第一講-虛擬語氣19頁

1、第一講 虛擬語氣第一部分 課堂筆記 虛擬語氣存在于if條件從句中和一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中 虛擬語氣與動(dòng)詞的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)形影不離 虛擬語氣是通過謂語動(dòng)詞的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的 注：以下打兩個(gè)的為已經(jīng)考試過的考點(diǎn)。第一節(jié) if 條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣一、if 條件狀語從句中表示對將來、過去、現(xiàn)在的虛擬 If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真實(shí)條件句） 如果她明天邀請我參加聚會(huì), 我就去. If she invited me, I should go to the party.(虛擬條件句) (說話人認(rèn)為邀請的可能性較小或不可能)1.對現(xiàn)在的

2、虛擬條件狀語從句的動(dòng)詞形式主句的動(dòng)詞形式If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式 (be的過去式用were)I (we) should+動(dòng)詞原形主語+would(might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.) If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.)2.對過去的虛擬條件狀語從句的動(dòng)詞形式主句的動(dòng)

3、詞形式If+主語+had+過去分詞I(we) should+ have+過去分詞主語+would(might, could)+have+過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.) 3.對將來的虛擬條件狀語從句的動(dòng)詞形式(三種)主句的動(dòng)詞形式If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式用were),通常要與一個(gè)表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用(tomorrow)If+主語(

4、任何人稱和數(shù))+should+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(任何人稱和數(shù)) +were +to動(dòng)詞原形I (we) should+動(dòng)詞原形或主語(任何人稱)+would(might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形 If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.二、混合虛擬語氣(條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一

5、致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整.)If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (從句說的是過去,主句指的是現(xiàn)在)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now三.用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句(可以改為條件狀語從句)Without air, there would be no living things. 相當(dāng)于:If there were no air, there would be no living things.But for yo

6、ur help, I couldnt have done it. 相當(dāng)于:If you had not helped me, I couldnt have done it.四、虛擬語氣的倒裝：如果條件狀語從句的謂語中有were, had或should,就可以倒裝。將were, had或should放到句首,謂語主語之前, if去掉。 變?yōu)椤眞ere/had/should+主語”的形式。如果從句沒有were, had或should,就不能倒裝。If I were to do it, Id do it some other way. Were I to do it, Id do it some o

7、ther way.If you should fail, try again. Should you fail, try again.而且,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略了if的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式.如:Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能說: Werent it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 第二節(jié) 固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣一、.It is(high) time(that)句型中的虛擬語氣在此句型中,后面的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式,.意思為“（現(xiàn)在）該的時(shí)候了”It is

8、 high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight.二、.wish+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.三.If only句中的虛擬語氣If only he were here! If only I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice!注：if only也可以用于虛擬

9、條件句中。例如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 四、在would （just ）as soon （寧愿）would sooner （寧愿）would （just） rather （寧愿）后的賓語從句中，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖虑椋粽劶斑^去的動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)。其后不加that。.Id rather I were in the rain now. Dont always make noise. Id rather you kept silent.五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的狀

10、語從句中，意為“以免”，從句要用虛擬語氣。構(gòu)成should+動(dòng)詞原形，should也可以省略。 Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain.六、.as if/as though或even if/even though引導(dǎo)的從句中的虛擬語氣如果從句中表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,則謂語動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞形式;如果指的是現(xiàn)在的狀況,則用過去式;指將來則用would(should, could)+動(dòng)詞原形.這里只看從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,與主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒有關(guān)系.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, i

11、t looks as if it were broken. He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.(倒塌)七.在表示建議,要求,命令等意思的動(dòng)詞(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的賓語從句中, 謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. Th

12、e commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.八.與表示請求,建議,命令等動(dòng)詞相對應(yīng)的名詞后面的表語從句,同位語從句用虛擬語氣.(suggesttion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order).構(gòu)成同一 Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.（表語從句）=we suggested that education not be industrialized.九.表

