2020-2021學年高中英語 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS課時作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

1、2020-2021學年高中英語 unit 1 science and scientists課時作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第二冊2020-2021學年高中英語 unit 1 science and scientists課時作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第二冊年級：姓名：unit 1science and scientists(滿分：120分建議用時：120分鐘)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題25分， 滿分375分)閱讀下列短文， 從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中選出最佳選項。ahow cool can libraries be in an era(時代)of ipods a

2、nd kindles？more than you think. only if you know where to go. central library：seattle, washington, united statesthe central library in seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. it was designed by dutch architect rem koolhaas and american

3、 designer joshua ramus. tours began in 2006，two years after its opening. the library holds various art exhibitions，book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime. trinity college library：dublin, irelandthe trinity col

4、lege library in dublin is the oldest library in ireland, founded in 1592 by queen elizabeth it is the largest single library in the world, also known as the long room, which contains more than 200,000 of the librarys oldest books. the long room houses one of the oldest harps(豎琴)in ireland. dating ba

5、ck to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol of ireland. geisel library, university of california: san diego, united statesat first glance，it looks like a spaceship. architect william pereira，who helped design actual space launch facilities at cape canaveral in houston, texas, de

6、signed the library in 1970it has been featured in scifi films, short stories and novels. the library hosts “dinner in the library”， which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguished authors. tu delft library：delft, netherlandsthe library at the delft university of tec

7、hnology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum. the building itself exists beneath the ground，so you cant really see the actual library. what makes it interesting is the roof，which is a grassy hill. the roof covers 5,500 square meter

8、s. and it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area. ()1which of the four libraries has the longest history?acentral library. btrinity college library. cgeisel library. dtu delft library. ()2what makes geisel library different from the others is that_. afamous writers o

9、ften deliver speeches therebit has a roof of grassy hillcqueen elizabeth i founded the librarydit is the largest single library in the world()3in central library，you can_. abuy souvenirsbdrink cocktailscenjoy scifi filmsdsee the old harp【語篇導讀】本文是應用文。文章介紹了四座世界聞名的圖書館，表明在信息時代，圖書館以自己的方式彰顯了其特有的魅力。1b細節(jié)理解題

10、。根據(jù)全文可知，美國中央圖書館于2004年開放；三一學院圖書館成立于1592年；蓋澤爾圖書館是在1970被設(shè)計的；代爾夫特理工大學圖書館于1997年被建造。因此三一學院圖書館的歷史最悠久。2a細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“the library hosts dinner in the library，which invites readers for cocktails，and also a special speech from distinguished authors. ”可知，四個選項中只有a項為蓋澤爾圖書館的特點。3a細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“. . . and scan thr

11、ough the gift shop anytime. ”可知，人們可以在中央圖書館買到紀念品。bedwin hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. today, other astronomers continue the work he began. many of them are using the hubble space telescope that is named after him. edwin powell hubble was born in 1889 in marshfield, missouri

12、. he spent his early years in the state of kentucky. then he moved with his family to chicago, in louisville. he attended the university of chicago. he studied mathematics and astronomy. hubble was a good student. he was a good athlete, too. he was a member of the university of chicago championship

13、basketball team in 1909. he also was an excellent boxer. several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. instead, he decided to continue his studies. he went to queens college at oxford, england. at oxford, hubble studied law. he was interested in briti

14、sh common law, because his family had come to america from england many years before. he spent three years at oxford. in 1913, hubble returned to the united states. he opened a law office in louisville, kentucky. after a short time, however, he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. he returned to

15、the university of chicago. there, once again, he studied astronomy. edwin hubble was the first person to use the hale telescope. he died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky. hubbles work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. one astrono

16、mer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. and, he said, there is a long way to go. ()4according to this passage edwin hubble was most interested in_. asportsblaw castronomydmathematics()5edwin hubble returned to the university of chicago because_. ahe was interested in british

17、 common lawbhe was eager to be a famous judge in futurechis parents had been to britain a few years beforedhe wanted to go on with the study of astronomy()6which of the following is the right order according to this passage?ahe joined the university of chicago championship basketball team. bhe studi

18、ed astronomy at the university of chicago once again. che moved to louisville with his family. dhe used the hale telescope to look at the sky. ehe became a lawyer in louisville for a short period of time. ac, a, b, d, eba, c, b, e, dcc, a, e, b, dda, b, d, e, c()7from this passage we can know that_.

