過去完成時(shí)講解

1、2021/6/211 past perfect tense 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 2021/6/212 1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或 存在的狀態(tài)。存在的狀態(tài)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。 2.I have learned 1000 English words so far. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 過去，但側(cè)過去，但側(cè) 重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在 有關(guān)

2、。有關(guān)。 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 have（has）+過去分過去分 詞詞” 2021/6/213 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2.I have learned 1000 English words so far. I had learned 1000 English words till then. 2021/6/214 構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had + 過去分詞（過去分詞（V.pp) 用法用法 ： 1. 過去完成

3、時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示過去某一時(shí)間過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示過去某一時(shí)間 或某一動(dòng)作或某一動(dòng)作之前之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 在強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作在強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作 之前時(shí)。之前時(shí)。 在強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前常常用過去在強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前常常用過去 完成時(shí)態(tài)。完成時(shí)態(tài)。 1.他說他以前見過你。他說他以前見過你。 He said that he _ (see) you before.had seen 2. 到六點(diǎn)鐘為止他們已經(jīng)工作八小時(shí)了。到六點(diǎn)鐘為止他們已經(jīng)工作八小時(shí)了。 By six oclock they _(work) for eigh

4、t hours. had worked 2021/6/215 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之 前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作， 即即“過去的過去（過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 -|- |-|- 那時(shí)以前那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 2021/6/216 2. 過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻 之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一 動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù) 到過去某一時(shí)刻。到過去某一時(shí)刻。 By six oclock they _ (work)for e

5、ight hours. When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time. 用法：用法： 1. 到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。 2. 我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長時(shí)間了。我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長時(shí)間了。 had worked had been 3.到上個(gè)月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。到上個(gè)月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。 By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years. had lived 2021/6/217

6、 1. 到昨晚上，他已寫完那封信。到昨晚上，他已寫完那封信。 By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter. 2. 他說他說Lin Tao已經(jīng)走了。已經(jīng)走了。 He said that Lin Tao _(leave) 3. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。 When I came in he _(finish) his homework. 過去完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)與 by then(截止到那時(shí)截止到那時(shí)); by 9 oclock(直到直到 九點(diǎn)鐘九點(diǎn)鐘) by the end of (在在結(jié)束結(jié)束/末之前末之前); by

7、the time(在在時(shí)之前時(shí)之前); up till then (直到那時(shí)直到那時(shí)); up until last night(直到昨晚）等連用，表示過去的過直到昨晚）等連用，表示過去的過 去。去。 had written had left had finished 2021/6/218 3. 過去完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)和 already, just, ever, yet 等連用表示過去的過去等連用表示過去的過去 。 用法用法 ： 例如：例如：1. 他告訴我說他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。他告訴我說他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。 He told me that his team _ already _ (win). had

8、 won 2. 她說她仍沒去過長城。她說她仍沒去過長城。 She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet. hadnt been to 2021/6/219 用法用法 ： 過去完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)與when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的從句連用等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的從句連用 ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間前后。，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間前后。 例如：例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已經(jīng)睡著了。她到家之前她的孩子已經(jīng)睡著了。 When she got home ,her children _(sleep).had s

9、lept 2. 在他們到達(dá)之前電影已經(jīng)開始了。在他們到達(dá)之前電影已經(jīng)開始了。 Before they arrived here, the film _ already _ (start). had started Last night, as soon as I _(finish) my work, I went to sleep. 3. 我完成作業(yè)了就去睡覺了。我完成作業(yè)了就去睡覺了。 had finished 2021/6/2110 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：主語主語+助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞（過去分詞（ v-ed） 1.They had already had breakfast befor

10、e they arrived at the hotel. 2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home. 3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here? -Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt. 4.What had your sister been before she became an actress? 2021/6/2111 二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1.由由“過去的過去過去的過去”來判定。來判定。 過去完成

11、時(shí)表示過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前 已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的動(dòng)作在前的 用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句 的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前前的，要用的，要用過去完成過去完成 時(shí)時(shí)，動(dòng)作在，動(dòng)作在后后的要用的要用一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)。如：。如： When I got to the stat