13、示建議,請求,命令動(dòng)詞在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中（主語從句）“It is suggested/required/request/ordered/Advised/insisted/demanded that”用虛擬語氣. 構(gòu)成同一It was suggested that he (should) attend the conference.It was requested that the trial (should) be reported openly. 十.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中（主語從句）It is important/necessary/strange/desirable/advisable/better/e

14、ssential/vital/imperative(必須的)that句型中.that引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣，should可以省略,that不能省略.It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July. 第二部分 虛擬語氣01-10年專升本考試真題共26題一、if條件句中表示對將來的虛擬1. 1014. _ tomorrow, he would be able to see

15、 the opening ceremony.A. Would he come B. If he comes C. Was he coming D. Were he to come2 116._ tight now , she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left 二、if條件句中表示對過去的虛擬3 .02-28 _ he would have come to class.A If Mike is able to finish hi

16、s homework, B Would Mike be able to finish his homework,C If Mike could finish his homework, D If Mike had been able to finish his homework,4 .04-6 _your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.A Had I not taken B If I didnt take C If I havent taken D Provided I didnt take5. 05-7 He _ killed

17、 last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night.A .might be B would be C might have been D. should have been6. 07-3 if he had been in better health, he _more books.A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written 7. 0930. _ , everything would have been all right

18、.A. He had been here B. Been here he had C. Here he had been D. Had he been here8. 1137 for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded.A. Hadnt it been B. Had it not been C. If it had been D. If it were 三、用介詞短語(without, but for)代替條件狀語從句9. 0116 _ your help, I could not have finished my work so early. A wit

19、h B by C for D without10. 038 without his wise mother, he _ such a successful scientist.A. would not become B. should not have become C. may not have become D. could not have become11. 1010. I passed the test. I _ it without your help.A. would not pass B. wouldnt have passed C. didnt pass D. had not

20、 passed四、 混合虛擬語氣12.06-23I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived五、It s (high/about)time結(jié)構(gòu)13.027 Its time the dog _ how to behave properly. A is learning B learns C learned D. to learn14.0425Its high time you _

21、the problem carefully about what you will do in the future.A are studied B must study C studied D. study15.0633 Its high time we_ something to stop road accidents. A are doing B did C will do D. do 16.08-8 Its high time _ about the traffic problem.A. something were done B. something is done C. anyth

22、ing will be done D. nothing to be done六、 在wish+賓語從句中17.06-40 I wish you _here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival.A. came B. had come C. come D. will come七、 在would (just) rather, would (just) as soon ,would sooner(寧愿)結(jié)構(gòu)中18.0230 Id just as soon _those important papers with you.A. that

23、 you wont take B. your not taking C please dont you take D. you didnt take 19.0525 Mr. Smith would just rather we_ now , but we must go to work.A. not leave B didnt leave C are not to leave D wont leave 20. 0629 I would rather you _ to the party with her. A go B went C will go D has gone八、 在表示建議,請求,

24、命令的賓語從句中21.03-11 Experiments _that accurate measurements be made. A. show B. prove C. demand D. head22.096.The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 oclock.A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing九、表示建議,請求,命令,堅(jiān)持等同位語、表語從句中的虛擬語氣23. 07-1 One of the requirements for a fire is t

25、hat the material _ to its burning temperature.A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated24.05-12We are all for your proposal that the discussion_.A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off十、主語從句25.0220 It is requested that the rent for the house _ in advanc

26、e.A. will have to be paid B. has to be paid C. should have to be paid D. should be paid 26.012It is very important that enough money_ to fund the project .A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected27.0635 It is necessary that the problem _ in some way or other.A. is set

27、tled B. has been settled C. be settled D. was settled28 1020. It is necessary that he _ the task by the end of next week.A. fulfill B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills29. 1114.I don think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned

28、 C. be assigned D. has been assigned Key:1.D2.C3.D4.A5.C6.B7.D8.B9.D10.D11.B12.C13.C14.C15.B16.A17.B18.D19.B20.B21.C22.C23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.A29.C第三部分 虛擬語氣強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 1. If you _5 minutes earlier, you _ him. A. should come; had seen B. came; would see C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen2. He h

