賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句

1、年 級(jí)高一學(xué) 科英語(yǔ)版 本人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版內(nèi)容標(biāo)題必修 3 Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句編稿老師林靜【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句二. 知識(shí)精講在復(fù)合句中起名詞性作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，因此名詞從句又分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。（一）賓語(yǔ)從句1. 概念及引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有連接代詞（who, whom, whose , what , w

2、hich, whoever , whatever, whichever ） 、連接副詞(when , where , how, why )及從屬連詞(that , whether, if ).例：John said （that） he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就起什么名字。That depends on

3、 where we shall go. 那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?. 賓語(yǔ)從句的種類常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句有動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句三種。（1）動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句They know that the habit may kill them.定語(yǔ)從句 他們知道這個(gè)習(xí)慣會(huì)害死他們。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他們懷疑Jack是否是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service定語(yǔ)從句. 他們想了解哪家店提出的建議和提供的服

4、務(wù)最好。（2）介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句一般情況下介詞后只能接wh- 類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，但but, except, besides等后可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。We are talking about what well do next.我們正在討論下一步做什么。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.對(duì)于他，我只知道他住在這兒， 其他一無(wú)所知。He differs from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同學(xué)們不同的地方在于他把業(yè)余時(shí)間用

5、在讀書(shū)上了。（3）形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句sure, certain , pleased , happy , afraid , surprised, sorry 等表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。Im not sure whether they will agree to such a plan.我不確定他們是否同意這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃。I m afraid that you have been given the wrong address.恐怕給你的地址不對(duì)。3. 賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。（1）賓語(yǔ)從句中whether和if可互換，但作介詞賓語(yǔ)或句中有or not時(shí)，用whether.I am not su

6、re whether /if he will come.=I am not sure whether he will come or not .我拿不準(zhǔn)他是否會(huì)來(lái)這兒。It depends on whether you can do the work well.這取決于你能否把工作做好。（2）it 作形式賓語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，it通常作形式賓語(yǔ)， 而把真正的賓語(yǔ)放到句末。這種用法通常有兩種情況：find, consider, think, feel , believe , make 等動(dòng)詞后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)后置。I have made it clear that

7、I will not accept the job.我已表明我不會(huì)接受這份工作。He feels it his duty that he should serve the people heart and soul.他覺(jué)得全心全意為人民服務(wù)是他的職責(zé)。有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如enjoy, love , like , hate, appreciate , take , see to , insist on , depend / rely on 等接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， 習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it。You may depend on it(形式賓語(yǔ)) that I shall always help you.你

8、可以信賴的是我會(huì)一直幫助你。I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.如果你能幫我一把，我會(huì)很感激（你的）。I hate it when people ask me for money.我不喜歡別人向我借錢(qián)。（3）否定前置在由I / We think (consider, suppose(猜想) , believe , expect , guess, imagine)等引導(dǎo)的從句里，如果含有否定含義， 往往把否定詞由從句轉(zhuǎn)移到主句， 構(gòu)成否定前置。I dont(否定前置)think he can finish the work on t

9、ime.我認(rèn)為他無(wú)法按時(shí)完成工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意，是嗎？（4）賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。They couldnt understand why I turned down his invitation.他們不理解我為什么拒絕了他的邀請(qǐng)。He asked what was the matter with my computer.他問(wèn)我電腦出什么故障了。（5）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句一般應(yīng)與主句的

10、時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但從句表示的是真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow.他說(shuō)他打算明天和朋友去游泳。The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問(wèn)學(xué)生們?cè)诟墒裁?。Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老師告訴我們光比聲音傳播得快。（6）賓語(yǔ)從句中that的省略在that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中， that無(wú)任何意義， 不充當(dāng)任何成分， 常省略。Make su

11、re that all the lights are turned off before you leave.你走前務(wù)必關(guān)掉所有的燈。但在下列情況中that一般不省略：動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略， 其余的that一般都不能省略。I believe that you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。主句的謂語(yǔ)和that之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。He announced, believe it or not, that he would nev

12、er forgive her.他宣布，信不信由你，他絕不會(huì)原諒她。作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。Your composition is well written except that there are a few spelling mistakes.你的作文寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，只是有幾處拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that不可省略。We think it highly probable that he is dead.我們認(rèn)為他很有可能死了。（7）在動(dòng)詞insist， suggest， demand， order， propose 等后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬

13、語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。He suggested the meeting be put off.他建議會(huì)議延期。I demand that one of you should go there at once.我要求你們中有一人立即到那里去。即學(xué)即用：1. We are wonderingour teacher will come to the party or not.AifBthatCwhyDwhether2. Do you remember _he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. i

14、f 3. He said _he had eaten nothing for a long time and _he was very hungry. A. that ; / B. / ; that C. / ; / D. what ; what 4. We can not figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astron

15、auts desire to do is walking in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how6. The way he did it was different we were used to.A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which7. The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 8. As soon as he comes b

16、ack , I will tell him when _and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 9. We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. whether C. where D. that 10. The soldiers soon reached _was once an old temple _the villagers used as a school.

