年專四真題虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞 章振邦語法書頁數(shù)標注

1、2018年專四真題虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞 章振邦語法書頁數(shù)標注Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 動詞過去完成體P181-190, 395)條件句14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a _B_. (p128) 2017A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncert

2、ainty D. past event for politenessV. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (屬于“表態(tài)性過去時” (attitudinal past), 即表示說話人當前的試探性態(tài)度 , 而非過去時間 , 多用于表示意愿或心理狀態(tài)的動詞) , that is , the past tense is associated with

3、 the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude試探性態(tài)度，婉轉語氣 on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me?B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me som

4、e help .Want, wonder, think, hope The other is what we call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions as Its time.I wish Id ratherSuppose As if 15. “If I were you, I wouldnt wait to propose to he

5、r.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to _D_.183A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestionWere-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaning If, if only, as if, as

6、though, though, Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine, As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比54.If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receiving正確答案為A). If only引導的虛擬語氣,解釋為”要是該多好啊!”. 與

7、現(xiàn)在的事實相反的則if only后接過去式did,和過去事實相反的則接過去完成時had done. 這里是說要是這個病人接受了不同的治療方式(其實那個時候并沒有接受),與過去事實相反用過去完成時. 句意: 如果那個病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他療法,他現(xiàn)在可能還活著呢.51. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P192A would B could C should D might52. 正確答案為B). could表示能夠,是一種一般能力. 表示具體能力用 be able to . p. 192 If only引導的虛

8、擬語氣,表示”要是.該多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那樣把吉他彈得那么好該多好啊!3.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005年51題）2015 A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.

9、 (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were譯文如果你把情況向你的事務律師說明，他會比我更能給你提出好的建議?？键c虛擬語氣。本句條件從句中的謂語動詞用了過去式explained，但這是復合時態(tài)形式，主句說明其內容與現(xiàn)在/將來的情況相反，所以主句謂語應該由would+動詞原形構成。B，C不用于虛擬語氣；Dwere只用于表虛擬的條件句中。9_ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004年44題） A. Would you be surpri

10、sed B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised44答案：A 參考譯文：如果昨天沒有提前通知你，我就來了，你會覺得奇怪嗎？ 試題分析：本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。 詳細解答：這是一個錯綜時間條件句。條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作，發(fā)生的時間是不一致的，動詞的形式要根據表示的時間來調整。10All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there

11、. （2000年49題） A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be解析考點：虛擬語氣。由于主句中使用了 would have done，即表示與過去事實相反，那么從句中相應地使用 had done。譯文若不是那兒人太多，我們在聚會上都會玩得更盡興的。11. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. （1998年43題） A. shall need B. should need C. would ne

12、ed D. will need情態(tài)動詞。should可以表示語氣較強的假設，出現(xiàn)在if從句中或用于省略了if的條件句句首位置上。例如：aIf you should change your mind，please let us knowbShould you be interested，I have a book on the subject you might like to see should的這一用法經常出現(xiàn)在商務信函中，表示“萬一”、“假若”。shall有類似用法，用于if、when等引導的從句中，表示將來的可能性，不過語氣太強。例如： cIf you shall ever chang

13、e your opinion，come to me againshould如果用在以if和in case引導的從句中則表示某事不太可能發(fā)生。有時在這種句子中主語和should可以倒裝，把should放在句首。譯文如果你購買的車子在最初12個月內出現(xiàn)問題，請與授權經銷商交涉。12. _ , I will marry him all the same. (2004年42題)票 A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poorwhether she be right

14、 or wrong, she will have my unswerbing support. 表讓步里，be用于虛擬語氣句，引導一個(選擇性)讓步狀語從句，相當于whether he be rich or poor。由于whether省略，這時be需要提前。B其實也講得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富還是窮，我都要嫁給他。又如：Whether rich or poor，old or young，all have to die(新時代英漢大典)譯文不管他是富還是窮，我都要嫁給他。Whether it (he)be.or.結構，意為“不管(不論)是還是”，表示讓步，為虛擬語氣的一種表達方

15、式。其省略式為“be itor；be heor”等，句子必須倒裝。如：I can translate all these books into Chinese，be they in English，F(xiàn)rench or Latin例句 There being no danger，the police went back to their office險情解除，警察回警局了。3.虛擬語氣用在由 “whether” 引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句謂語用原形動詞。例如：All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.所有

16、發(fā)動機都按這一原理工作，無論它們是大還是小。We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.無論時間早晚，我們必須在回家前干完工作。All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.所有物質，不論是氣體，液體，或固體，都是由原子構成。在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而將be放在主語前。例如：Be it so, we must continue to do the test.We must do our best

17、 to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.Example:_ Ill marry him all the same.a. Were he rich or poor b. Be he rich or poorc. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poor考點4：it is (high/about) time that的結構中，從句使用一般過去式。注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。 This is the second

18、time that we have achieved such a great success.例如:p1863.Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. (2006年54題)A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop2. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. 2005. A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook

19、C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” “I dont know. But its about time _on something.” 2002 52題 A. Id decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding5.If you have really been studying English for long, its about time you _ able to write letters in

20、 English. （1999年49題） A. should beB. wereC. must beD. are51. It is essential that he _ all the facts first. (2014)A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine P18165.It is absolutely essential that William_his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007A.will continue B.continued C.co

21、ntinue D.continuesAdvisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 60. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay.2010A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand inItisimperative/necessary/important等結構后的主語從句

22、中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，should加動詞原形，should可省。6.It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2006年59題） A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract7.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. （2004年46題） A. hand in B. would hand in C. have t

