中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧

1、中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧(潘永紅) 中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧 潘永紅 1通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系然后才能猜詞有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞 如becauseassinceforsothusas a resultof coursetherefore等等 表示前因后果例如You shouldnt have blamed him for thatfor it wasnt his fault通過for引出的句子所表示的原因 那不是他的錯 可猜出blame的詞義是責備 2通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞一是要看由and或or連

2、接的同義詞詞組如happy and gay即使我們不認識gay這個詞也可以知道它是愉快的意思二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞如Man has known something about the planets VenusMarsand Jupiter with the help of spaceships此句中的Venus 金星 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 均為生詞但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于行星這一義域通過反義詞猜詞一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞如butwhilehowever等二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語如He is so homelynot a

3、t all as handsome as his brother根據(jù)not at allhandsome我們不難推測出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思3通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時我們總會遇上一些新詞匯有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用此時如掌握了一些常用的詞根前綴后綴等語法知識這些問題便不難解決了4通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如But sometimesno rain falls for a longlong timeThen there is a dry periodor drought 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干

4、旱的時期即drought由此可見drought意思為久旱旱災而a dry period和drought是同義語這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由isorthat isin other wordsbe called或破折號等來表示5通過句法功能來推測詞義例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思從句中不難看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同類關(guān)系同屬

5、fruit類因此它們是兩樣水果準確地說是菠蘿和椰子6通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫例如The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South PoleIt is fat and walks in a funny wayAlthough it cannot flyit can swim in the icy water to catch the fish從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性短文改寫填空型閱讀理解題的解答

6、技巧是首先通讀全文對文章的大意有個初步的了解同時找出文章中的關(guān)鍵句在有限的時間內(nèi)迅速抓住文章的要點然后縱覽縮寫后的短文在了解其大意的同時確定所要填寫的內(nèi)容即詞語或短語是否與已知文段中的相一致填寫時一定要仔細比如有的屬于固定搭配有的句子是文中原句的同義句這些只要稍加注意就可避免出錯同時還要注意動詞時態(tài)人稱名詞單復數(shù)是否有誤首字母是否大寫句子的主謂搭配是不是合理等最后將改寫后的文章再通讀一遍看看改寫后的短文是否流暢語句是否通順同時還要照顧到原文看改寫后的短文是否與原文意思相符合 My grandfather was a teacher He was the headmaster of a scho

7、ol for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen I know that he was a kind man because when I was young and he was old he gave me presents and sat me on his knees and told me stories But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him At school when he walked into a room full of noisy boys

8、they stopped talking at once When he looked at a boy with a certain 某種 look in his eyes that boy was red in the faceand looked down at his shoes If a boy brought him poor careless work my grandfather picked up the boys book and threw it across the room shouting Do it all again and bring it back firs

9、t thing in the morning If the boy was late or if he forgot to bring his work he had to do it again and again and yet again My grandfather never forgotAt school he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容改寫每個空格只限填寫一個單詞When I was young I studied at a 1 school We were all

10、2 thirteen and eighteen Our headmaster was 3 old man He was kind but all of 4 were afraid of him For example we were playing talking and laughing 5 he came in at once the classroom became quiet If a boy didnt 6 his homework well or carefully he would be very 7 and asked the boy to do it again and 8

11、But his 9 told he never did things 10 that at home1boys答案就在短文的第一句話之中但要注意詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換這里要用名詞所有格形式2between文章第一句中的of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen是答案的依據(jù)3an這個小題比較簡單用不著聯(lián)系短文內(nèi)容僅憑語法知識就能解答old以元音音素開頭所以填寫不定冠詞an4us由But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him可知孩子們都害怕他短文是以第一人稱的口吻

12、寫的而改寫的短文則是以學生們的身份寫的弄清了這一點此空即能做出5when短文第二自然段開頭的那句話同樣是一個以when引導的時間狀語從句6dofinish 由If a boy brought him poor careless work這句話不難聯(lián)想到是學生沒有認真做 完成 作業(yè)7angry由If a boy brought him poor careless work my grandfather would pick up the boys book and throw it across the roomshouting這句話可知如果某個男孩沒有很好地完成作業(yè)祖父就會把那位學生的書本扔到

13、外面并大聲訓斥他重做顯然祖父是因為生氣了才這么做的8again由If the boy was late or if he forgot to bring the work he would have to do it again and again and yet again這句話可以確定此空要填寫again一詞9grandson原文是從the headmaster的孫子的角度寫爺爺在學校與在家里的不同表現(xiàn)的聯(lián)系第一自然段和At school he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home這句話可知填寫gr

