01詞義的引申正反、反正表達(dá)法

1、引申的必要性 3.1邏輯引申幾種情況 具體 抽象 比喻詞：avalanche flowering 抽象 具體 entree 轉(zhuǎn)變視角remind, Every life has its roses and thorns. 生活有甜有苦。 we have progressed a long way from the early days of electrical engineering。 She sailed into the room 抽象化引申 worewore 正說反譯 He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of w

2、ater might be a matter vco Vb df 0- .;zp0life and death. hjn 在接下來的四個星期里，消息時好時 壞，兩種情況不斷交替出現(xiàn)，一直沒 有明朗化。 Last night an uninvited guest turned up to make five for bridge. I had the kind of paper book at hand to make being the fifth at bridge a joy. an uninvited guest make being the fifth at bridge a joy.

3、 He wouldnt tell them, but kept them in suspense all day.in suspense 2.1概念范圍的調(diào)整 外延的擴(kuò)大或縮小 If you wish to be the best man, you must suffer the bitterest of the bitter. 2.1詞義引申的層次 Even after Black Friday, most bulls remained, well, bullish. Large and strong like a bull. 象牛般大的，強(qiáng)壯的 a bull market價格上漲的行情 H

4、omework 1. A number of activities will still have to occur before the goods reach the consumer. 2. The administration was free from corruption. 3. We waited in suspense to hear the end of the ghost story. 4. Its hard to begin any serious adult project because you know the kids are going to interrupt

5、 you in a few minutesyou cant even count on nap time to read a book. 5. Capital punishment is more humane because the criminal does not suffer the torture of life imprisonment. 6.I was not elected to watch my people suffer and die while you discuss this invasion in a committee It is not only Japan t

6、hat has experienced the shock of the new. Black Friday不幸的禮拜五，即有任何 災(zāi)難發(fā)生的禮拜五；復(fù)活節(jié)前之禮拜五 （神職人員于此日著黑裝）。 Definition: The day after Thanksgiving in the United States, is frequently referred to as Black Friday. General Use: One of the major U.S. holiday shopping days. The day many U.S. consumers begin Christ

7、mas shopping. The day is heavily promoted by retailers. Origin: The origin of Black Friday comes from the shift to profitability during the holiday season. Black Friday was when retailers went from being unprofitable, or in the red, to being profitable, or in the black, at a time when accounting rec

8、ords were kept by hand and red indicated loss and black profit. 形形 式式 肯肯 定，意定，意 義義 否否 定定 的的 英英 語語 表表 達(dá)達(dá) 英語的否定形式看起來似乎簡單，但實(shí)際表達(dá)卻很復(fù)雜。 一般來說，其否定的構(gòu)成通過兩種手段進(jìn)行詞匯手段 和語法手段。所謂詞匯手段是運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法和相反的詞匯及 詞組來表示一個否定的概念。所謂語法手段是指運(yùn)用具有 否定意義的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語來表示否定的概念，其中包括 形式否定，意義否定和形式肯定，意義否定兩種情況。這 種形式肯定，意義否定的形式在英語中的應(yīng)用十分普遍。 在這幾年的教學(xué)中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)掌握這種

9、表達(dá)方式是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí) 當(dāng)中的一個難點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)將自己積累和總結(jié)的一些要點(diǎn)簡單歸 納如下： 形形 式式 肯肯 定，意定，意 義義 否否 定定 的的 英英 語語 表表 達(dá)達(dá) 由半否定詞hardly（幾乎不，簡直不）（幾乎不，簡直不）, scarcely（幾乎（幾乎 沒有，簡直不）沒有，簡直不）,rarely（很少）（很少）, few, little（很少，有點(diǎn)（很少，有點(diǎn) 兒）兒）, barely（僅僅，幾乎不）（僅僅，幾乎不）, seldom（不常，很少）（不常，很少） 等詞構(gòu)成的句子表示整個句子的意思接進(jìn)于否定。如： This problem has been little studied. 對這個問

10、題幾乎還沒有研究過。 Scarcely anybody believes that 幾乎沒有人相信這件事。 由介詞短語構(gòu)成的否定，常見的有 ： out of humor , out of place , out of question , argueout of , talk out of等。等。 如： His statement was entirely out of place on such an occasion. 在這樣的場合中，他那樣說是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?形形 式式 肯肯 定，意定，意 義義 否否 定定 的的 英英 語語 表表 達(dá)達(dá) 由形容詞短語構(gòu)成的否定，常見的有： blind to;

11、 free from; ignorant of; absent from; far from; dead to 等。等。如： Mr. Williams Robert was blind to his sons faults. 威廉斯羅伯特先生看不到自己兒子的過失。 Life is far from being abed of roses 生活遠(yuǎn)非盡樂事。 在在 tooto, toofor sb. to結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The man is too selfish to help others. 這個人太自私了，從不會幫助別人。 The river is too broad for us t

12、o swim across. 河太寬了我們游不過去。 形形 式式 肯肯 定，意定，意 義義 否否 定定 的的 英英 語語 表表 達(dá)達(dá) the last + 名詞名詞 + 定語從句；定語從句； the last + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 如： Suits was the last thing he would like to wear. 那時他最不愿意穿的就是西裝。 Our mayor is the last man to accept a bribe. 市長先生決不是那種收受賄賂之人。 anything but 意為意為“絕對不，根本不，一點(diǎn)也不絕對不，根本不，一點(diǎn)也不”。 如： The

13、wooden bridge is anything but safe. 這座木橋一點(diǎn)也不安全。 He is anything but a scholar. 他決不是個學(xué)者。 形形 式式 肯肯 定，意定，意 義義 否否 定定 的的 英英 語語 表表 達(dá)達(dá) 其他固定用法：be all Greek to, be all thumbs, leave much to be desired , damn all等。等。如： He is the most ungenerous I know, you will get damn all out of him. 我從未見過他那樣的人，對人真是一毛不拔。 Bio

14、nics is all Greek to me. 我對生物學(xué)一點(diǎn)也不懂。 Im all thumbs as far as drawing is concerned. 談到繪畫，我可是一竅不通。 以上這些句型結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯都從不同程度上體現(xiàn)了將 否定意義寓于肯定的句子形式中這一語法現(xiàn)象。很好地 掌握這種否定意義的表達(dá)方式的話，將會有利于我們幫 助學(xué)生提高對英語文章的閱讀理解能力和豐富他們的英 語表達(dá)。 學(xué)一學(xué)，練一練： 兩下列句子翻譯成漢語，注意形式否定，意義肯定的現(xiàn)象。 1.The wooden bridge is anything but safe . 2.He is anything but a scholar. 3.How he managed to live is more than I can tell. 4.Dont tell him more th