11動詞時態(tài)-沖刺2020年中考英語小題精練解析版

1、11動詞時態(tài)-沖刺2021年中考英語小題精練序號內(nèi)容第一局部語法講解第二局部一、兩年年真題、新題精練二、強化與穩(wěn)固練習(xí)、18年各地真題第一局部：語法講解動詞的八大時態(tài)精講動詞的時態(tài)一一，一般現(xiàn)在時在英語中，不同時間里以不同方式發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用不同的動詞形式來表示，動詞的這種不 同形式稱為動詞的時態(tài)。時態(tài)從時間上劃分，可分為四大類：現(xiàn)在時；過去時；將來時；過去將來時。從行為上，每一類可以分為 四種形式：一般式；進行式；完成式；完成進行式。這樣英語的動詞合起來，總共有十六種時態(tài)，初中只 需掌握其中的八種時態(tài)。1、一般現(xiàn)在時1一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、習(xí)慣性的動作或主語所具備的性格和能力

2、等。 當(dāng)動詞是be時，第一人稱用am,第二人稱用is,其他人稱用are. 當(dāng)動詞是實義動詞時，一般用動詞原形，但如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞必須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，其變化規(guī)那么如下：變化規(guī)那么例 詞一般在動詞詞尾加-s,makes drives以s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的動詞加-esguesses goes以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾的，變 y為i，再加-escarries flies助動詞do 第三人稱單數(shù)用 does構(gòu)成否認句、疑問句及答語，但要注意助動詞后原來的謂語動詞要恢復(fù) 原形。例如：I like musicdon t like music.Do you like music?Y

3、es, I doNo, I don(2) 般現(xiàn)在時的用法 表示經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣性動作，常和often, usually, every day, sometimes, always等時間狀語連用。如:He goes to school by bus every day.They ofte n play football 表示能力、職業(yè)、特征。如：|Miss Gao teaches En glish.Do you speak Japa nese? 表示客觀存在。如：|The earth moves round the sun.Time and tide wait for no man. 表示已經(jīng)安排好或

4、方案好的事。如The plane takes off at 7:30.Classes begi n at 8:00 在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：If I see him, I ll tell him to give you a call.we ll wait until he comes back.a. 般現(xiàn)在時的一些常見的時間狀語有：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, n ever, every day, nowand then, from time to timeb. 現(xiàn)在進行時有時用來代

5、替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一個經(jīng)常性的重復(fù)的動作或狀態(tài)。這時句中常帶always, forever以表示說話人的某種感情，如贊嘆、厭煩等。如：He is always thinking of others.He is always talki ng big.二，一般過去時(1) 一般過去時表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 當(dāng)動詞為be動詞時，應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的過去式：am is was are were否認形式為： was not - wasn t were nol- were nt疑問句是將was, were置于主語之前。I was in Grade Three last term.I wasn

6、 t in Grade Two last term.Which grade were you in? 當(dāng)動詞為實義動詞時，用動詞的過去式，過去式的變化有規(guī)那么和不規(guī)那么變化。規(guī)那么變化如下：變化規(guī)那么例詞一般情況在詞尾加-ed。worked以-e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-d。used lived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-ed. studied carried重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫此輔音字母再加 -ed .stopped fitted動詞過去式的不規(guī)那么變化需要逐個記憶。見初三教材后的不規(guī)那么動詞變化形式表。go - went beg in - bega n sleep - sl

7、ept run - ran |I heard the good n ews just now.The twins didn t go to school last weekDid you see the film yesterday ?2一般過去時的用法 表示過去某一時間或一段時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的狀語連用：yesterday, last week, aminute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days 等。例如：They had a baby last mon th.My mother was ill yesterday.He wen

8、t out just now. 用于since引導(dǎo)的從句，主句的謂語動詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時，since引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用一般過去時。如：He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.You haven t changed much since we last met.a.表示過去的時間狀語常見的有：yesterday, last ni ght(week, year, mon th, Sun day), the n, at that time, just now, afew daysweeks, mon ths ago.以及由 after

