雅思全真強化試題2 TEST4

1、TEST 4LISTENINGNUMBER OF QUESTIONS:40APPROX. TIME:30 MINUTESInstructionsYou will hear a number of conversations and talks and you must answer questions on what you hear.The conversations are recorded and you will have time to read the instructions and questions, and to check your work.The tape will

2、be played ONCE only.The test is organized in 4 sections.You can write your answers on the question paper and at the end of the test you will be given time to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.Section 1Questions 1-10Question 1Circle the correct letters A-C.Example Who is responsible for the pr

3、izes? C A Jane B Stellla C Fiona1.How many people are expected to take part in the race?A 150B 200C 250Questions 2-6Complete the notes below. Choose your answers A-K from the box below.A Town Hall G Old MarketB Town Hall Car Park H LibraryC Railway Station Car Park I Midsummer ParkD Police Station C

4、ar Park J CinemaE Magistrates Court Car Park K Mayors ResidenceF New MarketCharity Run RouteStarting Point 2 great buildingFirst Aid Tent 3 authorized to be hereRefreshments 4 good seating facilitiesFirst Aid Point 5 excellent choiceRest Area 6 cool, protection from the sunQuestions 7-9Write NO MORE

5、 THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.7.Where is the best place to end the race? 8.What have the caterers promised the organizers a share of? 9.What will the charity gain from the run? Question 10Circle the correct letter A-C.10.What will be given as the second prize?A a ticketB a book tokenC a mealSect

6、ion 2Questions 11-20Question 11Write ONE WORD for the answer.11.In the next few weeks the employees will have to work many extra to prepare for the conference.Questions 12-17Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Family in 21st Century ConferenceNameDutiesNotesLucyarr

7、angeaccommodationtry to get rooms at the (12) -cheaper there.(13) arrangetransportmust use taxi firm with (14) carsAlicedeal with the (15) companycheck dietary preferences of delegates-some (16) ?keep meals simple-must be (17) due to lack of fundsQuestion 18Circle the correct letter A-C.What time wi

8、ll the conference begin?A 8.15B 8.30C 8.45Questions 19-20Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.19.Where will lunch be served on the first day? 20.Who has Professor Stanley been cooperating with? Section 3Questions 21-30Question 21Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer.21.Gilda ORourke

9、is a student.Questions 22-29Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer.Free English classes run by the universityMaxton Language SchoolPrivate lessonsRequirementsMust be a (22) NoneNot applicableCost Free. Just pay for (23) $(26) per hourUp to $30ExamsUniversi

10、ty of Cambridge ExamsUniversity of Cambridge ExamsPrivate teachers help you study for examsTimeClasses from 1-2pm every (24) (27) are from 9-12am. Exam classes are from 2-5pm.(29) (usually in the evening).QualityGood. Staff well qualified, and (25) get extra help.Teachers highly qualified. Rooms hav

11、e poor (28) .VariableQuestion 30Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer.30.What does Michiko say there is a lack of in class? Section 4Questions 31-40Questions 31-32Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.31.Tony considers the idea of buying a camera both .32.Tony believes that camera pri

12、ces will go down .Question 33Circle the correct letter A-C.33.Which picture is an illustration of the Wilson Sureshot? Questions 34-37Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD or A NUMBER for each answer.PriceRocket DigitalWilson SureshotPeterson FX7950200(36) Weighthalf a kilounder a ki

13、loGood Features(34) photoswide angle shots, especially (35) (37) , good lensPoor Featuresexpensiveflash, self timerQuestions 38-40Use the classifications A-C to describe the cameras.A Highly Recommended C Not RecommendedB Recommended with Reservations38.The Wilson Sureshot .39.The Rocket Digital .40

14、.The Peterson FX7 .ACADEMIC READINGNUMBER OF QUESTIONS:40TIME ALLOWED:1 HOURInstructionsWRITE ALL ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEETThe test is organized as follows:Reading Passage 1 Questions 1-13Reading Passage 2 Questions 14-26Reading Passage 3 Questions 27-40Start at the beginning f the test and read t

15、he passages in order. Answer all the questions. If you are not sure of an answer, you can leave it and try to answer it later.Section 1Questions 1-13You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Fish are amongst the oldest living creatures on the pla

16、net, with a traceable ancestry some 50 million years longer than any land-living animals. There are at least 30,000 known types of fish, with another 10,000 believed to be as yet undiscovered, living in the deepest regions of the oceans. In every ocean of the world, the variety of marine life is ast

17、onishingly rich. However, today environmental agencies are facing the increasing problems of how to deal with the alarming fall in the numbers and varieties of fish in the worlds oceans.A recent report outlined the difficulties facing fish stocks. The 200-page International Fish Stocks Report, publi