19、 athe hubble space telescope was made by hubble himselfbedwin powell hubble went to oxford，england in 1910cedwin powell hubble grew up in marshfield，missouridhubble died while he was looking at the sky【語篇導讀】本文主要介紹了科學家哈勃的成長和學習經(jīng)歷，直到最后從事天文學研究的過程。4c細節(jié)理解題。第二段和第三段描述了哈勃的學習歷程，其中提到了他所涉獵的學科，根據(jù)最后的選擇能看出他對天文學最感興

20、趣。5d細節(jié)理解題。由第三段倒數(shù)第三、四句可知，他回到芝加哥大學的目的是為了繼續(xù)學習天文學。6c文章排序題。根據(jù)全文的介紹可知，哈勃先是隨家人搬到路易斯維爾的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大學加入了籃球隊，之后他從英國回來做了一段時間的律師，然后又學習天文學，最后第一個使用了hale望遠鏡。7b推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后和第三段開頭，結(jié)合 “he spent three years at oxford. in 1913, hubble returned to the united states. ”可知，他是于1910年去的英國，三年后又回到美國。cdroughts(干旱) caused by glob

21、al climate change have led to a drop in wheat production, a worldwide shortage and high food prices around the world. the global wheat supply is at its lowest point in 50 years, with only an estimated 10 weeks of supply left. this has been one factor pushing the prices of bread, beer and other wheat

22、containing foods steadily higher. according to hilton dinner, a bakery owner from edmonton, canada, the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months. in 19 years of business, dinner said，he has never seen prices rise like this. “prices creep up seasonably, ” he said. “they might g

23、o up 10 percent, then down 5 percent. they never go back to where they started，but they creep. this is not creeping, this is drastic. ”also to blame for the global wheat shortage is the rising population, coupled with increasing meat consumption worldwide. this has led to the increasing diversion of

24、 grain to animal feed. analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months, as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production. but even when the shortage resolves, food prices are only expected to keep climbing due to other factors，such as high energy and shipping costs. “its not

25、something thats going to go away, ” dinner said. “food in general is going to go up. as wheat goes up，so does the price of eggs and chicken because they eat grainbased feed. it affects people who cant afford to pay more for their food. ”public health experts have expressed concern about the effect t

26、hat rising food prices have on the poor. the united nations recently reported that in 2007, the cost of food imports in the worlds neediest countries increased 24 percent, to a total of $107 billion. ()8the indirect reason for a drop in wheat production is _. athe droughtbthe global climate changect

27、he shipping costdthe rising population()9according to the first paragraph，the prices of wheat products rise _. asuddenlybgraduallycslowlydrapidly()10the wheat shortage may disappear if _. athe empty lands are used to plant wheatbthe shipping costs are falling downcchickens dont feed on wheat any mor

28、edbeer isnt made from wheat any more()11the passage mainly tells us that _. apoor people cant afford foodbthe rising population leads to high food pricescthe global climate change causes wheat shortagedfood prices are going to go down【語篇導讀】氣候變化引起干旱，干旱又引起小麥產(chǎn)量的下降，產(chǎn)量下降又引起小麥價格的上漲。8b細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句 “droug

29、hts(干旱)caused by global climate change have led to a drop in wheat production, a worldwide shortage and high food prices around the world. ”可知，全球氣候變化引起的干旱已經(jīng)導致小麥產(chǎn)量下降，全球短缺和世界各地的糧食價格高漲。9d推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段特別是 “the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months”可知，小麥產(chǎn)品的價格上漲非常快。10a細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一

30、句 “analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months，as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production. ”可知，答案為a項。11c主旨大意題。本文講述的是因為氣候的變化引起小麥的短缺。故c為文章的主旨大意。dthe sea is home to billions of plants and animals. many live only near the sunlit surface. oceanographers classify marine l

31、iving beings by separating them into two main groups：plants and animals. there are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water. the rooted plants in the ocean are only foun

32、d in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters. since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean，most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants. the most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplank

33、ton(浮游生物)these are usually singlecelled，minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean. to grow，phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight. marine animals are divided into three groups：zooplankton，nekton，and benthos. zooplankton are drifting an

34、imals and are usually small, however, they can grow to fairly large size. for example, the jellyfish and the portuguese manofwar are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推進) themselves effectively. nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familia

35、r animals found in the ocean belong to this class. common fishes，the octopus，whales，eels and squid are all examples of nekton. the third type of sea animals spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom. this group of marine animals is called the benthos. some of these creatures, such as lobsters

36、 and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment. ()12the text mainly tells us something about _. amarine plants and marine animalsbtwo types of sea plantscthree kinds of sea animal

37、sdsmall and big animals in the ocean()13why cant we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?abecause there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean. bbecause the rooted plants cant stand the coldness of the ocean. cbecause there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water. dbecause

38、the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots. ()14one of the characteristics of zooplankton is that _. athey are small and never grow to large sizebsome of the zooplankton cant swim effectivelycthey can swim freely in deep water of the oceandthey need more sunlight than other

39、 animals in the ocean()15according to the last paragraph，we can conclude that _. abenthos live on the surface of the ocean waterbsome of the benthos cant live without the ocean floorcbenthos spend most of their time swimming in the oceandbenthos can move about in the middle of the sea water【語篇導讀】海洋是

40、成千上萬種動物和植物的家鄉(xiāng)。海洋植物主要有兩種：有根植物和浮游植物；海洋動物大體可分為三類：浮游動物、游泳動物和海底動物。12a主旨大意題。本文主要講述了海洋生物的分類(海洋植物和海洋動物)以及他們的特點。13c細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，有根植物不能生存在很深的海底是因為那兒沒有充足的陽光來進行光合作用。14b細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句 “for example, the jellyfish and the portuguese manofwar are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(