9、, before, whe n, while 引導(dǎo)的的表示過去的時間狀語。b.一般過去時可以用來表示現(xiàn)在的時間，這主要用于日常會話，使用的語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣。如：I wan ted to ask if I could borrow your bike.三，一般將來時1 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomorrow, n ext week,n ext mon th, in a few days, from now on。女口I m gointo visit the museum this Sun day.I II be there in half an h

10、our.we II arrive tomorrow.(2) 一般將來時的構(gòu)成 be going to +動詞原形。Be隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化，否認句在be后面加not,疑問句是將be放到主語之后。例如：It s going to be fine tomorrow.He isn t going to speak at the meeting.What are you going to do n ext? | will +動詞原形。Will可以和各種人稱及數(shù)的主語連用。否認句在will后加not,縮寫成won t疑問句需將will提至主語之前。例如：We will have a basketb

11、all match next week.Will you come to the party?I w on t lend it to you. shall+動詞原形。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用于主語為第人稱I / we的句中，疑問句表示提建議或征求意見。如：When and where shall we meet ?Shall I turn on the TV ?(3) 一般將來時的根本用法。 “be going to砌詞原形表示 意圖即打算、方案要做某事。如：Are you going to post the letter ?How long is he going to stay here ? “be g

12、oing to砌詞原形還可以表示 預(yù)見即現(xiàn)在已有跡象說明將要發(fā)生的事。如：There are a lot of clouds. It s going to rain.It s 7:50. I m going to be late. “will +動詞原形表示客觀上要發(fā)生的事或表示帶意愿色彩的將來。女口：He will help you if you ask him.They will come back tomorrow.四，過去將來時過去將來時表示在過去將來的某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般將來 時類似，只需將助動詞改為過去式。am/ is/ are going

13、 to + 動詞原形was/ were going to + 動詞原形will +動詞原形 t would+動詞原形should +動詞原形 t should+動詞原形例如：You knew I would come.He asked me whe n he would see me aga in.Jim said he was going to see his friend the n ext day.五，現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。它是由“be動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。其否認句是在be之后加not。疑問句那么將be提到主語之前。1 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化規(guī)那么例詞一般

14、情況直接加-ing .do doing help - helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去-e加-ing take-takinghave - having重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫此輔音字母再加-ing stop - stopping set -setti ng beginbegi nning drop-dropp ing3現(xiàn)在進行時的用法。 表示說話時正在進行的動作。如：|What are you doing ?Who are you wait ing for ?I m cooking 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進行的動作，但說話時不一定在進行。如：He is working in a f

15、actory.She is translating look now. 表示不斷重復(fù)的動作。如：|The boy is always ask ing some stra nge questi ons.The childre n are singing and dancing. 表示位置移動的動詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的事。如go, come, leave, fly, start等。如：When are you starting ?I m leaving tomorrow.六，過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。過去進行時常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。女口： this ti

16、me yesterday, at that time, then, last night, at 9:00 yesterday,all night等。其構(gòu)成和現(xiàn)在進行時類似，只需將be變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去式：was/ were+動詞-ing。如:What were you doing this time yesterdayWhen I was wateri ng the garde n, it bega n to rain.I was watch ing TV.I was writing while my mother was cooking. |教學(xué)班 過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后

17、，另一個過去的動作正在進行。過去進行時也可用來 表示過去一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。如：When I was wateri ng the garde n, it bega n to rain.當(dāng)我在花園澆水時，突然下雨了。While we were having a party, the lights went out. 過去進行時還可以表示兩個過去的動作同時進行，這時可用連接詞while引導(dǎo)。如：George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio. was going環(huán)定式表示過去打算。如He was goi ng to b

18、e our team leader.他原打算當(dāng)我們的領(lǐng)隊。 過去進行時與一般過去的區(qū)別過去進行時表示在過去一段時間正在進行的動作，而一般過去時表示一個完成的動作。如：I was typ ing letters last ni ght.I typed some letters last ni ght.行時表示在過去一段時間正在進行的動作，而一般過去時表示一個完成的動作。如：I was typ ing letters last ni ght.I typed some letters last ni ght.第十九課時 動詞的時態(tài)五教學(xué)重點現(xiàn)在完成時一|七，現(xiàn)在完成時1 現(xiàn)在完成時表示某個動作發(fā)生在