14、andson是最恰當?shù)?0like通常全文可知作者想表達的意思是祖父在學校里的表現(xiàn)與在家中的表現(xiàn)截然不同換言之則是祖父在學校的表現(xiàn)從來都不象在家中的樣子由此可以得出這里要填介詞like 像一樣 In the future machines will be improved and do more and more work for man Few people have to work for long hours Man will have more time for leisure How will he use this leisure in the world of tomorrow

15、Certainly he will still need holidays In the future the computer will help people to find the right place The computer will ask them questions which they will answer by pressing a button It抣l also show them pictures and they will say which ones they like then the computer will tell them wghere to fi

16、nd the place they want for holiday TV will be used more in education It will also help people to use their leisure time well There will be more programmes on how to make and how to do things In the future people will certainly have to do less work Machines will take more and more work from man This

17、means that the rest of the time will be mostly leisure time Some scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere According to other scientists a man will put on a small cap The cap will make him see feel and hear all kinds of

18、enjoyable things 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容 完成下列各題1In the future _ will do more and more work for man so man will do _ work 2People will spend more time _ _ in the future 3_ _ can help us to find the place where we want to spend our holiday 4TV will be more useful in _ and help people use their _ time well 5People will

19、 live an enjoyable life _ going _ 1 machines less 由第一段可知在將來機器會代替人類做更多的工作所以人類的工作會更少2 for leisureenjoying themselves 由第一段Man will have more time for leisure 一句可知人們將會有更多的時間休息3 The computer 由第三段可知電腦將會幫助人類找到他們想要度假的地方4 education leisure 由文中TV will be used more in education It will also help people to use

20、their leisure time well 兩句中得到答案5 without anywhere 在文章最后一段Some scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere 中可得知答案 In court 法庭 the judge asks the boy named Henry some questions Judge Can you tell us how the accident happened

21、 Henry Yes sir The farmer drove very fast when I met with him His car knocked me down and hurt my arm Judge To the farmer Was that right Farmer No sir But it rained heavily and I couldnt drive fast Judge So you dont think you knocked him down Farmer Yes I did But I didnt see him mending his bike in

22、the middle of the road Judge Well Did you send him to a hospital Farmer Yes But the doctor said there was nothing serious to him Judge To Henry Do you agree with him Henry Yes sir But my left arm often hurts and I cant lift it at all Judge Could you show us how you can lift it now Henry Sure Slowly

23、the boy lifts his arm below his nose Judge Poor boy And how high could you lift it before the accident Henry Oh I could lift it very high like this Holding his left arm up over his head Judge But I dont think theres something wrong with your arm Henry IISo it is But my lawyer 律師 tells me to do so 根據(jù)

24、上面的對話在短文的空白處填寫一個適當?shù)脑~使短文內(nèi)容與對話意思相符 It happened on a 1 _ day A boy named Henry was 2 _ his bike on the road while a farmers 3 _ knocked him down The farmer sent him to a hospital and the doctor said nothing 4 _ happened to the boy But his parents hoped the boy could be paid more 5 _ for it They asked f

25、or a lawyers 6 _ The lawyer taught the boy 7 _ to say in court Henry told the judge his arm hurt and that he couldnt 8 _ it up The judge asked him to show it to him He could lift it below his nose The judge asked him how 9 _ he could lift it before the accident The boy 10 _ what the lawyer said and

26、lifted it over his headDear editor I am not a good-looking boy and I am not good at studying either Some people dont even want to talk to me So I usually feel lonely Sometimes I think that if I want to leave home nobody will care How can I stop feeling like this PeterDear Peter But first I am sure t

27、hat you are wrong that nobody will care if you leave your home What about your parents And other family members It seems that you are very sad Youd better go to see a doctor or talk to your parents They can help you Second Im sure theres someone in your class who feels lonely too You never know how

28、other people feel inside Try to make friends with them Or you join a club to meet new people and to keep yourself busy You need to find happiness in yourself Write a list of all the good things about yourself Learn to like yourself and then others will see your confidence 信心 and like you too Editor1

29、 Peter isnt good at and he feels _2 He writes to the editor to ask for _ because he wants to _feeling lonely 3 If Peter joins a club he can new people and keep busy4 The editor suggests 建議 that Tom should talk to a and his 5 Peter is lack of 缺少 and he needs to find _ in himself1 studying lonely 2 help stop 3 meet himself 4 doctor parents 5 confidence happinessOnce Ei tei gave a lecture in many place in America His driver alway listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure he could give it himself So Ei tei agreed that the driver gave the lecture himNobody knew Ei tei there th