2022屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題八 并列句和狀語從句學(xué)案新人教版

1、2022屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題八 并列句和狀語從句學(xué)案新人教版2022屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題八 并列句和狀語從句學(xué)案新人教版年級(jí)：姓名：專題八并列句和狀語從句考點(diǎn)精講 并列句考點(diǎn)一常見并列句的類型及并列連詞類型并列連詞并列關(guān)系(遞進(jìn)關(guān)系)and，bothand，not onlybut also，neithernor等轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系but，yet，whereas，while等選擇關(guān)系or，or else，eitheror，not but等因果關(guān)系for，so等both peter and tom are from south africa彼得和湯姆都來自南非。first，my engli

2、sh is very good and im open-minded and warm-hearted，so im getting along well with everyone首先，我的英語很好，而且我性格外向、很熱心，因此我和每個(gè)人都相處得很好。he tried hard to catch up with his classmates，but he failed他盡力趕上同學(xué)們，但是失敗了。the children can go with us，or they can stay in孩子們可以跟我們?nèi)?，也可以待在家。he must have been caught in the rain

3、，for he is wet all over他肯定被雨淋了，因?yàn)樗麥喩矶紳窳恕？键c(diǎn)二并列連詞構(gòu)成的常用句型1and構(gòu)成的句型(1)祈使句and陳述句(祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，and后面的句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的主句)。work hard，and you will succeed( if you work hard，you will succeed)努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)成功。(2)名詞詞組and陳述句(名詞詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，其中常含有more，another等詞)。another try，and youll make a success再試一次，你就會(huì)取得成功。2or (else)

4、構(gòu)成的句型 (1)祈使句or (else)陳述句。seize the chance，or (else) youll regret抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。(2)名詞詞組or (else)陳述句。more healthy food，or (else) youll break down sooner or later多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會(huì)垮掉。3when構(gòu)成的句型when引起并列句，意為“正在這時(shí)”，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛要發(fā)生或剛剛完成時(shí)，突然發(fā)生另一動(dòng)作。(1)sbbe doing sth when某人正在做某事，這時(shí)last monday，i was walking in th

5、e street when i suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle上周一，我正在街上散步，這時(shí)我突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。(2)sbbe about to do sth when某人正要做某事，這時(shí)we were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain我們正打算動(dòng)身，突然下起雨來了。(3)sb be on the point of doing sth when某人正要做某事，這時(shí)she was on the point of going to bed when someone

6、 knocked at the door她正要上床睡覺，突然有人敲門。(4)sbhad just done sth when某人剛做完某事，這時(shí)i had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang我剛剛掃完地，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。狀語從句考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間狀語從句1when，while和as的用法連詞含義及用法例句when“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生when you apply for a job，you must present your certificate

7、s當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。while“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal客人們就要吃完飯的時(shí)候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。as“隨著”，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生as he grew older，he became less active隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。2before，since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；還未就；還沒有來得及就”。常用句式：it will be/was一段時(shí)間befo

8、re要過/過了時(shí)間才；it wont be/ wasnt一段時(shí)間 before沒過多久就we need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。(2)since意為“自以來”，常用句式：it is/ has been一段時(shí)間 since從句(常用過去時(shí))。since 從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是一般過去時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。as is reported，it is over 100 years since qinghua university was founded正如

9、所報(bào)道的，清華大學(xué)自建立以來已有一百多年了。3till/until的用法till/until用于肯定句表示“直到為止”，其主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；not until/till表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。until 可用于句首，而till 不能。if you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out如果你遇到不懂的東西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交談，直到你把它弄明白。she didnt start th

10、e lesson until the pupils settled down等學(xué)生們安靜下來后，她才開始上課。4表示“一就”的連詞(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly等the moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。(2)在hardlywhen，no soonerthan結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，when或than所