18、shed annually by the Norwegian-based Centre for the Marine Environment, makes disturbing reading. This is especially true for those involved in tracking the survival of those species of fish most commonly caught by man for food. Around Northern Europe and the Atlantic, these include cod, herring and

19、 mackerel, in addition to fish such as salmon which are hatched on the mainland but travel downstream to grow to adulthood in the oceans. In other parts of the world, the fish most commonly caught for food include various kinds of snapper, shark and tuna. In fact, there are few varieties of fish whi

20、ch are not edible.The results of this report indicate that stocks of fish are declining at a much faster rate than can be replaced by natural means f reproduction. However, one of the most surprising conclusions is that this is not a new phenomenon. Over-fishing, where more fish are removed from an

21、area than can be replaced naturally, appear to have affected fish stocks as long ago as one thousand years, if medieval reports are to be believed. Indeed, the decline of fish stocks has been lamented for as long as records have been kept. But the authors of this modern report believe that technolog

22、ical advances in fishing and storage methods have resulted in the steepest drop yet, particularly in northern waters during the past three decades.The report focuses on the problems facing countries with a North Sea coastline, including Britain, parts of Northern Europe and southern Scandinavia. The

23、re are several factors which contribute to the problems in this area. Environmental pollution plays a major role and appears to affect fish in these northern waters much more than fish in the southern hemisphere.The report is based on the work of Dr Coleen Jarvis, a member of the European Fisheries

24、Commission, and Professor Arno Sorenson at the Centre for the Marine Environment. Jarvis and Sorensons figures show quite clearly that although the most marked decrease in the number of cod, for example, was between 1960 and 1978, there is some evidence that the stocks have recovered in certain area

25、s, thanks to international legislation to protect cod from over fishing. This has largely been in the form of restrictions regarding the size of fish that may be caught, and a reduction in the quota of cod each country may fish in certain waters.Similarly, Baltic herring stocks appear to be showing

26、signs of recovery after an all-time low in the early eighties. This is partly because of strenuous efforts to reduce the amount of pollution discharged into the sea by northern countries. But against these pockets of good news, must be set the decidedly gloomy global picture. Mackerel, which were on

27、ce so common in some areas that in folklore fishermen were supposed to be able to walk across the water on the backs of these fish, have diminished to such an extent that legislation is now required for their protection. The other popular everyday staples of haddock, plaice and halibut are rising in

28、 price as their numbers decline. As one species decreases in number, fishermen move onto another species and thus cause their demise. So while cod and herring stocks recover, pressures are exerted on other species whose continued existence is under threat.It is clear, however, that there is consider

29、able disagreement within the scientific community. Researchers from green pressure groups claim that the reports seriously underestimate the scale of decline in fish stocks. But independent research commissioned by the Sea Fishermens Society argues that the reports figures are totally inaccurate. To

30、dd Marvin, an official of the Society, claimed that the data used by the green groups was collected decades earlier and ignored the results of recent research which showed a much healthier picture of fish stocks. He advocated that a wider range of fish species should be allowed to be caught and so,

31、protect the livelihood of the fishermen whose prospects for the future appear bleak.Yet, whilst official reports predict the worst for the future of many species of fish, the fact that governments and environmental agencies are fully aware of the potential consequences of allowing some varieties to

32、become extinct, gives hope that this current trend of overfishing may be reversed.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts

33、the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.There are only 40,000 types of fish left in the northern hemisphere.2.Northern Europeans eat more fish than people in the southern hemisphere.3.Fish such as salmon can be found in both fresh and salt water locations.4.Fisher

34、men have always complained that the numbers of fish are declining.5.The seas in the northern hemisphere are more polluted than those in the southern hemisphere.6.There is a general consensus that the worlds fish population has dramatically decreased.Questions 7-12Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Re

35、ading Passage 1 for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7-11 on your answer sheet.7.There are many species of fish which even today, remain .8.Fortunately for man, most types of fish are .9.The once common species of fish in Britain have become more expensive as their .10.Although cod numbers f

36、ell in the 60s and 70s, there has been .11.Some pressure groups believe that recent findings are inaccurate and the reduction in the quantity of fish left.12.Recently, fish populations in Europe have increased because of the imposition of to safeguard them.Question 13Choose the most suitable title A

37、, B, C or D for Reading Passage 1. Write your answer in box 13 on your answer sheet.A North Sea FishingB Fishing and PollutionC A Future for Aquatic LifeD Conflicts in the Fishing IndustrySection 2Questions 14-26You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage

