表語從句詳解

1、、概念表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句.放在系動詞之后，一般結構是主語+系動詞+表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有 be, look, remain, seem可以接表語從句的系動詞有:2.feel ,seem,look,appear,sou nd,taste,smell3.sta nd,lie, remai n,keep,stay4.become,get,grow ,turn,go ,come,run,ve,turnout(bei ng,bee n,am,is,are,was,were)困難是我們資金短缺The trouble is that we are short

2、 of money.That is why stone walls are used in stead of fences around New En gla nd fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因At that time, it seemed as if I could nt think of the right word an yhow.當時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃?引導表語從句的詞:從屬連詞 that、whether、as though、as if （That引導表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略.）關系代詞 who, what, which, w

3、hom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;關系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever由從屬連詞 that , whether 引導的表語從句 .that在引導表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、是否.這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question（問題），trouble（ 麻煩），problem（問題），result（ 結果），chance（可能性），suggestion（ 建議），idea（想法），reason（理由）等.表語從句對主句主語進行說明

4、、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化.例如:The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢.The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson

5、s.我們不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣由關系代詞引導的表語從句關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略.例如：The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作Thats what he is worry ing about.那就是他在擔心的事 .Thats what we sho

6、uld do.那是我們應該做的.關系副詞when, where, how, why除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間，地點,方式或原因狀語，本身具有由關系副詞引導的表語從句去把雨衣拿來.就在你原來放的地方詞義.例如： Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella. That s why I got wet through.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every ye

7、ar.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔心的.由連詞 because , as if/as though等引導的表語從句 .It looked as if it was goi ng to snow.看起來好像要下雪了 .Thats because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事 .It seems as if he didn t know the answer.好像他不知道答案.注意A. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序False: The question is when can

8、 he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive atthe hotel.B. 不可以用if，而用whether連接表語從句（as if 例外）.引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether位于句首時要用 whether.引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whether.False: The questi on is if the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: The questi on is whether the en emy is

9、 march ing towards us.Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questio n.C. 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D. that在表語從句中不可以省掉.基本用法表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞.名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語

10、從句例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西.（how在表語從句中充當方式狀語）The scissors are not what I need.這把剪刀不是我所需要的.（what 在表語從句中充當賓語 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.（what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tel

11、l you.那就是我想要對你講的.（what在表語從句中充當直接賓語）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.（why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告 訴他的 是我會給他找個好劇本.（what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的.（what在表語從句中充當直接賓語）That is w

12、hy she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因.（why在表語從句中充當原因狀語）That is why.是常用句型，意為這就是”的原因/因此”，其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語，該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進行總結，又如:That is why you see this oldwoman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因.（前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進行概括）.That is why Icame.這就是我來的原

13、因下面是兩個與That iswhy.形式相似的結構，它們與That is why.結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚:（1）That is why. 與 That is the reason why. 同義， 只 不過從 語法結 構上講Thatisthereasonwhy.中why引導的是一個定語從句 ，將其中的thereason去掉則與 That is why.結構一樣，例如：Thatis（thereason） why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由.Thatis because.句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型，意為這就是為什么”

14、/因為” .That is because.與Thatis why.之間的不同在于 That is because.指原因或理由Thatis why.則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film lastnight.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè).（第一句話說明結果，第二句話說明原因）He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it la

15、stnight.他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒有去看.（第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果） 表語從句與賓語從句的關系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同 .故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句 賓語從句（1）對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點語序:從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即主語 +謂語這種形式.時態(tài)：當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以是任何時態(tài) ，而當主句是一般過去時的時候，從句，從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài)，即一般過去時，過去進行時,過去完成時，過去將來時）.連接詞：當從句意思完整，主句意思肯定時，連接詞用that,且可以省去，

16、當從句意思完整，主句意思不確定或含否定含意時常用if或whether（是否）,當從句意思不完整時,連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑 問詞表語從句.表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同也是在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面如：What thepolice wantto know is when you en teredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間.The troubleis that weare shortof funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y名詞性從句的一種金.This is what we shoulddo這是我們應當做的注意：從句中的疑問句用正常