41、推進)themselves effectively(例如，水母和葡萄牙軍艦就是大型浮游動物的例子，它們不能有效地推進自己)”可知，它們不能有效地游泳。15b細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一句 “some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environme

42、nt(其中一些生物，比如龍蝦和蝸牛，也許能夠在海底移動，但它們的生活方式與海底緊密相連，因此它們無法離開這個環(huán)境生存)”可知，benthos離開海底不能生存。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題25分， 滿分125分)閱讀下面短文， 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。eyes can speakmuch meaning can be conveyed，clearly，with our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak. _16_ in a bus you may look at a stranger，but not

43、 for too long. and if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable. the same is true in our daily life. if you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. _17_ eyes do speak, right?looking too long at some

44、one may seem to be rude and aggressive. _18_ if a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. he wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. however，when two people are engaged in a conversation，the speak

45、er will only look into the listeners eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying. _19_ if a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will feel awkward. a poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too

46、long at the victim. he wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. _20_actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. aon the contrary, it will give him away. bdo you have such kind of experience? cthats what normal eye c

47、ontact is all about. dactually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. eafter all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. fbut things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. gif nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 【語篇導讀】本

48、文是一篇說明文。我們可以通過眼睛傳遞很多信息，在不同的環(huán)境里，其意義也不同。從某種程度上來說，眼睛會說話。16b根據(jù)下文所舉的公交車上的事例可知，b項“你是否有過這種經(jīng)歷？”可以引出下文所舉的事例，符合語境。17g上文提到如果有人長時間地盯著你，你就會檢查自己全身是否什么地方有不當之處；而g項意為“如果沒什么問題的話，你會因別人那樣盯著你而惱怒”，與上文話題緊密相連，符合語境。18f上文提到一直盯著他人似乎有些不禮貌；但下文提到當一位男性長時間盯著一位女性時，他的意圖很明顯。f項意為“但是當談到盯著異性時，情況就不一樣了”，與上下文呼應，構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語境。19c上文提到當兩個人談話的時候，

49、說話人通常會不時地直視聽話人，以確保聽話人在專心聽自己講話，下文談到的是談話時如果一直盯著聽話人，就會顯得想要控制他，這會使聽話人感覺很不舒服。由此可知，上文提到的是談話時正常的眼神交流，下文則指的是不正常的，尷尬的。c項意為“那是正常的眼神交流”，總結(jié)上文話題，并引出下文不正常眼神交流的對比，符合語境。20a上文提到不太會說謊的人會誤認為直視對方是誠懇交流的標志。a項意為“與此相反，那會將他出賣”，與上文話題緊密相連，符合語境。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文， 從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。s

50、uperdad alan lawrence, a photographer from utah, has posted some amazing photos of his son flying in the air. lawrence says his twoyearold _21_ wil was born with a terrible diseasedown syndrome, but lawrence is determined that this wont hold him _22_ in life. when wil was little, he would lie on his

51、 stomach and _23_ his arms and legs like he was flying. “it wasnt something any of my other kids did. my family would always _24_ that he was trying so hard that one day he would start _25_，” lawrence told usa today network. he decided to make wils flight a _26_ by using photoshop to create images o

52、f wil hovering above places the family has visited. the series of _27_， called “wil can fly”， is part of a 2016 calendar, with half the earnings from sales donated to two down syndrome funds. “the series _28_ a reminder that people with down syndrome can do anything they set their minds to，” lawrenc

53、e says. though appearing happy, alan admitted that he and his wife didnt always feel so _29_. “after the doctor informed us that he had down syndrome, we had _30_. we werent quite sure what the _31_ held for our family; we were _32_ and knew very little about what to expect. ”however, these fears so

54、on _33_ wil was born. alan explains，“in the short two years since he arrived, he has helped our family grow in ways we didnt realize what we needed. our family with wil is happy. ”and now theyre on their way to _34_ this love and knowledge, saying，“we want to show the world that you can have a _35_

55、life with a child with down syndrome. ”()21a. sonbfriendcgrandsondstudent()22a. upbbackcoverdon()23a. touchbfoldchurtdraise()24a. explainbargueccomplaindjoke()25a. readingbwalkingcflyingdspeaking()26a. realitybcompetitioncgamedstory()27a. booksbphotoscarticlesdreports()28a. searches forbgoes withcma

56、kes updserves as()29a. honestboptimisticcfriendlydindependent()30a. researchedbstruggledcquarreleddbehaved()31a. companybhospitalcfuturedsport()32a. scaredbinterestedcdelighteddamused()33a. camebincreasedcdisappeareddgathered()34a. passbexpresscsharedexchange()35a. longbwholecpersonaldhappy【語篇導讀】alan lawrence來自美國猶他州，他的兒子wil不幸患上唐氏綜合征，而作為一個父親，他并沒有因此感到沮喪，而是通過自己的創(chuàng)意為兒子創(chuàng)造了一系列有趣的飛行圖像。alan想告訴2歲的兒子，盡管他患有疾病，他還是可以做任何自己想要做的事情。21a根據(jù)首段可知，wil是alan lawrence兩歲的兒子。22b根據(jù)第五段中的“the series serves as a reminder that people with down syndrome can do anything they set their minds to . . . ”可