科學(xué),最有效的方法 來清算國與國之間以貨幣表現(xiàn)的債權(quán)債 務(wù)關(guān)系. 國際結(jié)算課程的性質(zhì) 國際結(jié)算商業(yè)銀行國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)緊 密相關(guān)的,注重理論在實際業(yè)務(wù)中應(yīng)用, 具有很強的專業(yè)性和實務(wù)可操作性,也 是一門適應(yīng)我國銀行業(yè)務(wù)與國際銀行業(yè) 務(wù)接軌需要, 與國際慣例緊密聯(lián)系,具有 很強國際性的專業(yè)課程. 國際結(jié)算課程的目的 通過國際結(jié)算的教學(xué),要求學(xué)生能 夠掌握國際結(jié)算

2、的基本理論,基本知識 和基本技能;做到理論與實際相結(jié)合,能 夠運用理論知識為指導(dǎo)進行國際結(jié)算的 實務(wù)操作的實用型、實踐型、實干型人 才。 國際結(jié)算課程所處的位置 先修課程為貨幣銀行學(xué)、貨幣金 融學(xué)、國際金融學(xué)；后續(xù)課程包 括外匯銀行會計,國際融資實 務(wù)、進出口單證實務(wù)等 國際結(jié)算的教學(xué)重點 以課堂講授為主 課程的重點有兩個： 一是國際結(jié)算方式,即匯款,托收,信用證; 二是國際結(jié)算單據(jù).通過案例教學(xué),實訓(xùn) 室軟件模擬操作,習(xí)題練習(xí)等辦法解決. About the course International settlements is a course of integrated theory（一

3、（一 體化理論）體化理論） with practice. It puts emphasis on the application of theory into actual business operations. Importer/ Importer/ Buyer Buyer ExporterExporter s s bankbank FundsFunds Goods/commoditiesGoods/commodities Exporter/ Exporter/ Seller Seller ImporterImporter s s bankbank Basic procedure of i

4、nternational settlements Shipping Co. FundsFunds GoodsGoods About the course International settlements is also a course of our country s banking business linking up with the world s banking business , it lays stress on handling international business in English in accordance with international pract

5、ice . Our Purpose For the sake of helping students to learn international settlements and to have a good grasp of basic theory , elementary knowledge and fundamental technical ability of this course ,so we teach partly in English . What will you learn in this course? 1. Three financial instruments:

6、bill of exchange（匯票）（匯票）, promissory note（本票）（本票）, check (cheque支票支票) 2. Three main international settlement methods remittance（匯款）（匯款）, collection（托收）（托收）, letter of credit（信用（信用 證）證） 3. Other documents commercial invoice（發(fā)票）（發(fā)票）, transport documents（運輸單（運輸單 據(jù)）據(jù)）, insurance documents（保險單）（保險單） 4. I

7、nternational customs and practice for international settlements URC522（托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則）（托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則）, UCP600（跟單信用證慣例）（跟單信用證慣例） How to study this course? 提前預(yù)習(xí)與課后復(fù)習(xí)結(jié)合; 理論知識與實務(wù)操作結(jié)合； 考勤和平時作業(yè)考察與考試相結(jié)合. Outline Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement Chapter 2. Instruments Chapter 3. Remittance Chapter 4. Co

8、llection Chapter 5. Letters of Credit Chapter 6. Documents Related to International Settlement and Examination Chapter 7. Other Methods of Settlement System Chapter 8. International Non-Trade Finances 1國際結(jié)算概述 2國際結(jié)算票據(jù) 票據(jù)基本知識 匯票及案例 本票及案例 支票及案例 3國際結(jié)算方式 匯款及案例 托收及案例 信用證及案例 銀行保函、備用信用證及案例 5國際非貿(mào)易結(jié)算資 單據(jù)的基本知識

9、 單據(jù)的審核及案例 單據(jù)制作及范例 4國際結(jié)算單據(jù) Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement 國際結(jié)算概述 In this chapter，you will learn： 1.1 Definition 1.2 Types of International Settlement 1.3 History and Development of International Settlement 1.4 Major Points Concerning International settlements 1.5 Bank relationshi

10、ps in international Settlements The origin Most international settlements originate from transaction in the world trade. International political, economic and cultural exchange inevitably leads to credits and debts owed by one country to another. 是一個國家由于對外貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟合作以及政 治穩(wěn)獲交流活動而發(fā)生的以貨幣表現(xiàn)的款項 收付或債權(quán)債務(wù)結(jié)算。 Im