19、過去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響或結(jié)果，這個動作或狀態(tài)可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束, 也可能還要持續(xù)下去。其構(gòu)成形式是：have/ has +動詞過去分詞否認句在 have/ has 后力口 not 宀 haven t/ hasn t 疑問句要將have/ has放到主語之前。2現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。常用的時間狀語有：already, yet, ever, never, just等。如:I have already fini shed the work.Have you ever bee n to Beiji ng?He has n ever see n such a nice c

20、ar. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。往往和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：for +時間段；since +時間點表時間段；時間段 +ago; 般過去時態(tài)。如：I have taught in this school for ten years.I have taught in this school since ten years ago. for和since引導(dǎo)的短語都表示一段時間，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動詞，不能用非延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示該動詞可以延續(xù)一段時間，如：live, work, study, teach, stay等，非延續(xù)性動詞是指該動詞所表示的動作不能持續(xù)，是

21、短暫的、瞬間完成的，如：borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die等。許多非延續(xù)性動詞可以用意思相同或相近的延續(xù)性動詞來表示：leave - be away from arrive - be ingo - be away come - be in / at finish - be overbuy - have borrow - keep die - be deadjoin be in/be a member of begi n be on女口： He has gone .He has bee n away for an hour.I have bought a

22、watchhave had the watch for several days have/ has been to 禾口 have/ has gone tohave/ has been to :曾去過have/ has gone to :已去，去了不在說話現(xiàn)場，在途中或已經(jīng)到達|My mother has bee n to America.我媽媽曾經(jīng)去過美國My mother has go ne to America. 我媽媽已經(jīng)去了美國3 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比擬 一般過去時只單純表示過去，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用。而現(xiàn)在完 成時表示某一完成的動作對現(xiàn)

23、在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和確定的過去的時間 狀語連用。如：We have visited the farm 現(xiàn)在對農(nóng)場有所了解We visited the farm last week 說明上周參觀農(nóng)場這件事 如果詢問某事發(fā)生的時間、地點只能用一般過去時。如：When did you lose your cat ?I lost it last ni ght.I found it in the garde n.第二十課時 動詞的時態(tài)六教學(xué)重點現(xiàn)在完成時二過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時難點：| 由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，它們的主句通常使用完成時態(tài)。He has taught En

24、glish si nce 1970.It has bee n a long time since I last saw you. 只有在It issince這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂語才可用一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。如：It s ten years since I left school.It aslong time since I saw you last. 表示短暫性的動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，這類動詞有：beg in, borrow, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, fini sh,join, kill, lend, leave, sel

25、l, start, stop 等，如：不能說： His father has died for three years.只能說： His father died three years ago.不能說： He has left home for two mon ths.只能說： He left home two mon ths ago. 非延續(xù)性動詞的否認形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)?？膳cfor, since時間狀語連用。如：I haven t seen him for a long time.I haven t heard from him since he left.She hasn t lef

26、t home ever since she lost her job. have(has) been 禾口 have (has) gone 的區(qū)別。Have been to a place意思是 到過、去過表示曾到過某處， 但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒；have gone to意思是 去了 表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒。如：Has she ever bee n to Nanjing ?You have n ever bee n there before, have you?I have bee n to Guili n, I went there last year.總之，have b

27、een to講的是過去的情況，強調(diào)去過或沒有，著重于到目前為止的一個結(jié)果，而have gone to指現(xiàn)在人在不在，只用于第三人稱，不用于第一、第二人稱，不能用來代替have been to.2、過去完成時1 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：had +動詞過去分詞。 否認、疑問句同現(xiàn)在完成時一樣。2用法 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即過去的過去女口：The meet ing had begu n whe n we got there.He said he had see n the film. 表示某一動作在過去某一時間已經(jīng)開始，一直