11、在的從句用一般過去時(shí)。i had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once我剛到辦公室，妻子就打電話讓我回家。考點(diǎn)二地點(diǎn)狀語從句(where，wherever)where意為“在某個(gè)地方”，wherever意為“無論在哪里”。you can sit wherever you like你喜歡坐哪兒都可以。考點(diǎn)三原因狀語從句(because，since，now that等)because意為“因?yàn)椤?，語氣強(qiáng)烈，表示事情發(fā)生的直接原因。since意為“既然，由于”，語氣較弱，表示說話雙方都知道的原因

12、。now that則用于已成事實(shí)的原因作為前提。now that youve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet你既然已經(jīng)長大成人，就得學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立生活?？键c(diǎn)四結(jié)果狀語從句(sothat，suchthat，so that) 1 he earned so little money that he couldnt support his family他掙這么少的錢，以至于養(yǎng)不起家。2he is such a learned person that we admire him very muchhe is so learned a

13、person that we admire him very much他如此有學(xué)問，以至于我們非常贊賞他。考點(diǎn)五條件狀語從句(if，unless，so/as long as, in case，on condition that) if you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it考試作弊必予追究。 特別提示：條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。考點(diǎn)六讓步狀語從句(though，although，while，as，even if/even though) although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，只能用正常語序；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

14、時(shí)，可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語序；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。although與though都可以與yet，still連用，但不能和but連用。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，一般置于句首。even if與even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可用虛擬語氣，也可以用陳述語氣。young as he is，he does things in a very mature way盡管他年輕，但他做事的方式很成熟。while i admit that there are problems，i dont agree

15、that they cannot be solved雖然我承認(rèn)存在問題，但我不同意這些問題無法解決?？键c(diǎn)七方式狀語從句(as，as if，as though)the old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son這位老太太對(duì)待這個(gè)男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的?？键c(diǎn)八目的狀語從句(so that，in order that，in case)when he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him他出門的時(shí)候常戴

16、著墨鏡，以便沒人能認(rèn)出他?？键c(diǎn)九 比較狀語從句(asas，not as/soas，than， the morethe more) you look younger than you are你看上去比你的實(shí)際年齡要年輕。特別提示： 注意兩種特殊的表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)：the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。the more you exercise，the healthier you will be你鍛煉得越多就會(huì)越健康。a be to b what c be to d 結(jié)構(gòu)。engines are to machines what hearts are to animals發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)之于機(jī)器正如心臟之于動(dòng)物。難

17、點(diǎn)釋疑 狀語從句的省略1時(shí)間、讓步、方式、地點(diǎn)狀語從句的省略如果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it，而且狀語從句的謂語中有be動(dòng)詞，可以將從句中的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略。while in beijing，i paid a visit to the summer palace在北京時(shí)，我參觀了頤和園。he often makes mistakes when speaking english說英語時(shí)他經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。the woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry這位女老師默默地離開了教室，好像

18、生氣了。though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt雖然天氣冷，但他仍然穿一件襯衫。2條件狀語從句的省略(1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等類似結(jié)構(gòu)中，it is常省略。come tomorrow if possible如果可能的話就明天來吧。unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary如果沒有必要，你最好不要查詞典。(2)在虛擬條件句中連詞if的省略。在虛擬條件句中，如果從句謂語中含有h

19、ad/were/should，if可省略，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒裝。were i(if i were)twenty now，i would join the army如果我現(xiàn)在二十歲，我就參軍。had you come(if you had come)yesterday，you would have met her如果你昨天來，你就見到她了。should there be(if there should be)a flood，what should we do?萬一發(fā)生洪水，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？解題策略 1牢記連詞詞義并能熟練運(yùn)用是解答題目的先決條件；2牢記固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定

20、從屬連詞；3根據(jù)主從句的邏輯關(guān)系確定狀語從句的連接詞。 如果主從句是因果關(guān)系，則要考慮用because，as，since等；如果主從句有時(shí)間先后之分，則要考慮用時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞；如果從句為主句的條件，則要考慮用if；如果從句表示讓步，則要考慮用although, though，while等。【典例1】it is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination_but_in the journey itself 解析：根據(jù)句意可知，空處前后為選擇關(guān)系，notbut結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不是而是”，連