12、ion, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （ 1 ）狀語從句中）狀語從句中 2021/6/2112 （ 2 ）賓語從句中）賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作且從句的動(dòng)作 先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 如：如： She said that she had seen th

13、e film before. They explained what had happened. 2021/6/2113 2. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定由時(shí)間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過 去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned ove

14、r two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2021/6/2114 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. He felt rather tired becaus

15、e he had worked for the whole night. 2021/6/2115 Work out the rule: If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (earlier, later) action. earlier 2021/6/2116 1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. What happen

16、ed first? Millie ran back to school. a.Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late. What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late. 2021/6/2117 3.Daniel arrived out of breath - he had gone to the wron

17、g cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema. 4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station. 2021/6/2118 過去完成時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析：過去完成時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析： 1.昨晚我們看了電影。昨晚我們看了電影。 a

18、. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening. 過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去過去的過去”，只有在只有在 和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。如果時(shí)間只。如果時(shí)間只 是一個(gè)單純的過去時(shí)間，則句子只能用一般過去時(shí)，是一個(gè)單純的過去時(shí)間，則句子只能用一般過去時(shí)， 而不用過去完成時(shí)。而不用過去完成時(shí)。 2021/6/2119 2當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)放了五分鐘了。當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)放了五分鐘了。 a. The film

19、 has been on for five minutes when I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there. 在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成了的發(fā)生或完成了的 動(dòng)作，要用過去完成時(shí)。動(dòng)作，要用過去完成時(shí)。它的動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)為它的動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)為 過去，終點(diǎn)也為過去過去，終點(diǎn)也為過去，即，即“過去的過去過去的過去”。 而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)為過去，終點(diǎn)則為而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)為過去，終點(diǎn)則為 現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在。 2021/6/2120 3.到上學(xué)期末，他們已學(xué)會(huì)了五首英語歌曲。

20、到上學(xué)期末，他們已學(xué)會(huì)了五首英語歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs. by the end of last term 意為意為“到上學(xué)期末為到上學(xué)期末為 止止”，顯然它是，顯然它是“以過去某一時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)的以過去某一時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)的”， 故只能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故只能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 2021/6/2121 4.他昨天見到了他昨天見到了i

21、ll，他們已有兩年沒見面了。，他們已有兩年沒見面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years. “他們沒見面他們沒見面”是到是到“昨天昨天”為止的（而不是為止的（而不是 到現(xiàn)在為止），是過去的過去，故后一個(gè)句到現(xiàn)在為止），是過去的過去，故后一個(gè)句 子需使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。子需使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。 2021/6/2122 李梅很高興，因?yàn)樗谥锌荚嚰案窳?。李?/p>

22、很高興，因?yàn)樗谥锌荚嚰案窳恕?a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam. 當(dāng)我們表示某動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生于過去某動(dòng)當(dāng)我們表示某動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生于過去某動(dòng) 作之前時(shí)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí)作之前時(shí)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí) 態(tài)。句中態(tài)。句中pass the mid-term exam 的動(dòng)作是發(fā)的動(dòng)作是發(fā) 生在過去動(dòng)作生在過去動(dòng)作was very glad

23、之前的，故之前的，故pass 需用需用had passed表示。表示。 2021/6/2123 6.他走進(jìn)屋他走進(jìn)屋,打開燈打開燈,然后開始寫起來。然后開始寫起來。 a. He had come into the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write. 當(dāng)按順序陳述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們常當(dāng)按順序陳述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們常 常使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：常使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)作為以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)作為

24、 短暫性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作之間幾乎沒有時(shí)間間斷。短暫性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作之間幾乎沒有時(shí)間間斷。 2021/6/2124 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空(10/1) 1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born. 2. She_ already_ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom. had passed away cleanedhad 2021/6/2125 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (10/1) He had

25、 stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用用before合并句子合并句子) His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home. After had gone to arrived 2021/6/2126 按要求改寫下列句子按要求改寫下列句子(5/1) Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句：否定句： 疑問句：疑問句： 肯定回答：肯定回答： 否定回答：否定回答： Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV. Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV? Yes, he had. No, he hadnt. 2021/6/2127 選擇題選擇題(10/1) Millie