28、延續(xù)到過去的另一時間，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如：The film had bee n on for ten minu tes whe n we got there.She said that she had made much progress since she came here第二局部：中考英語語法之一一動詞時態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練一、兩年真題、新題精練1. (2021 江西)Hurry up!One moment. Imy e mails and then I m ready to go.A. Read B. am readi ngC. was readi ngD. have

29、read2. (2021 北京)Our school lifea lot si nee 2021. We have more activities now.A. changes B. changedC. will cha ngeD. has cha nged3. 2021 南京一Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro?A couple of days. Iit last week.A. Bought B. bu C. will buy D. have bought4. 2021 武漢Hehis English teacher when h

30、e was sightseeing in Paris.A. has met B. had met C. Met D. would meet5. 2021 武漢She s brought you some eggs. As you know, shechickens.A. keeps B. will keep C. has kept D. kept6. 2021 蘇州Amonhis ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.A. will sail B. is saili ngC. was saili ng D. has

31、sailed7. 2021 鹽城Each of usa life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.A. has B. have C. will have D. had8. 2021 合肥 45 中三模Will you please say it again? Iyou then.A. didn t catchB. haven t caughtC. wasn t catching D. don t catch9. 2021 亳州市一模 一Have you finished your homework yet?Yes, Iit twenty

32、 minu tes ago.A. have fini shed B. fini shedC. will fin ish D. had fini shed10. 2021 安徽黑馬卷 What s your plan for the comi ng weeke nd?Ithe Space Museum with my classmates. We want to know more about space.A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit11. 2021 安徽定心卷 I passed by your office this mor

33、ning, but found there was no body.Yes. Ia meet ing at that mome nt.A. had B. was havi ng C. have D. am havi ng12. 2021 安徽黑白卷 Hello, this is Mary. May I speak to Mrs. Smith?Hold on, please. Shein the kitche n.A. has cooked B. cooks C. will cook D. is cook ing13. 2021 新題Da ni el likes ani mals very mu

34、ch and heto the zoo twice a mon th.A. went B. goes C. has gone D. will go14. 2021 新題My grandpa always his glasses when he reads books, for his eyesight isbeco ming worse and worse.A. wears B. wore C. will wear D. is weari ng15. 2021 新題I m sorry that youmissvd the bus. It10 minutes ago.A. left B. is

35、leavi ng C. leaves D. will leave16. 2021 新題Sorry, I need to go to the library at the moment. Lilyfor me there.A. waited B. is wait ing C. waitsD. has waited17. 2021 新題It is hard to say which team the game. There are 10 minutes before the gameen ds.A. won B. wins C. will win D. has won18. 2021 新題Plea

36、se be quick! The sky is covered with black clouds. I m afraid itA. rai ns B. is going to rainC. rai ned D. was rai ning19. 2021 新題 Our monitor likes reading very much. Hemore than 30 books since last term.A. read B. will read C. is readi ng D. has read20. 2021 新題I d like to introduce my best friend

37、to you, Peter.Thank you, Lucy. But webefore.A. meet B. met C. have met D. will meet兩年真題、新題答案解析：I. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A8. A9. B 10. DII. B12. D13. B14. A15. A16. 17. C18. B19. D20. C、強化與穩(wěn)固練習(xí)與 18年各地真題含時間標(biāo)志詞1. 2021 北京Where did you go last weekend?Ito the Great Wall.A. go B. wentC. will go D.

38、 have gone2. 2021 北京Please dont make so much noise. The babynow.A. sleeps B. sleptC. will sleep D. is sleepi ng3. 2021 北京lts nice to see you agai n. Weeach other si nee 2021.A. wont see B. dont seeC. have nt see n D. did nt see4. 2021 上海Last week Viviana dress for her mother with her firstmonth sala

39、ry.A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buy5. 2021 天津My motherdinner when I got home yesterday.A. has cooked B. was cook ingC. will cook D. cooks6. 2021 天津一What a nice watch! How longyouit?For just two weeks.A. will; buy B. have; hadC. were; havi ng D. did; buy7. 2021 重慶 A 卷lthe History Museum twic

40、e. Ive learned a lot there.A. visit B. am visiti ngC. have visited D. will visit8. 2021 重慶 B 卷lChinese dishes for my foreign friends tomorrow evening.A. will cook B. have cookedC. cook D. cooked9. 2021 廣東With the developme nt of scie nee and tech no logy, robot cooksin our families in the future.A.