11、porter/ Importer/ Buyer Buyer ExporterExporter s s bankbank FundsFunds Goods/commoditiesGoods/commodities Exporter/ Exporter/ Seller Seller ImporterImporter s s bankbank Basic procedure of international settlements Shipping Co. FundsFunds GoodsGoods 1.1 Definition International payments and settleme

12、nts are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts，debts，claims，etc financial financial intermediaryintermediary convertible convertible currencycurrency 所謂國際結(jié)算，是指為清償國際間的債權(quán)債務(wù)

13、 關(guān)系而發(fā)生在不同國家之間的貨幣收付活動 Principle for International settlements Each currency is cleared within the boundary of the issuing country. A Co.(exporter) USA B Co.(importer) Japan Chemical Bank USA Sumitomo Bank Japan Currency: Convertible Currency (1) Convertible currency in export country. (2) Convertible

14、 currency in import country. (3) Convertible currency in third country, generally referred to US currency. Absolutely convertible currency Limited Convertible currency Unconvertible currency ? ? ? Convertible Currency 可兌換貨幣也稱自由外匯，是指一種貨 幣只要不受限制可以自由兌換成其他貨 幣，即為可兌換貨幣。作為可兌換貨幣 必須具備以下三個條件： （1）它能自由兌換成其他貨幣；

15、（2）它對國際性經(jīng)常項目（即貿(mào)易與非 貿(mào)易項目）的支付不受限制； （3）該貨幣國的管理當(dāng)局不采用或不實 行多種匯率制度或差別匯率制度。 國際結(jié)算中貨幣的使用原則： 出口“硬幣”， 進口“軟幣” 非貿(mào)易收款“硬幣”， 非貿(mào)易付款軟幣； 引進外資軟幣 也就是 收入“硬幣” 支出“軟幣” 預(yù)先付款預(yù)先付款 裝運時付款裝運時付款 裝運后付款裝運后付款 交單后付款交單后付款 交單前預(yù)付交單前預(yù)付 交單時付款交單時付款 國國 際際 結(jié)結(jié) 算算 方方 式式 付付 款款 時時 間間 1.2 Types of International Settlement Most international payment

16、s originate from transactions in the world Trade. They are money transfers as a result of international clearing, such as: International trade settlement國際貿(mào)易 結(jié)算 International non-trade settlement國際 非貿(mào)易結(jié)算 .Current Account 1. Goods Buyer:address, telex/fax Goods Quality clause:the goods description, q

17、uality,specifications Quantity clause:weight, numbers, length, dimension, volume, capacity Packing clause:mode of packing, and its material Price clause:unit price, pricing currency , price terms used Deliver terms:time of delivery, port of loading and destination, transshipment, partial shipment ,m

18、ode of transportation Insurance clause:risks to be covered, the percentage of insurance Payment clause:payment method and its content Commodity inspection clause:how the right of inspection is determined,k the time, place and organization of inspection Claim clause , arbitration clause Size of the b

19、ank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and personnel; Momentum of early start, etc. Agency arrangement Control documents Establish a correspondent relationship between two banks. What do control documents include? Con

20、trol Documents Lists of specimen of authorized signatures印鑒印鑒 Verify the messages, letters(airmailed) are authentic Telegraphic test keys密押密押 Verify the telex and cable are authentic Terms and conditions費率表費率表 SWIFT authentic key驗證碼驗證碼 是銀行列示的所有有權(quán)簽字的人的有權(quán)簽字額度、簽字范圍、 有效簽字組合方式以及親筆簽字字樣。代理行可憑其核對對 方銀行發(fā)來的電報、

21、電傳等的真實性。 是兩家代理行之間事先約定的專用押碼，在發(fā)送電報時，由 發(fā)送電報的銀行在電文前面加注，經(jīng)接受電報的銀行核對相 符，用以確認電報的真實性。 服務(wù)項目服務(wù)項目收費標(biāo)準收費標(biāo)準 匯出境外匯款匯出境外匯款 電匯電匯 匯款金額的匯款金額的 11，最低，最低5050元元/ /筆，最高筆，最高10001000元元/ /筆，另加收電訊費筆，另加收電訊費 票匯、信匯票匯、信匯 匯款金額的匯款金額的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /筆，最高筆，最高12001200元元/ /筆，另加收郵費（如有）筆，另加收郵費（如有） 外幣光票托收外幣光票托收 光票托收光票托收 托收金額的托收金額的 11，最

