短文改錯(cuò)方法和技巧

1、短文改錯(cuò)的技巧與方法短文改錯(cuò)的技巧與方法 考綱解讀 短文改錯(cuò)常給出一篇約為100詞的短文，體 裁以記敘文為主，設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤類型包括詞法、 句法、行文邏輯等。 短文改錯(cuò)知多少短文改錯(cuò)知多少 一、設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的規(guī)律： 需要添加的一般是_個(gè)；需要?jiǎng)h除的 一般是_個(gè)；從詞性的角度看， _、_和_不能 添加或刪除。 二、做改錯(cuò)題需要遵循的原則： 1. 不錯(cuò)不改。（即若把一個(gè)正確的詞改為 另一種正確的表達(dá)方式不給分。） 1 1 動(dòng)詞名詞形容詞 2 不能改變?cè)?。不能改變?cè)?。（例如：（例如：Drive will be safer. 只能把只能把Drive改成改成Driving, 不能把不能把Drive改成改成 D

2、rivers。）。） 3 多改不給分。多改不給分。（從第十一處不給分（從第十一處不給分不要不要 以為改卷老師不會(huì)數(shù)?。┮詾楦木砝蠋煵粫?huì)數(shù)?。?4 無將無將2詞改為詞改為1詞或?qū)⒃~或?qū)?詞改為詞改為2詞的情況。詞的情況。 5 通常情況下，每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤。通常情況下，每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤。 6 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改，大小寫不改，帶漢語注釋的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改，大小寫不改，帶漢語注釋的 詞不改。詞不改。 7 格式要按照題目中的要求。格式要按照題目中的要求。 三、做題步驟 通讀全文先做易；攻難再讀細(xì)分析。通讀全文先做易；攻難再讀細(xì)分析。 如何分析？ 根據(jù)常考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行篩查。根據(jù)?？键c(diǎn)進(jìn)行篩查。 短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)誤所

3、涉及的詞 類通常包括 動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞、形容詞、 介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、 從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句引導(dǎo)詞。 考考情統(tǒng)計(jì)情統(tǒng)計(jì) 考綱：考綱：考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn)考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn) 并糾正包括并糾正包括詞法詞法、句法句法、行文邏輯行文邏輯等類等類 型錯(cuò)誤的能力。型錯(cuò)誤的能力。 動(dòng)、名、動(dòng)、名、 形、副、形、副、 介、冠、介、冠、 代代 連詞和連詞和 主謂一主謂一 致致 上下文上下文 的一致的一致 性性 _考查的比例最大，考查的比例最大， 是考查的重點(diǎn)和大方向。是考查的重點(diǎn)和大方向。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞： 1. Id like to

4、 share a quote with you, which go like this:”. 2. Have realized how much time I wasted, Ive made up my minds to work hard to catch up with them. 3. The cultural treasure were belonged to the public. 4. Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song. goes Having Dressed 通常，分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分

5、詞要由句子主 語與分詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，但，但屬于屬于“be + 過去過去 分詞分詞 + 介詞介詞”的短語動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞作非謂語作非謂語時(shí)時(shí)只只需需去掉去掉be 而不需考慮與句子主語的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系！而不需考慮與句子主語的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系！ 這些這些短語動(dòng)詞常見的是：短語動(dòng)詞常見的是： be dressed in 穿著穿著 be seated behind/in /on 坐在坐在 be hidden behind/in 躲藏在躲藏在 be lost in thought 處于沉思中處于沉思中 be drunk 喝醉喝醉 be faced with 面對(duì)面對(duì) be located/situated in/

6、on/between 位于位于 be determined to 下定決心下定決心 be concerned about 擔(dān)心擔(dān)心 be based on 建立在建立在基礎(chǔ)上基礎(chǔ)上 be interested in 對(duì)對(duì)感興趣感興趣 be pleased with 對(duì)對(duì)滿意滿意 be tired of 對(duì)對(duì)厭倦?yún)捑?be devoted to 潛心于潛心于 be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于 5. Its good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improving oral English. 6. Before lea

7、ve the orphanage we took photos with them. 7. Talking to friends or family members first are always a good idea. 8. We strongly suggest that similar events are held every year! improve leaving is be 動(dòng)詞 1. 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：a 時(shí)態(tài)混淆；時(shí)態(tài)混淆； b 謂語與主語不一致（主謂謂語與主語不一致（主謂 一致）；一致）； c 并列連詞并列對(duì)象的錯(cuò)誤；并列連詞并列對(duì)象的錯(cuò)誤； d 過去分詞與過去式混淆。過去分