21、接兩個(gè)并列成分，符合句意。故填but?！镜淅?】 how long do you think it is _since_ he arrived here?no more than half a year，i believe解析： “it is時(shí)間段since sbdid sth”意為“自從某人做某事到現(xiàn)在有多久了”，為固定句型。故填since。易錯(cuò)聚焦 一、在寫作中往往缺乏并列句意識(shí)，主要存在以下兩個(gè)方面的傾向：1機(jī)械排列簡單句i believe i am fit for it im writing to apply for the position如果我們把意義相關(guān)的這兩個(gè)句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連

22、接起來，可得到下面的句子：i believe i am fit for it, so im writing to apply for the position比較一下，同學(xué)們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞的使用可增強(qiáng)句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更加緊湊。2逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)簡單句im enthusiastic and easy-going, im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others在該句中含有兩個(gè)簡單句，中間用逗號(hào)起了連接作用，顯然這是不符合英語語法規(guī)則的。我們不妨做如下改動(dòng)：im enthusiasti

23、c and easy-going，so im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others二、對(duì)于狀語從句，在實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)中主要存在以下問題：1從句意識(shí)缺乏the expo is very attractive we are all eager to pay a visit to itthe expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it通過比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，后句比前句更加緊湊且邏輯性強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)了交際效果。2狀語從句成分殘缺(誤)please close

24、 the doors and windows before leave the classroom(正)please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom由于受漢語的干擾，第一句中狀語從句中漏掉了主語。3連接詞誤用(誤)teachers and parents should respect us no matter we are in or outside school(正)teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside sch

25、ool這兩句盡管從漢語角度來看意思相同，但是從語法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑問詞，而whether可直接引導(dǎo)狀語從句。(誤)though he is considered a great writer，but his works are not widely read(正)though he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read在讓步狀語從句中，though和although不能與but連用。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè) 單句語法填空1(2020新高考卷)they kept their collection at home

26、 until it got too big _or_ until they died, and then it was given to a museum 解析：考查并列連詞。句意：他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知，前后陳述的是兩者可能性，應(yīng)使用連詞or“或者”。故填or。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷)_when/as_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled

27、and pointed down the river 解析：考查連接詞。句意：當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí)，他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，且從句中動(dòng)詞asked為短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，不能用while引導(dǎo)，故應(yīng)用when或as引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填when/as。3(2019全國卷) i work not because i have to, _but_ because i want to解析：考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是而是”之

28、意。故填but。4(四川)it was time for her to have a new baby, _and_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent解析：句意：是時(shí)候再生一個(gè)孩子了，熊貓寶寶也到獨(dú)立的時(shí)候了。it was time for和it was also time for之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。5(新課標(biāo)全國)but the river wasnt changed in a few days _or_ even a few months解析：a few days和a few months為選擇關(guān)系，因

29、此要用or連接。6(廣東)so nick called to his son, “go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _nor_ too little”解析：neithernor“既不也不”，為固定搭配。故填nor。7(2019新課標(biāo)iii卷)on our way to the house，it was raining _so_ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get the

30、re it was in the middle of pearl city解析：考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞希晗碌萌绱舜笠灾劣谖覀儾荒懿幌脒€要多久才能到達(dá)那里。“sothat”意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。8(2019天津卷)tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _unless_ he wants their support解析：考查連詞。句意：湯姆是如此獨(dú)立，以至于他從來不征求父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。故填unless除非。9(2018全國卷)corn uses les

31、s water _than_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff 解析：考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1(2020新課標(biāo)卷i)first i cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside _but改為and_解析：考查連詞。句意：首先我把西紅柿切成塊，并把它們放在一邊。i cut the tomatoes into pieces與put them aside之間是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用and連接，故將but改為

32、and。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷i)after that i poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, i waited patiently unless the oil was hot_unless改為until/till_解析：考查連詞。句意：我耐心等待，直到油燒熱。此處是指“直到”油燒熱，應(yīng)使用until/till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故將unless改為until/till。3(2020新課標(biāo)卷) actually, i started to learn kung fu when i was seven years old, for i ha