22、低，最低5050元元/ /筆，最高筆，最高10001000元元/ /筆，另加收郵費筆，另加收郵費 買入外幣票據(jù)買入外幣票據(jù) 買入票據(jù)買入票據(jù) 票據(jù)金額的票據(jù)金額的 7.57.5，最低，最低5050元元/ /筆筆 現(xiàn)鈔托收現(xiàn)鈔托收 100100元元/ /筆，另加收郵費筆，另加收郵費 進口托收進口托收 進口代收金額的進口代收金額的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /筆，最高筆，最高20002000元元/ /筆筆 跟單托收跟單托收 代收金額的代收金額的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /筆，最高筆，最高20002000元元/ /筆，另加收郵費筆，另加收郵費 Bank of China (3)

23、Inter-bank account A current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an account in its correspondent bank, must be aware of the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial

24、deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent. Depositor Depository Bank Current a/c XXX Depositor Bank Current a/c XXX Depository Bank 賬戶行賬戶行 開戶行開戶行 存款客戶存款客戶 賬戶行賬戶行 Nostr

25、o account往賬 The Italian word “Nostro” means “our”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.我行在它行開立的存款賬戶我行在它行開立的存款賬戶 Vostro account來賬 The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. The

26、Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行開立的存款賬戶它行在我行開立的存款賬戶 Nostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settle

27、ments. From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, denominated in foreign currency. USD Account Bank of New York Bank of China 往往 賬賬 A BankB Bank Current a/c XXX B Banks currency A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c Nostro Vostro account: is the domest

28、ic currency account (due to account) held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank. From the point of view of Bank of China, a vostro account is an overseas banks account with us, denominated in RMB. Bank of China Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,Ltd., Hong Kong RMB Account 來來 賬賬 A BankB

29、 Bank Current a/c XXX A Banks currency A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c, Vostro Exercise: Services provided by correspondents (1) Collecting checks, drafts, and other credit instruments; (2) Making loan or investments as agent for their customer banks; (3) Making credit investigations of firms that borrow in

30、 the open market; (4) Providing banks with foreign exchange facilities, including commercial and travelers checks; (5) Providing banks with funds/loans in case of need. Attention: Major Points Concerning International Payments and Settlements are: 國際支付與結(jié)算應(yīng)注意的主要問題 (1)International payment and settlem

31、ent methods； (2)The financial instruments that facilitate international payments and settlements； (3)Documents used in international payments and settlements； (4)The currencies used in international payments and settlements； (5)Rules and regulations on international payments and settlements Thinking

32、 1、什么是國際結(jié)算？其發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了哪 幾個階段？ 2、國際結(jié)算的特征是什么？ 3、簡述銀行海外機構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)成。 4、國際結(jié)算的三種基本結(jié)算方式是什 么？ Chapter 2. Instruments 信用工具 In this chapter，you will learn： 2.1 credit instrument 2.1.1Definition of credit instrument 2.1.2The functions of a negotiable instrument 2.1.3The characteristics of each instrument 2.1.4Instrumen

33、ts law system 2.2 The three important negotiable instruments： Bill of exchange，promissory note and cheque, The essentials of each instrument 2.1 credit instrument 2.1.1 Definition of credit instrument A credit instrument is a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one

34、person to another. Credit instruments most commonly used in international payments and settlements are bills of exchange, promissory notes and checks. They are also known, negotiable instruments. Credit instruments may also take such forms as travelers cheque, certificates of deposit， treasury bills

35、, treasury bonds, etc. Instruments characteristic: 1)Negotiability 2)Non-causative Nature 3)Requisite in Form 4)Presentment 5)Return-ability 流通性流通性 無因性無因性 要式性要式性 提示性提示性 返還性返還性 Negotiable Instrument A negotiable instrument is a chose in action, the full and legal title to which is transferable by del

36、ivery of the instrument (possibly with the transferors endorsement) with the result that complete ownership of the instrument and all the property it represents passes freely from equities to the transferee, providing the latter takes the instrument in good faith and for value. Negotiable instrument

37、 in broad sense Two words relative to transfer a negotiable instrument 流通票據(jù)是一種法定的財產(chǎn)，這種流通票據(jù)是一種法定的財產(chǎn)，這種 財產(chǎn)的全部或法定的權(quán)益可以通過財產(chǎn)的全部或法定的權(quán)益可以通過 交付進行轉(zhuǎn)讓（可以憑轉(zhuǎn)讓方的背交付進行轉(zhuǎn)讓（可以憑轉(zhuǎn)讓方的背 書），其轉(zhuǎn)讓的結(jié)果是只要受讓人書），其轉(zhuǎn)讓的結(jié)果是只要受讓人 是正當(dāng)取得或者支付對價而取得該是正當(dāng)取得或者支付對價而取得該 財產(chǎn)，該票據(jù)的全部所有權(quán)及其所財產(chǎn)，該票據(jù)的全部所有權(quán)及其所 代表的財產(chǎn)權(quán)益將轉(zhuǎn)移給受讓人。代表的財產(chǎn)權(quán)益將轉(zhuǎn)移給受讓人。 conprehensiv