8、詞與過去式混淆。 2. 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混淆；謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混淆； 非謂語動(dòng)詞間的混用。非謂語動(dòng)詞間的混用。 3. 語態(tài)語態(tài) 。 4. 從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣。從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣。 5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 名詞 1. As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 2. This shop mainly sold second-hand furnitures. 3. I asked them for advices and they told me to come to the English corner f

9、requently. furniture friends advice 常見的絕對(duì)不可名詞常見的絕對(duì)不可名詞(有形容詞修有形容詞修 飾時(shí)也不能加不定冠詞飾時(shí)也不能加不定冠詞)：news, information, progress, fun, homework, weather, equipment， furniture, jewellery, baggage/luggage, clothing 4. As exchange student, I am writing to tell you I would prefer to move into a single room. 5. Under

10、 the table were my mother shoes. an mothers 名詞 1 單復(fù)數(shù)的混淆；單復(fù)數(shù)的混淆； 2 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)；可數(shù)與不可數(shù)； 3是否需要加冠詞；是否需要加冠詞； 4是否需用所有格是否需用所有格 。 副詞 1. He recognized that it was a rarely cultural relic. 2. It was one of the most exciting experiences I had never had. 3. It was until 9 oclock that we went back. 4. I can remember

11、the experience very much. rare ever not well 副詞 1. 與形容詞的的混用；與形容詞的的混用； 2.否定副詞的添加或刪除。否定副詞的添加或刪除。 3.副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配； 4. however，therefore等邏輯關(guān)等邏輯關(guān) 系副詞的誤用系副詞的誤用 形容詞 1. The popular actors are so attractive that you absolute cant miss this part. 2. Im very exciting to learn that you will start a maga

12、zine. 3. It is my favouritest way to spend the summer vacation. 4. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. excited absolutely favourite best 形容詞 1.與副詞的混用；特別注意：系特別注意：系 動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞！動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞！ 2.現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）與過去分 詞（v-ed）作形容詞的區(qū)別。 3.比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)與原形； 介詞 1. I definitely agree you on that. 2. With so many eyes

13、fixed to me, I felt very shy. 3. The majority of my class joined the activity. 4. He will go to the university in next year. 5. It is true that time is great value of with on in “be of+抽象名詞抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的形容詞相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的形容詞 這類抽象名詞前我們可用一些形容詞，如這類抽象名詞前我們可用一些形容詞，如: great, little, some, any, no, not much等來修飾抽等來修飾抽

14、象名詞，用以說明程度：象名詞，用以說明程度： be of value=be valuable有價(jià)值的有價(jià)值的 be of help=be helpful有幫助的有幫助的 be of use=be useful有用的有用的 be of benefit=be beneficial有好處的有好處的 be of importance=be important重要的重要的 be of significance=be significant有重大意義的有重大意義的 介詞 1. 介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞 的搭配；的搭配； 2. 介詞使用的混淆；介詞使用的混淆； 3. 是否要用介詞，如

15、帶是否要用介詞，如帶every, this, that, next, last等的時(shí)間狀等的時(shí)間狀 語前不用介詞，語前不用介詞，enter后不加后不加into 等等 絕大多數(shù)情況下，to是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形 ，但下列短語中的下列短語中的to 為為介詞介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用- ing形式！形式！常見的是：常見的是： pay attention to 注意；注意； look forward to盼望盼望; be devoted to，devote to 潛心于潛心于; be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于 contribute to/make contributions

16、to為為作貢獻(xiàn)作貢獻(xiàn) be/get/become used/accustomed to 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于 turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向(做做)； lead to 導(dǎo)致；導(dǎo)致； when it comes to 當(dāng)談及當(dāng)談及 ； object to 反對(duì)反對(duì); stick to 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持; adapt to 調(diào)整以適應(yīng)調(diào)整以適應(yīng); adjust to 調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng); react to 對(duì)對(duì)作出反應(yīng)作出反應(yīng); respond to 回應(yīng)回應(yīng); reply to 答復(fù)答復(fù); submit to 屈服于屈服于; refer to 提及提及; add to 增加增加; the key to 做做的關(guān)鍵；