33、ve long been out of practice _for改為but / yet_解析：考查連詞。句意：但我早就不練習(xí)了。分析句子，此處前句提到“我7歲開始學(xué)功夫”，后句提到“很久沒有練習(xí)了”。此處前后應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將for改為but / yet。4(2020新課標(biāo)卷) in order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us_去掉and_解析：考查簡單句。這是一個(gè)簡單句，前面in order to作目的狀語，不用連詞and，所以去掉and。5(2019全國i卷)su

34、ddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me_but改為and_解析：考查連詞。句意：突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我。“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。6(2019全國卷)when i studied chemistry at high school, i reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor_or改為and_解析：考查連詞。句意：在高中學(xué)化學(xué)的時(shí)候，我重新考慮了自己的目標(biāo)并決定成為一名醫(yī)生。 “重新考慮”與“

35、決定成為一名醫(yī)生”之間是順承關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系。故將or改為and。7(2018全國卷)everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud _andor_解析：考查連詞。句意：每個(gè)人都沉默了，等著看誰會(huì)被要求朗讀他或她的段落。一次只能叫一個(gè)人，男女兩者是選擇關(guān)系，故把a(bǔ)nd改為or。8(全國卷)before getting into the car, i thought i had learned the instructors orders, so o

36、nce i started the car, my mind went blank_sobut/yet_解析：根據(jù)前后句意思可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折概念，并非因果，所以把so改為but或yet。9(四川)mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework_sobut_解析：has a full-time job與has to do most of the housework之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so改為but。10(新課標(biāo)全國)he had a deep voice, which set him apart from other

37、s in our small town, he was strong and powerful_第二個(gè)he前加and_解析：句中which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾主句he had a deep voice，而主句與從句后的分句he was strong and powerful之間缺少連詞，根據(jù)它們的并列關(guān)系，可確定需要在第二個(gè)he前加and。11(浙江)if i was only a child when i studied in that classroom, i will never forget it_ifalthough/though_解析：句意：盡管在那個(gè)教室學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)我僅僅是一個(gè)孩子，

38、但我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)將if改為although或though。12(大綱全國)and it is wise to have as many good friends that we can_thatas_解析：as manyas we can為固定句式，as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。13(新課標(biāo)全國)although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems_butyet或去掉but_

39、解析：在讓步狀語從句中， although不可以與but連用，但可以與yet連用。14(新課標(biāo)全國)in fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me_duringwhen_解析：句中during為介詞，不可以連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，后一個(gè)分句應(yīng)為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。故during應(yīng)改為when。15(陜西)before waiting for about half an hour, i was beginning to get impa

40、tient_beforeafter_解析：句意：等候了大約半個(gè)小時(shí)后，我開始不耐煩了。故應(yīng)把before改為after。語法填空my classmate michael studied very hard _1after_he went to senior school every day he worked _2until_ everyone else in my class left the classroom he said he wouldnt stop trying _3unless_he got satisfying scores in his studies hard _4as/

41、though_ he tried, he made little progress, but he didnt lose heart at all _5because/as_ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day _6as_time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in beijing at last we had a get-together party _7before_ we

42、started our new life in university everyone had got offers from universities, _8so_ we had a very good time when we stood _9where_ we used to play and study, we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days we believed we would never forget each other, _10wherever_ we would go or whatever we would do 文章大意：本文講了作者的同學(xué)努力學(xué)習(xí)取得成就的事，并且表達(dá)了對(duì)友誼長存的信念。解析：1句意：我的同班同學(xué)michael上高中以后學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。此處用after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句符合語境。2句意：每天他都學(xué)習(xí)到我們班其他所有同學(xué)都離開教室為止。故用until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。3句意：他說除非他在學(xué)習(xí)上取得令人滿意的成績，否則他不會(huì)停止努力，unless表示“除非”。故填unless。4句意：盡管他努力了，但是進(jìn)步很小。副詞har