38、e 廣義的票據(jù) 狹義的票據(jù) 泛指一切有價證券和各種憑證 以支付金錢為目的的 可以轉(zhuǎn)讓流通的特種證券 狹義票據(jù)是國際結(jié)算的重要工具: Bill of Exchange(匯票)、 Promissory Note(本票)和 Cheque(支票)。 Instruments characteristic: 1) Negotiability流通性流通性 A negotiable bill may be payable to the order of a specified person. A negotiable bill may be payable to bearer. A bill on which

39、 the only or last endorsement is an endorsement in blank may be negotiable. A bill payable to a specified person does not contain words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intention that it should not be transferable , it may also be negotiable. Bill of exchange 匯票匯票 Check/cheque支票支票 Promissory No

40、te本票本票 Dividend warrant 股利單股利單 Bearer bond 不記名債券不記名債券(流通債券流通債券) Bearer scrips 持有人憑證持有人憑證 Debenture payable to bearer 不記名信用債券不記名信用債券 Share warrant payable to bearer 不記名股份證書不記名股份證書 Treasury bill 國庫券國庫券 Certificate of deposit 存單存單 Kinds of negotiable instrument in broad sense Instruments characteristic

41、: 2)Non-Causative Nature無因性無因性 The reason(s) of issue or endorse need not to write on the face of the bill. 3) Requisite in Form要式性要式性 The bill must contains the prerequisite items required by the law. Instruments characteristic: 4）presentment提示性提示性 Present for payment Present for acceptance 5）Retur

42、n ability返還性返還性 Return them back to issuer Functions of Instruments 1) As a means of payment 2) As a credit instrument 3) As a transferable instrument Instruments law system 1)British and USA legal system:the British Commonwealth of Nations and USA. British Legal System “Bill of Exchange Act”,1882,

43、drafted by Chambers; Article 172: Bill of Exchange Article 73 82: Cheque Article 83 89: Promissory Note Article 90 97: Cheque (1957 Revision) USA legal system “Uniform Negotiable Instrument Law,drafted by Crawford; “Uniform Commercial Code”: Chapter 3:Commercial Paper Instruments law system 2)Contin

44、ental legal system: the main countries in the European Continent. “Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes”, signed at Geneva, 1930 “Uniform Law for Cheques”, signed at Geneva, 1931 2.2 The three important negotiable instruments： (1) Bill of exchange匯票匯票 (2) Promissory note 本票本票 (3) C

45、heque 支票支票 Review回顧 一、Definition of credit instrument票據(jù)的概念? conprehensive 廣義的票據(jù) 狹義的票據(jù) 泛指一切有價證券和各種憑證 以支付金錢為目的的 可以轉(zhuǎn)讓流通的特種證券 狹義票據(jù)是國際結(jié)算的重要工具: Bill of Exchange(匯票)、 Promissory Note(本票)和 Cheque(支票)。 二、票據(jù)的特性二、票據(jù)的特性: 1)Negotiability 2)Non-causative Nature 3)Requisite in Form 4)Presentment 5)Return-ability 流

46、通性流通性 無因性無因性 要式性要式性 提示性提示性 返還性返還性 Promissory Note For USD99,999.00 New York, April 1, 2001 On the 20th June 2001 fixed by the promissory note we promise to pay BA the sum Of ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine US Dollars only For and on behalf of DC (signed) we promise to pay Maker and

47、 payer are the same person 支票存根支票存根 第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 匯票匯票 一、Bill of Exchange /Draft/Exchange 匯票的定義 二、Essentials of a bill of exchange匯票 的要式項目 三、Acts of a bill of exchange匯票的票 據(jù)行為 四、Types of bill of exchange匯票種類 一、匯票一、匯票Bill of Exchange /Draft/Exchange As in the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 A bill of exchange is

48、 an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person , or to the bearer. 匯票是由出票人向

