【語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)】：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別

1、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別在英語教學(xué)過程中，不少學(xué)生會(huì)混淆動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞。在遇到動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，他們比較難區(qū)分到底什么時(shí)候動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞，什么時(shí)候是現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這兩者，首先，我們要從概念上認(rèn)識(shí)它們。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)，稱為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞時(shí)，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。其次，我們要從用法方面區(qū)分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語時(shí)，其為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語。1動(dòng)名詞用作主語（例句中，斜體部分為主語。）Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法文比講法語容易。Talking

2、 to him is talking to a wall. 和他說話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸煙會(huì)致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 種玫瑰是她的愛好。2有時(shí)it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞主語放在句子后面（例句中，斜體部分為主語。）。Its nice seeing you again. 再次見到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 從早到晚開車很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。It was a waste of

3、 time reading that book. 看那本書是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3“There is + no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很難說。There was no arguing with her. 沒法和她爭(zhēng)論。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語時(shí)，其為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語。1有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。So you prefer living abroad? 這樣說你更愿意住在國外？He kept com

4、plaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished reading the book last night. 這書我昨晚看完了。2有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語He has given up playing football. 他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 價(jià)格不斷上漲。三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語時(shí)，其為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語從表意的角度看可以用作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后，也可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbing to the top

5、of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see the crater walls.一個(gè)人如站在更廣闊的火山口的中間，就會(huì)看不到火山口壁。（表?xiàng)l件）Knowing all this, they made m

6、e pay for the damage.盡管他們了解這一切，還是要我賠償損失。（表讓步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。（表結(jié)果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墻站著。（表方式或伴隨情況）四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing為名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing為形容詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。1動(dòng)名詞用作表語Her hobby is painting. 她的愛好是繪畫。Her job w

7、as tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。2現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。This story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天氣真是好極了。The difference was most striking. 差別很明顯。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，也可以說，現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。

8、動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，兩者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。1動(dòng)名詞作定語，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候車室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停車場(chǎng)sleeping pill 安眠藥 parking meter 停車計(jì)時(shí)writing desk 寫字桌 sewing machine 縫紉機(jī)writing paper 信紙 operating table 手術(shù)室diving suit 潛水衣 reading room 閱覽室diving boar

9、d 跳板 threshing ground 打谷場(chǎng)washing machine 洗衣機(jī) boxing competition 拳擊比賽washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演講比賽drawing board 繪圖板 checking account 活期賬戶drawing pin 圖釘 banking system 銀行系統(tǒng)fishing pole 釣魚桿 fishing line 釣魚線2現(xiàn)在分詞作定語dwindling profits 日益減少的利潤 a booming town 日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growing doubts 越來越大的懷疑 increas

10、ing demand 日益增長的需求the existing condition 現(xiàn)有條件 diminishing returns 日益減少的效益the remaining days 剩下的歲月 the prevailing fashion 盛行的時(shí)裝a shining example 光輝的榜樣 lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers 主要報(bào)紙developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí)living things 有生命的東西 the ageing popula

11、tion 日益老化的人口the rising generation 在成長的一代 a resounding victory 輝煌的勝利六、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語，但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，與前面的賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。具有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役動(dòng)詞如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語。還有，作為賓語補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as，前面的動(dòng)詞多用regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等?，F(xiàn)在分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語，多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，與主語構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒這些規(guī)定。1動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。（robbing是賓語補(bǔ)語）This is called turning things upside down. 這叫做把事物顛倒了。（turning 是主語補(bǔ)語）2現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語We found him waiting to