初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講解與訓(xùn)練 (一) 語(yǔ)態(tài)分類：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí)) cleans(謂動(dòng)) the room(承) every day.(主動(dòng))The room(承) is cleaned(謂動(dòng)) by Tom(執(zhí)) every day. (被動(dòng)) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done， 即be done ，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 (二) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1) 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)。Word processing skills are

2、taught in our computer lessons.(2)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 Some new computers were stolen last night. (3) 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。(三) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done2一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + don

3、e3一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done 過(guò)去實(shí)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + been + done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should / would + be done(四) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 My aunt invited m

4、e to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)詞 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語(yǔ) by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)能夠省略。練習(xí)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：People grow rice in the south of the country._ _ _ in the south of the country.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Nan

5、cy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He has brought his book here.His book _ _ _ here.5含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework _ _ _ _

6、after class.(五) 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問(wèn)題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (準(zhǔn)確)A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was give

7、n a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說(shuō)： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1. 下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was shown to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 for, 如： buy, cook, get, keep

8、, make, order, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞+介詞，如： laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。動(dòng)詞+副詞，如： sell out, find out, give up, hand

9、in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。 The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classro

10、om is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is of

11、ten heard to play the guitar.記住下列變化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to domake sb dobe made to do5. 有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well.

12、 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。(3)The printer prints quickly. 這個(gè)打印機(jī)打印很快。對(duì)比：The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句)The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句)6. 只有動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。下列情況的主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官連系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delici

13、ous.誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如： The accident took place last night.誤：The accident was taken place last night.第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed

14、, lie等。 The sun has already risen.誤：The sun has already been risen.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如： I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.7. 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：據(jù)說(shuō) It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.眾所周知 It is well k

15、nown that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.8. 注意區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+adj.）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。His glasses are broken. (系表) His glasses were broken by the cat.(被動(dòng))The door is closed. (系表)The door was closed by Tom. (被動(dòng))He is surprised. (系表)He was surprised by the snake. (被動(dòng))被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、 用動(dòng)詞的準(zhǔn)確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。1. English _(speak) t

16、he most widely in the world.2. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday.3. The town _(call) Rugao.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood.6. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.7. The room _ (clean) by Mum alrea

17、dy. You dont need to clean it.8. The sports meeting _ (hold) in a week.9. He is happy that his dream _(come) true.10. The cinema _ (build) in 1985. 11. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 12. _ the magazine _ (can take) out of the library?二.選擇題： ( ) 1. Great changes

18、_ in China.A. are happened B. was happened C. has happened D. have happened( ) 3. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( ) 4. Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( ) 5. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was tol

19、d us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( ) 6.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( ) 7. The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. be put D. can put( ) 8. Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( ) 9. Do you know what