49、另一人簽發(fā)的，要求即期、定匯票是由出票人向另一人簽發(fā)的，要求即期、定 期或在可以確定的將來的時間，向某人或其指定期或在可以確定的將來的時間，向某人或其指定 人或來人無條件地支付一定金額的書面命令。人或來人無條件地支付一定金額的書面命令。 Three basic parties drawer出票人出票人 drawee Payee 收款人收款人 payer 付款人付款人 Present for payment Present for acceptance issue Nature: unconditional order in writing Basic three parties Tenor A

50、mount How to understand the definition of a bill of exchange? drawer drawee payee on demand/at sight fixed future time determinable future time amount in figures amount in words 二、 Essentials of a bill of exchange匯票的基本項匯票的基本項 目目(必要項目必要項目) The word “Exchange”匯票字樣匯票字樣 An unconditional order in writing

51、無條件支付命令無條件支付命令 Amount 金額金額 Tenor 付款期限付款期限 Date and place of Issue出票時間地點出票時間地點 Name and address of the drawee 付款人名稱地址付款人名稱地址 Name or business entity of the payee 收款人名稱收款人名稱 Drawers signature(s)出票人簽名出票人簽名 specimen 匯票字樣匯票字樣 無條件支付命令無條件支付命令 金額金額 Tenor 付款期限付款期限 出票時間地點出票時間地點 付款人名稱地址付款人名稱地址 收款人收款人 名稱地址名稱地址

52、出票人及簽名出票人及簽名 An unconditional order in writing *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. *Order: It must be expressed in command . *In writing: You can draw and read a bill of draft. 須用須用祈使句型祈使句型： At_ sight pay to AAA Co. or order the sum of five thousand US dollars only。 而不應(yīng)使用帶有而不應(yīng)使用帶有“I s

53、hould be please if you would kindly pay”等虛擬文句等虛擬文句。 *Order:Correct writing *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. 不允許出現(xiàn)任何限制支付的文句或附帶 條件。 如“Pay to B Company one thousand US dollars after it makes a blank endorsement on the back of the draft” 即不符合匯票的這一要式規(guī)定 *Unconditional:Condition terms can

54、not be accepted. 若支付命令指示從某特定賬戶中支付款 項，如“Pay B company the sum of one thousand US dollars from your N0.3 account”， 表明匯票款項的支付取決于該賬戶中是 否有足夠的款額，所以該項命令違背了 “無條件支付”要式規(guī)定。 *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. 匯票中加列表明匯票開立原因的出票條 款，如在國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中，出票人常在 匯票中加列諸如“Drawn under documentary credit N0.1357 of C

55、 Bank” 之類出票條款， 仍符合無條件支付命令的要式規(guī)定。此 類匯票仍具有法律效力。 Make choice of whether the following bills are acceptable or not. Mark “X” before acceptable or unacceptable you choose. Explain the reason how do you make the choice? (1) A bill shows : Pay to ABC Co. providing the goods in compliance with contract No. 1

56、23 the sum of one thousand US dollars. It is acceptable/acceptable/unacceptableunacceptable X (2) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of ten thousand US dollars on condition that shipment of goods has been made. It is acceptable/unacceptable. (3) A bill shows: Pay from our No. 2 account to ABC Co.

57、the sum of one thousand US dollars. It is acceptable/unacceptable. X X (4) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of one thousand US dollars and chargedebit same to applicants account maintained with you. It is acceptable/unacceptable. (5) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of one thousand US dollar

58、s drawn under L/C No. 13234 issued by XYZ Bank New York dated on 15 August 200X. It is acceptable/unacceptable. X X Tenor S Si ig gh ht t b bi il ll l 定定期期付付款款 匯匯票票 板板期期付付款款匯匯票票 延延期期付付款款匯匯票票 U Us sa an nc ce e b bi il ll l 見見票票遠遠期期 匯匯票票 出出票票遠遠期期 匯匯票票 固固定定日日期期后后 遠遠期期匯匯票票 At xx days/xx months after si

59、ght pay to_ At xx days/xx months after date pay to_ At xx days/xx months after 10, July pay to_ At xx days after the date of Bills of Lading pay to_ At xx days after presentation of documents pay to_ On 24, January fixed pay to_ At sight pay to On demand pay to On presentation pay to Pay to Tenor 付款

60、期限付款期限 到期日計算口訣 “算尾不算頭算尾不算頭；月為日歷月月為日歷月, ,月月 之同日為到期日，無同日即月之同日為到期日，無同日即月 之末日付款之末日付款；假日順延假日順延 ?！?a“At _ days after sight/date” 16, May 31, May，16 days； 1, June 30, June，30 days； 604614 the maturity date is 14, July. At 60 days sight, acceptance date is 15, May. b.“after _month(s)” At one month after 15