23、o hand in D. handed in16. “Its a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express _B_.(2017)P201A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativenessIn specific contexts, should can denote emotional feelings of sorrow, joy, displeasure

24、, surprise, wonder Its a pity that he should leave so soon. Its unbelievable that he should be working so hard. How should I know?Should is found in expressions like “I should say” “I should think.” The hypothetical form here is simply to indicate the speakers reluctance to commit himself on matters

25、 of personal feeling or judgment. I should say he is just the right man for the job. Without any definite modal meaningI insisted that he go/should go with me. It is imperative thatThe order that For fear that /so that /lest Would can be used to make a tactful statement, a polite request, and a tent

26、ative suggestion. It would be a shame to stop our work halfway. 19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as _ if I _A_alone. 2017A. would have been had been B. should be had been C. could be were D. might have been were19_ your advice, I would have made

27、 the wrong decision.2016A. Hadnt it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for2. 52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now.2008 p A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get20. The sentence I wish I had been more carefu

28、l in spending my money expresses the speakers _.2016a) hopeb) joyc) regretd) relief 184201615. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were條件句的虛擬If you asked me tomorrow, I would(should ,但以would 較

29、為普通)be able to give you the answer .54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood? _.(2013)(p. 181)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock?181B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.Paulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotg

30、ethisvisabyFriday.Decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote. 54My boss ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch2013 p181Abe sent Bwere sent Cwere to be sent Dmust be sent63.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013 P184)A.w

31、eretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrained52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.A. could have been B. would beC. will be D. would have been61. Its getting late. Id rather you now.(2011. P186)A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave考查虛擬語氣。would rather后面接從句時，表示主語寧愿某人

32、做某事，從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞用一般過去式，表示希望。注意區(qū)分would rather其他兩個慣用句式：would rather do sth.“寧愿做某事”：would rather dothan do“寧愿做而不愿做57. We consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.(2009)A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange60.He would have finished his college educat

33、ion, but he _to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A.had had B.has C.had D.would have60Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall we buy the tickets first”?2012P 200 AHe said that we were going to buy the tickets first BHe requested that we buy the tickets first CHe sugges

34、ted that we buy the tickets first DHe advised us to buy the tickets first表示征求意見，advise 建議他人應該怎么做，表示直接給出自己認為對的意見，沒有征求的意思。 Suggest說出自己的想法供對方參考，65. When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate? （2014P ）A. He agree

35、d to drive me to the airport first. B. He offered to drive me to the airport first. C. He advised me to go to the airport first. D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first. 3. Among the four sentences below, Sentence _ expresses the highest degree of possibility.(2016)p 207A. It may take a lo

36、ng time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.Might ,may ,could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must 55. Whi

37、ch of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? （2014）p193）A. The moon cannot always be at the full. B. You cannot smoke inside the building. 表示不許C. He cannot come today. 否定表示不可能。 D. She cannot play the piano. 192 泛指一般的能力Can 表示可能，較多地用于否定句和疑問句19. which of the following sentences expresses a fact

38、?(2013 p197)A. Mary and her son must be home by now. B. Careless reading must give poor results. 表示必然，也是一種推測或推斷，其口氣最為肯定，一般用于肯定陳述句。197C. He must be working late at the office. 采用進行體，作推測用法Epistemic P207 all epistemic modals can combine with a progressive infinitive.D. Its getting late, and I must leav

39、e now. 表推測，must可以采用完成體the past form of epistemic modals are realized by adding a perfective infinitive.You must have thought about that. 可以用于there-存在句can be used in existential sentencesThere must be some mistake. 靜態(tài)動詞combine with stative verbsHe must be there. 主語可以是表示無生命物的名詞詞組be used with an inanim

40、ate subjectIt must be George. 53. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.2009 A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have been56.She _fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.2007A. must be B.had been C.could be D.must have been正確答案為D). 對過去事情的肯定推測用must have done, 否定推測用c

41、ouldnt have done. 65. Which of the following sentences expresses probability? 2008 A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired. C. You must be here by eight oclock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time. 55Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? A

42、By now she will be eating dinnerDefinite future ,自然要發(fā)生的 BI shall never do that again2012 P151 P 199 CMy brother will help you with the luggage DYou shall get a promotion說話人的意愿63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?(2015 P198)A. What will you do when you graduate?意圖

43、B. They will be home by now.198推測C. Who will go with me?意愿D. Why will you go there alone?決心解析：“will”可表如下的意思：1. 可表“意愿”（willingness）,即愿意做某事。如：Who will go with me?2. 可表“意圖”（intention），即“打算”做某事。如：I will write to her tomorrow.3. 可表“決心”（determination），即堅持要做某事。如： I wont go back on my words.4. 可表“推測”（predic

44、tion），如：By now she will be eating dinner.B. PREDICTABILITY 64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is(2011)A. Ill get some drinks. Whatll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?D. 將來做某件事的能力52. Nancys gone to work but her cars still t

45、here. She _ by bus.2010 A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have goneNancy has gone to work but her cars still there她已經去工作了但是車還在那must have gone 表示肯定的猜測 （她肯定是坐公交車去的）should have done / ought to have done 都表示本來應該could have done 本來可以must have done 應該就是本句是對已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，所以用“

46、must+have done”的形式，故選A。61. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for today.(2009)A. should have thought B. must have thoughtC. might have thought D. could have thoughtTIP：該題考查情態(tài)動詞語氣上的差別，答案為A，意思是“今天你累壞了吧？我本來應該想到你今天已經忙了一天的。”B答案是表示對過去事情的判斷，不符合上下文意思。52. 53.“You _ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.2007 194A.could B.should C.must D.can正確答案為D)