17、的關(guān)鍵； 常見的用介詞常見的用介詞“to”表示表示“的的”的名詞：的名詞： a witness to 的證人的證人 a limit to 對(duì)對(duì)的限制的限制 the solution to 的解決辦法的解決辦法 the key to 的鑰匙的鑰匙/答案答案 the answer to 的答案的答案 the monument/memorial to 的紀(jì)念碑的紀(jì)念碑 the note to 的注釋的注釋/索引索引/附錄附錄 the exit to 的出口的出口 the entrance to 的入口的入口 the door to 的門的門 the way to 通往通往的路的路 a visit t

18、o 對(duì)對(duì)的訪問的訪問 an introduction to 對(duì)對(duì)的介紹，的介紹，的入門的入門 the attitude to 的態(tài)度的態(tài)度 the approach to 的方法的方法 the bridge to 的橋梁的橋梁 1. What he had done was praised by their schoolmates. 2. I think I can improve me a lot in this way. 3. One may find that hard to realize his dream. 4. He raised hand to answer the quest

19、ion. 5. After all, anything is more precious than time. 6. My parents are all teachers. nothing his myself it his both 代詞代詞 代詞 1. 人稱代詞人稱代詞：a 人稱代詞與指代對(duì)象不一致；人稱代詞與指代對(duì)象不一致； b 人稱代詞與反身代詞的混淆；人稱代詞與反身代詞的混淆； c 形式賓語形式賓語it 2. 物主代詞物主代詞： a 缺失缺失; b 不一致；不一致； c 形容詞性的物主代詞與名詞性的物主代詞使形容詞性的物主代詞與名詞性的物主代詞使 用混淆；用混淆； 3. 不定代詞的

20、誤用。不定代詞的誤用。 使用范圍方面請(qǐng)注意：使用范圍方面請(qǐng)注意： 用于兩者：用于兩者：both, neither, either, each other 用于三者或三者以上：用于三者或三者以上：all, none, any, one another 冠詞 定冠詞（定冠詞（the）、不定冠詞（）、不定冠詞（a, an） a.誤用；誤用；b.多余；多余；c.缺失。缺失。 1. The researchers will keep a eye on the birds. 2. They will come to your help when you are really in the trouble.

21、 3. It was a good book, and at price he could afford. 4. The first step is to have child get rid of the fear with water. a an a 連詞 對(duì)上下文的理解。（對(duì)上下文的理解。（or-and; but-and; so- and; but-though） 1. I made great effort on English, and my grades were not satisfying. 2. The room was full of smoke but the beef

22、was badly hurt. 3. She hasnt been to school, or she cant read and write. 4. Mum has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework. but and so but 從句引導(dǎo)詞 1. There is no doubt whether the Internet plays an important part in our everyday life. 2. Things such as violence often appear on the Int

23、ernet, that can seriously pollute their mind. 3. I used to spend plenty of time playing games, what made me fall far behind my classmates. that which which 4. He was wandering on the street when he saw a shop where sold second-hand furniture. 5. That he had done should be highly praised . 6. The sec

24、ond thing to consider is how to do if you disagree with him. 7. A girl of about ten was knocked on by a passing car, it drove off quickly. which What what which 8.The first time when he took part in the competition, he won a second prize. 9. Every time when you talk to someone or write a message，you

25、 show your skills to others. 從句引 導(dǎo)詞 1. 定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語 從句的引導(dǎo)詞的混淆從句的引導(dǎo)詞的混淆; 2. 從句引導(dǎo)詞與代詞的混淆。從句引導(dǎo)詞與代詞的混淆。 3. 從句引導(dǎo)詞的多余。從句引導(dǎo)詞的多余。 動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)， 還要注意形和副；還要注意形和副； 非謂語，細(xì)辨別，非謂語，細(xì)辨別， 習(xí)慣搭配要記?。涣?xí)慣搭配要記??； A A ginglegingle 句子成分多分析，句子成分多分析， 邏輯錯(cuò)誤需關(guān)注；邏輯錯(cuò)誤需關(guān)注； 代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟，代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟， 冠詞連詞常光顧。冠詞連詞常光顧。 年度最流行年度最流行“

26、咒語咒語”！ 如果你是命題老師，請(qǐng)你利用下面這篇如果你是命題老師，請(qǐng)你利用下面這篇 短文設(shè)計(jì)短文設(shè)計(jì)10處錯(cuò)誤，出一套高考短文改處錯(cuò)誤，出一套高考短文改 錯(cuò)題錯(cuò)題 Mr. and Mrs. Zhang both work in our school. They live far from the school and it takes them about an hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their gar

27、den, which is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up early and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. Besides, they often get some useful information from the internet. When summer comes, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables！ Mr. and Mrs. Zhang both work in our school. They live far from the school and it takes them about an hour