17、 A. where; what B. what ; which C. where ; which D. that ; where 11. Mother asked me.Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with meCwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me12. He madequite clear that he wouldnt change his mind.AthisBthatCitDwhat（二）表語(yǔ)從句1概念與引導(dǎo)詞 在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從

18、句的連接詞有：that, whether, as, as if/though, who, whom, whose , which, whoever, whichever, where, when, howThe problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking.問(wèn)題是抽煙的人不抽煙就會(huì)感到難受。The question is how we can do the job better.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐⑦@項(xiàng)工作做得更好。What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomo

19、rrow morning.他想知道的是我們明天上午能否完成工作。2表語(yǔ)從句中需要注意的問(wèn)題（1）在表語(yǔ)從句中that僅起連接作用， 無(wú)意義，在句中不作任何成分， 通常不能省略。The trouble is that we are short of funds.困難是我們資金短缺。The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。（2）引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， whether不能用if替換。The problem is whether the book will be published.問(wèn)題是這本書(shū)是否會(huì)出版。3. 從屬連詞as i

20、f / though ; because 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句從屬連詞as if / though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于look， seem， sound等系動(dòng)詞后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。而because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于This / That / It is / was because 結(jié)構(gòu)中。It seemed as if the rain would never stop.看起來(lái)雨要下個(gè)沒(méi)完了。The little boy talked as if he were an adult.這個(gè)小男孩講起話來(lái)像個(gè)大人似的。I think it is because he was to

21、o careless.我想這是因?yàn)樗中牧恕?. 主語(yǔ)是表示建議、計(jì)劃、要求、命令（suggestion, advice, order, request, proposal , plan ，idea）等的名詞時(shí)， 其后的表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形， should可省略。My suggestion is that we should start off at once.我的建議是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻動(dòng)身。My proposal is that we should think it over before accepting it.我的提議是在接受之前我們應(yīng)當(dāng)仔細(xì)考慮。5. 在Th

22、ats why句型中， why引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句， 而在The reason whyis/was that 句型中，why引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句， that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句， 表示“原因是”. Thats why I want you to work there.那就是我為什么想讓你去那兒工作的原因。The reason why I was late for the meeting was that my car broke down on the way.我（昨天）開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因是我的車(chē)在路上拋錨了。即學(xué)即用：1. The reason _ he didnt come to our party wa

23、s _ he took a missing boy back home on his way.A. whybecause B. whythat C. thatwhyD. thatthat2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and thats _ I disagree. A. where B. why C. what D. how 3. The trouble is _we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why4. I had neither a raincoat nor

24、an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 5. What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why 6. What surprises us most is _she doesnt even know _the difference between the two opin

25、ions lies. A. what; where B. what; what C. that ; where D. that ; what7. I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. why B. when C. what D. that 8. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ?A. why B. when C

26、. what D. where9. I felt sick!I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are12. America was _was first called “India” by Columbu

27、s.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where【典型例題】1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for BeijingAhow Bwhom Cwhere Dwhich2. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if3.

28、Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision marriage almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever5. The little girl who got lost decided t

29、o remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how7. I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower. Every other day.A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. h

30、ow much8. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about _he will do or think. A. what B. whichC. whomD. that9. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one10. The companies are working together

31、 to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who11. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 12. The howTo book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no mat

32、ter who D. whoever預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)-Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars重點(diǎn)單詞system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度religion n. 宗教； 宗教信仰theory n.學(xué)說(shuō)； 理論globe n.球體； 地球儀； 地球violent adj. 猛烈的，激烈的atmosphere n.大氣層； 氣氛 unlike prep. 不同； 不像fundamental adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的harmful adj. 有害的，傷害的chain n.鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈oxygen n. 氧exist vi. 存在；生存thus adv. 因此；

33、于是puzzle n. 謎；難題 vi.& vt. （使） 迷惑； （使） 為難biology n. 生物學(xué)biologist n. 生物學(xué)家gentle adj. 溫和的； 文雅的physicist n. 物理學(xué)家climate n. 氣候crash vi. & vt. 碰撞； 墜落pull n. & vt. 拉； 拖； 牽引力float vi. & vt. （使） 浮動(dòng)； （使） 漂浮n. 漂浮物重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)in time 及時(shí)；最終；遲早in one s turn 輪到某人；接著prevent.from 使不做某事；阻止做某事cheer up 感到高興，感到振奮now that 既然，由于d