17、語序，即陳述語序.as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句She seems as ifshehaddone a great thing她看起來好像 做了 一件大事.Itis becauseyoueattoomuch是因為你吃得太多了單項選擇1. The questi on iswe willhave our sports meet nextweek.A.thatB.if C.whe n D.whether2. The reason why he failedishe was too careless. A.becauseB.thatC.for D.because

18、of3. Go and get your coat. It syou left itA. where B.thereC.there where D.where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedD. that we can getA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift give n by us. A. thatB. ifC. whetherC. why D. whatA. that B

19、. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much. A.why B.whe n C.what D.becauseD.不填6. The reas on isI missed the bus. A. that B. whe nC. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time. A. that B. whe n8. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.10. The reason why he hasn t com

20、e isA. because his mother is illB. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born That ishe likes the place so much.A. that B. whatC. why D. howisLu Xun once lived. A. whatB. where C. that D. why13 your father wants to know is getting on with your st

21、udies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How； that you areD. What ； how youare14. The trouble is we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was was first called India by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronge

22、r. It is no longer .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used tobe17. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. Thatwhat C. What what D. That what18. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. s

23、uch19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is thatyou had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. where20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason B. That s why C. There s why D. It s how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this mo

24、rning. A. when B. which C.where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?- Oh, that s .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C

25、. in the way D. the way which句子翻譯1. 這就是我想做的 2. 這房子正是他最需要的東西 . 3.的這就是Henry怎樣解決問題4.務問題是誰能完成這項困難的任5.今天討論的話題是未來的學校會是怎樣的6.堵.他遲至U的原因是交通擁7. 了 .事實是他對我撒謊coatis stillhadneitherthrough.(get)11.(disagree)你一直說每個人應該是平等的這就是我不同意之處.(where)你的外套仍然在你放的地rain coat nor an umbrella. That is我既沒有雨衣也沒有雨傘.這就是為什么我全身被淋濕的原因It sou

26、ndsthe door.(as if) 聽起來好8. You aresay ingthatevery oneshould be equal, and this is 像某人正在敲門.12. It seemsin terestedin Henry.(become)好像倫敦所有人都變得對亨瑞感興趣.last time we had great fun was the Water Park.(visit)上一次我們玩得很開心的時候是我們正在參觀水族公園的時候that/what 的區(qū)別1. your father wants to know is gettingon with your studies

27、.A.What;how are youB.That;how youareC.How;thatyouareD. What; howyouare2.The troubleisweareshort of tools.A. whatB.thatC. howD.whythat3.America waswasfirstcalledIn diabyColumbus.A.whatB. whereC.the placeD.there where4.Ch inais beco mingstron gerandstron ger.Itis no Ion gerA.whatit used to beB.what it

28、wasusedtobei ngC. whatitusedto beingD. whatitwas usedtobe5.he reallymeans ishe disagreeswith us.A.WhatthatB. ThatwhatC. WhatwhatD. That what6. The energy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C.what D. such系動詞分類：一、根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結構， 我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類： 完全系動詞 （其后只能跟表語的動詞， 如 be, seem） 和半系 動詞

29、（其后既 可跟 表語作系動詞用法，也可 跟賓語 或狀語 作實義 動詞 用，如 look ） 例如： 1） He looked sadly at the boy.（ 看著，實義動詞用法 ） He looks a clever boy . （看起 來，系動詞用法）2） He looks at a clever boy. （看著，實義動詞用法） 在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞，既有實義動詞用法，又有系動詞用法 . 二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A.五大感官系動詞B.狀態(tài)系動詞 C.動態(tài)系動詞D.雙謂語系動詞A五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì) .由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞 .1

30、 look 看起來像是，后接 adj. 、n. 、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等 .The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful. 這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思 .2 smell 聞起來,后接adj. 分詞 . Theflowerssmellsweet.這些花氣味真香 .3. sou nd聽起來，后接分詞 .Themusicsounds sweet. 這首詩聽起來真悅耳4 taste 嘗起來,后接分詞 .Theapplestastevery good. 這些蘋果很好吃 .5. Feel摸起來，給感覺；覺得，后接adj./.You willfeel bet

31、terafteranight s sleep. 睡上一晚,你會覺得好些 .B. 狀態(tài)系動詞：1. be,是，屬完全系動詞.I am a student.我是一個學生.2. seem,似乎，好像，完全系動詞.They seem quite happy.他們似乎很快樂.3appear, 顯得,看起來好像,半系動詞. Itappeared（to be）a truestory. 看來這是一個真實的故事 .4 . keep, 保持的狀態(tài)，半系動詞，后接 adj 或介詞短語.You d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.5remain, 仍是,半系動

32、詞 .I remained silent. 我仍然緘默 .6stay 保持（某種狀態(tài)）,半系動詞,后接 adj. 、過去分詞 . The window stayed open all the night. 證明是,半系動詞,后接 adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful.這種療法證明是成功的C.動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程1. get變成，變得起來，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語The days are getting longer and longer.白天變得越來越長了2 fall 進入（某種狀態(tài)） ，成為，后常接以下形容詞：as

33、leep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.Theold men,unableto expresshimself, fellsilent.那位老人說不清自己的意思，就不做聲了 .Myfather fellilland died.我的父親生病死了3grow漸漸變得起來，長得It s growingwarm.天氣漸漸暖和起來了 .4 turn 轉變成新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）Maple trees turn redinautumn.楓葉在秋天變紅了 .It was cloudythismorning,but fortunately ithasturne

34、d fine.今天早上是陰天，幸好已經(jīng)轉晴了 .5. go,變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）The telephone has gone dead.電話不通了 .The materialhas gonea funnycolour.這料子的顏色變得奇怪了goadj.bad, blind,wild, wrong, sour,hard,hungry,mad, red,with, anger, white,pale, blue, grey.6. become 變成,成為好壞均可的情況）I became interestedin drawing.我開始對素描感興趣了He became angrywith me. 他

35、對我生氣了 .They became goodfriends.他們成了好朋友 .7.come,變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）,證實為,后常接形容詞或前綴 un- 的過去分詞作表語,表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化Hiswishto becomea pilothas come true.他想當飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了Ifyoulook intothematter,everything willcome clear.如果你調(diào)查一下這事,一切都會清楚.后面常接的形容詞還有：apart,dear昂貴）, natural,open, short, right （好了）, unstuck （沒有粘住） ,untied （松開） .8

36、. run, 變成,后接 adj.The price ran high.價格上升了9. make,達到某種狀態(tài)后接形容詞，女口 sure,certain,merry, bold, freeWe must make certain of facts. 我們一定要弄清事實 .D.雙謂語系動詞此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義例如： The run rose red. 太陽升起紅艷艷 .She stoppedand stood quitestill.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著 . The snow lay thickon the ground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上He m

37、arried young.他結婚很早 . Lei Feng diedyoung. 雷鋒早逝 .He continuedsilent. 他繼續(xù)沉默不語.系動詞單項選擇題The storysounds(MET89)A. tobe trueB.as trueC. beingtrueD. trueThose orangestaste_(MET91)A.goodB.wellC. to begoodD. to bewell-Areyoufeeling_?-Yes,Imfine now/(NMET92) A.anywellB.any betterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter CanIjo

38、in theclub,Dad.Youcan whenyouabitolder.(NMET94)A.getB. willgetC. get D. will have got-Doyou likethe material?Yes,itvery soft.(NMET 94)A. is feelingB. feltC. feels D. is feltI loveto go tothe seasideon Summer. Itgood to liein thesun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makesCleaning women inbig cities usually getby the hour.(NMET98) A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay Why dontyouput the meat in the fridge?Itwillforseveraldays.(NMET2003)A. bestayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed系動詞鞏固練習 What youhave saidAissounded interestingB sounds interestingC soundintere