六種英語基本句型詳細(xì)講解

1、六種英語基本句型詳細(xì)講解英語簡單句5種基本基本句型簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構(gòu)成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發(fā)展而來。一、 句型1：Subject (主語)Verb (謂語)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，所謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。eg The birds are f lying那些鳥在飛。Things change事物是變化的。Nobody went沒有人去。練習(xí)：漢譯英1) Li Ming wo

2、rks very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The sunwas rising.3) Spring is coming.4) Ill try.5) We allbreathe, eat, and drink.6) Did you sleep well last night？7) The book sells well.8) The engine broke down.9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。10) We have lived in the city for ten years.11) Lucy and

3、 Maryget up early every morning.12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡覺了。13) Ill go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了飯就去。14) What he saiddoes not matter.15) Theyhad talkedfor half an hour when I came in.16) His parentshave worked in the factory for more than ten years.17) So they

4、had to travel by air or boat18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus19) She sat there alone， reading a novel20) He came back when we were eating21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.二、 句型2：Subject (主語)Link. V(系動詞)Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, l

5、ook, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。練習(xí)

6、：漢譯英1) The dinnersmellsgood.2) Everythinglooksdifferent. 3) Hefellasleep. 4) Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary.5) Heis growingtall and strong.6) Mr.Brown is an engineer.7) His faceturnedred.8) Gradually he became silent.(形容詞做表語)9) She remained standing outside for a hour.(現(xiàn)在分詞做表語)10) The question

7、remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語)11) The machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語)12) The television was on.(副詞做表語)13) His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動詞不定式做表語)14) My job is repairing cars.(動名詞做表語)15) The question is what you want to do.(從句做表語)16) Im happy to meet you.17) They are willing to help.18) We fe

8、el used to living in big cities19) The potatoes went bad in the fields20) Their boss seems satisfied with the work三、 句型3：Subject(主語)Verb (謂語)Object (賓語)這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞,所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名詞）他拿著書包離開了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have

9、difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。注意：英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。練習(xí)：漢譯英1) Whoknowsthe answer?2) Heenjoysreading.3) Hehas refusedto help them.4) HesaidGood morning.5) Iwantto have a c

10、up of tea.6) Do you know these people(them)？(名詞或代詞做賓語)7) I cant express myself in English.(反身代詞做賓語)8) We cant afford to pay such a computer.(不定式做賓語)9) Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(動名詞做賓語)10) Headmitsthat he was mistaken.11) Tom made a hole in the wall12) I dont know if he can come tomorrow1

11、3) They havent decided where to go next14) She stopped teaching English two years ago15) It took them ten years to build the bridge16) Mother promises to give me a present17) I wrote a letter last night.18) I want to have a talk with you this afternoon.19) He has read this book many times.20) They h

12、ave carried out the plan successfully21) That gentleman can speak three languages fluently四、 句型4：Subject(主語)Verb(謂語)Indirect object(間接賓語)Direct object 這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach,

13、show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always t

14、ells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.練習(xí)：漢譯英1) .He handed me a letter./ He handed a letter to me.2) She gave me her telephone number./ She gave her telephone number to me.3) She sang us a folk song./She sang a folk for us.4) She cookedher husbanda delicious meal./She cooked

15、 a delicious meal for her husband.5) Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 6) Hebroughtyoua dictionary.7) Ishowedhimmy pictures. 8) Itoldhimthat the bus was late. 9) Heshowedmehow to run the machine.10) Mr Johnson taught us German last year11) Grandma told me an interesting story last night12) Would you ple

16、ase pass me the dictionary?13) Shall I call you a taxi?五、 句型5：Subject(主語)Verb (動詞)Object (賓語)Complement(補語)這種句型中的“賓語補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔(dān)任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們

17、選他當(dāng)班長。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, n

18、otice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上練習(xí)：漢譯英1) The sun keeps us warm2) I heard him singing3) You must get your hair cut4) They made Tom monitor5) We call her Alice6)

19、All of us considered him honest7) They have set the thief free8) I want you to tell me the truth9) The officer ordered us to leave at once 10) Theypaintedthe doorgreen. 11) Wesawhimout. 1) Heaskedmeto come back soon. 2) Isawthemgetting on the bus.六、句型6：There be 句型說明： 此句型是由“therebe主語狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱

20、“有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live， stand， come， go， lie， remain， exist， arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park Once upon a time there lived an old king in the townBe 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were將來有 there will be；

21、there is /are going to be現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been可能有 there might be肯定有 there must be /there must have been過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 特殊句型：There be sb/sth. doing/done/to do 有。正做/被。或已被完成/要去做（還沒做，不管主動還是被動）There is no doubt that 毫無疑問。There is some doubt whether 。還有疑問