38、 2 below.Question 14Choose the most suitable title for Reading Passage 2 from the list below.A Modern Art C Origins of ThoughtB Human Migration D Archaeological FindsOne of the main characteristics setting humans apart from the rest of the animal world is their ability to think, to be innovative and

39、 to develop an imagination. This distinction can be seen by the fact that humans have the unique facility to create art, as no other creature can see a painting as anything other than a collection of shapes and colors. What were thought to be the first examples of human art have been found on cave w

40、alls in southern Europe, deemed to be almost 40,000 years old and these give such a clear portrayal of life in the Ice Age that archaeologists have learnt as much from them as the more traditional means of analyzing fossils. Along with cave art, proof of artistic traits expressing thoughts, feelings

41、 and abstract ideas in media other than the written word are evident in jewellery and ivory carvings found in recent archaeological digs.Most archaeologists believe the cave paintings were created very soon after modern man (homo sapiens) had arrived in Europe. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa about 1

42、00,000 years ago, replaced other hominids and then started their migration to Europe via Asia around 50,000 years ago, reaching there just before the first paintings were estimated to have been done. But what had actually triggered the change in the course of human evolution, for modern man to devel

43、op the cognitive faculties to produce works of art? As Prof Richard Klein of Stanford University puts it, “There was a kind of behavioral revolution in Africa 50,000 years ago. Nobody made art before and everybody did afterwards.” He believed that a genetic change in the brain had enabled man to inn

44、ovate, to think symbolically and to make art. Humans in Africa looked anatomically modern by 150,000 years ago but Klein puts forward the notion that the additional evolutionary step, hidden in the brain, came 50,000 years ago, giving modern man the cognitive wherewithal to migrate and replace archa

45、ic populations on the way. The biochemist, David Horrobin, agrees believing that these mutations in the brain cells allowed man to make unexpected links with different events, a capability that lifted modern man to a new intellectual plane. But he also considers these changes to be responsible for i

46、ntroducing schizophrenia and depression into the make up of modern man, making him restless and creative, distinguishing him from his large brained and unimaginative ancestors.Other archaeologists agreed with Klein about the sudden flowering of art but rejected his biological explanation. Randall Wh

47、ite of NYU says, “I think what we call art is an invention, like agriculture, which was an invention by people who were capable of it tens of millennia before.” What prompted this change is a matter of speculation but it could have been due to the challenging new environment. Modern humans thrived b

48、y developing an intricate social system, with a complex division of labor and Philip Chase of Pennsylvania University thinks body ornaments and art might have helped express those new social relations. Or they may have served to distinguish modern humans from the other kinds of people they were meet

49、ing as they moved into new and perhaps hostile territory. Says White, “I have a hard time thinking its coincidental that all of this was going on in Europe at a time when you have quite a different hominid moving into a territory occupied for 400,000 years by earlier humans. A major concentration of

50、 art is right where Neanderthals were being replaced by modern humans.” He suggests that modern man sought ways to distinguish themselves from their neighbors and strengthen their own cultural ties and art was one solution.But two pieces of engraved ochre found in Blombos, South Africa have now cast

51、 doubt on the long-standing theories on the origins of art. These stones are gauged to be 77,000 years old and are carved with a pattern of crossed lines, showing that humans had a capacity for abstract thought, and use of symbols, tens of thousands of years before homo sapiens spread from Africa to

52、 Europe. This adds fuel to the arguments of some archaeologists who believe that modern behavior emerged gradually, contradicting Kleins theory. Until now there had not been very strong evidence but these stones show that some 4000 generations ago, the African ancestors of all present-day humans had

53、 acquired grammatical speech, much earlier than was first thought. Christopher Henshilwood of Cape Town University said, “They would have needed modern, syntactic language to have been able to explain to other people in the cave what the meaning of these pieces was. Here we have a good indication of

54、 an ability to think in the abstract.”Cave paintings played not only a seminal role in identifying the origins of modern man, but also had a profound influence on the development of modern art. When cave paintings were first discovered in the mid nineteenth century, many artists were rejecting the s

55、ophistication of post-Renaissance painting and sculpture with their pursuit of realistic effects and classical beauty. Instead, some artists began to identify with the abstraction and non-representational color of cave art. Indeed, this influence can clearly be seen in the works of Matisse, Picasso

56、and Jackson Pollack. But as much as shaping modern art, Jonathan Jones believes that pre-historic art was also shaped by it as without a radical disturbance of ideas of what art was, Stone Age art would never have been recognized as art at all, its flat, forcefully drawn shapes identified only as the c