29、esitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang _ such silly mistakes.A. made B. makes C. make D. had made4. They demanded that the books _ to the school library at once.A. return B. shoul

30、d return C. be returned D. would be returned5.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 6. It is high time that we _ to think how to deal with the money.A. would begin B. began C. begin D. begun7.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructe

31、d, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 8.If I had had enough time, I _ my work.A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished9.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane.A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caugh

32、t 10. Mr. Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week.A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 11.Had he studied hard, he _ the exam.A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed12.I wish I _ what is happening there in this room.A. know B. known C. knew

33、 D. should know13If there were no water in the world , everything _.A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead14. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known15.He ordered that the work _ right away.

34、A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished16.-Shall we go to the movie tonight? - No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay17.Mrs Black insists _ in that old hotel.A. not to stay B. not

35、 staying C. staying not D. that she not stay18.If you had spoken clearly, you would _ .A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood19.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. havent watched B. hadnt watched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watche

36、d20.Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _ achieved.A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. can not have beenKey:1D2D3C4C5B6B7C8C9C10A11D12C13B14A15D16A17D18D19B20D一、虛擬語氣過關(guān)測試1. He suggested that _ to tomorrows exhibition together.Aus to goBwe wentCwe shal

37、l goDwe go2. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline (截止日期).Amust be sent Bwould be sentCbe sentDWere sent3. It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this college.AappointedBbe appointedCis appointedDHas been appointed4. It was essential that all the necessary

38、 documents _ to the presidents office being the end of this month.Abe handed in BMust be handed inC should DHad been handed in5. It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _ to solve the problem. Awere takenBbe takenCmust be taken Dtake6. It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at t

39、he next meeting.Awill beBhasCbeDWould be7. We desire that the tour leader_us immediately of any change in plans.AinformBinformsCinformedDHas informed8. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 pm.Anot to play loud musicBShouldnt play loud musicCdont play loud music DCouldnt

40、play loud music9. It is highly desirable that a new president_ to this college.Aappointed BBe appointedCwas appointedDHas been appointed10. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. Ais not started Bwill not be started Cnot be started DIs not to be started11. It

41、 is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.Awere not playedBnot to playCnot be played Ddid not play12. Its necessary_the dictionary immediately.Athat he will return Bthat he returnedCthat he return Dthat he has to return13. I dont think it advisable that To

42、m _ to the job since he has no experience. Ais assignedBwill be assignedCbe assigned Dhas been assigned14.We are all for your proposal that the discussion_. Abe put off Bwas put off Cshould put offDis to put off15. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures_ for our

43、 defense.Ahad been takenBwould betakenCbe takenDto be taken16. Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotel.Astaying not Bnot to stayCthat he would not stayDthat he not stay17.It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.Amust beBwill be sent Care sentDbe sent18. The suggestion th

44、at the mayor _ they prizes was accepted by everyone.Awould presentBpresentCpresentsDOught to present19. It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly.Ahas made sureBmade sureCmust make sureDmake sure20. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project.Abe

45、collected Bmust be collected Cwas collected Dcan be collected21. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _ to investigate the incident.Awere set upBwas setupCbe set upDset up22. If the earth suddenly_ spinning, we would all fly off it.Ahad stoppedBstoppedChas stoppedDwo

46、uld stop23. Im sorry Andy didnt want to go to the conference, _ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.ABeingBWas he CHe had been DHad he been24. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.Ahas to g

47、etBwere to getChad gotDcould have got25. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.AWould she leaveBIf she leaves CWere she to leaveDIf she had left26. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.Awas not planned Bhas not been plannedChad not been planne

48、dDwere not planned27. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value_ by the time they were finished.Ahad lostBwould have lostCwould loseDShould have lost28. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.AHad they arrived B

49、Would they arrive CWere they arrivingDWere they to arrive29. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams.Amust have got throughBwould have got throughCwould get throughDcould get through30. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.AHad it not been BIt were notCWerentit DHad not it been31_ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.ANot being BHad it not beenCWithout beingDNot having been32. _ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.ABesidesBRegardless ofCBut forDDespite33. _ the sto