34、epend on 依賴，依靠break out (災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)watch out 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防重（難）點(diǎn)句型1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion yeas ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析。2. It exploded loud

35、ly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. be + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)3. This produced a chain reaction , which made it possible for life to develop.it作形式賓語(yǔ)。4. But when I tried to step forward I

36、found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）一. 單項(xiàng)選擇*1. You can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future Athat；what Bwhat； Cwhich；that D；that2. When the man was trying to break into the bank , he was c

37、aught by the police _. A. in a spot B. on the spot C. off the spot D. to the spot 3. On the top of the mountain, you can get a wonderful _of the nearby hills. A. view B. sight C. look D. sign *4. _if you passed the exam you would receive a reward was telling lies. A. Whoever told you that B. Those w

38、ho told you that C. No matter who told you D. Whoever told you 5. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, many people do not have the _to read a book that requires thinking . A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. freedom 6. Why not try your luck downtown , Bob? Thats _the best jo

39、bs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 7. Most importantly, parents should choose correct ways to _their children. A. bring up B. bring down C. bring in D. bring out 8. It is a specially protected area. People are not _to cut down trees and hunt animals. A. permitted B. allowing C. advised D. permi

40、tting 9. How do you _your long absence from classes without asking for leave? I have nothing to say. A. account B. account for C. count D. count for 10. It doesnt seem ugly to me . _, I think it is rather beautiful. A. On the contrary B. On a contrary C. On one contrary D. On contrary11. It is very

41、_of her to leave without telling us. A. polite B. politely C. rude D. rudely 12. Older people may _their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. A. seek B. scream C. bow D. spot 13. It is _that the same event repeated itself years later in the same place. A. unabl

42、e B. unbelievable C. independent D. impressive*14. In the earthquake, parents are willing to do _they could _their children. A. whatever, save B. whatever, to save C. what , saving D. what , to save 15. When you answer questions in a job interview , please remember the golden rule: Always give the m

43、onkey exactly _he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 二完形填空*I used to find notes left in the collection basket of the church, beautiful notes about my homilies (講道)and about the writers thoughts on the daily readings. The 16 fascinated(吸引) me. But it was a long time 17 I met the author of the no

44、tes.One Sunday morning, I was 18 that someone was waiting for me in the office, a young woman who said she 19 all the notes. When I saw her I was 20 , since I had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office. Her 21 was bowed and when she raised it to look at

45、 me, she could barely 22 without pain. Her face was disfigured(畸形), so smiling was very 23 for her.We 24 for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.As it 25 , we went to lunch several times, and we shared things about our 26 . We spoke of authors we were both 27 ,an

46、d it was easy to tell that 28 are a great love of hers.She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look 29 . I know that her condition 30 her deeply. Yet there was a beauty to her that had nothing to do with her 31 . She was one to be listened to, whose words came from a wounded 32 lovi

47、ng heart. She possessed a fine tuned sense of beauty. Her only 33 in life was the loss of a friend.The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the 34 for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace 35 befriended her, and showed her what is real.16. A. questions B. ideas C.

48、notes D. basket17. A. since B. after C. when D. before18. A. told B. warmed C. suggested D. showed19. A. lost B. left C. dropped D. collected20. A. shocked B. satisfied C. frightened D. disappointed21. A. hand B. arm C. head D. neck22. A. stand B. smile C. speak D. sit23. A. pleasant B. bitter C. ug

49、ly D. difficult24. A. chatted B. discussed C. drank D. greeted25. A. turned out B. turned up C. came out D. came up 26. A. families B. beliefs C. hobbies D lives27. A. popular with B. fond of C. familiar to D. concerned in 28. A. friends B. churches C. writings D. books29. A. friendly B. happy C. at

50、tractive D. usual30. A. hurt B. impressed C. changed D. defeated31. A. fame B. wealth C. interest D. appearance32. A. and B. or C. but D. also33. A. fear B. wonder C. defeat D. anger34. A. dream B. surface C. imagination D. time35. A. it B. they C. which D. what 三閱讀理解AMany of the customs that are po

51、pular at weddings today date back to hundreds of years ago. Most of us dont know the reasons any more but people today follow them because they are good fun.Today the bride (新娘) carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the evil spirits and to cover th

52、e smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get something from her. Today, the bride will offer the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if you catch the flowers, you w

53、ill be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.In early times, the bridesmaids (伴娘) and the bride all wore similar dresses. This was to confuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but the bride wears a different dress that is often white. M