41、appear B. appearedC. will appear D. were appeari ng10. 2021 福州The boy misses his parents very much.So he does. Theythe hometow n for n early two years.A. have left B. will leaveC. have bee n away from11. 2021 福州一Pass the rain coat to me, please. Ithard now.Here you are.A. is rai ning B. rained C. wi

42、ll rain12. 2021 青海Its a great pity that the famous football player has gone to another club.Dont worry! Theyano ther top star recen tly.A. buy B. bought C. have bought13. 2021 哈爾濱Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now?Certainly. In the prin cipals office. Theyhappily at that time.A. are

43、 talki ng B. have talked C. were talki ng14. 2021 青島William Shakespearefor 400 years, but his works still have great in flue nee today.A. died B. was dyingC. has died D. has bee n dead15. 2021 威海Is that a new coat?No, Iit for a long time.A. bought B. have bought C. have had16. 2021 臨沂Did you call Je

44、nny?Oh no, I forgot. Iher right away.A. called B. have calledC. call D. will call17. 2021 湘潭Marcus is our foreign teacher. Hein our school for two years.A. was B. will be C. has bee n18. 2021 資陽Look, the light is still on in Helens office.Maybe sheher work yet.A . does nt finish B . wont finishC. ha

45、s nt fin ished D . did nt fin ish19. 2021 天水By the time I got to the cinema, the moviefor ten minutes.A. has bee n on B. had bee n onC. had stopped D. had begu n20. 2021 漳州How did the accident happen?The girlWechat微信while walking across the street.A. reads B. is read ing C. was read ing21. 2021 安順I(yè)

46、called you at 5 : 00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.Sorry, Ifootball with my friends at that time.A. play B. playedC. will play D. was playi ng22. 2021 齊齊哈爾Hethe city si nee he graduated from college.A. has left B. left C. has bee n away from23. 2021 泉州Have you watched the new movie Ku ng

47、Fu Panda 3, Kelly?Not yet. Iit with my classmate toni ght.A. will watch B. was watchi ng C. have watched24. Ma ny scie ntists believe that robotsable to talk like huma ns in 50 years.A. were B. are C. will be D. have bee n25. 2021 隨州Have you returned the book to the library yet?Not yet. Dont worry.

48、Iit soon.A. return B. returnedC. have retur ned D. will retur n26. I heard your father had gone to Beiji ng on bus in ess.Yes. And hein three weeks.A. will return B. has returnedC. returned D. returns27. Mrs Blacksome flowers in the garde n yesterday.A. picks B. picked C. is picked28. 2021 泰安一Have y

49、ou ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? Yes,Iin Taian for a week last year andreached the top of it twice.A. had stayed B. stayC. stayed D. have stayed29.1 still remember my happy childhood whe n my motherme to Disn eyla nd at weeke nds.A. takes B. took C. will take D. has take n30. 2021 泰州Mom, I want to

50、watch The Lege nd of Miyue 羋月傳on Cha nnel 8to ni ght.Oh, dear, itfor a few minu tes. Come on!A. has begu n B. will begi n |C. has bee n on D. will be on31. 2021 玉林一How longyouLittle Women?I am due to retur n it i n two weeks.A. have; borrowed B. will; lendC. will; keep D. have; got32. Have you been

51、to Suning Plaza蘇寧購物中心in our city?No. Although itfor more tha n a week, Im far too busy to go there.A. has started B. has bee n onC. has bee n ope n D. has ope ned33. My fathermy mother fiftee n years ago,so far theyfor fiftee n years.A. married; marriedB. has married; has been marriedC. married; hav

52、e bee n marriedD. have married; married無時間標(biāo)志詞即：通過語境判斷34. This medicinemillio ns of peoples lives si nee it was put into use.A. is savi ng B. will saveC. has saved D. had saved35. Dont worry.Bill will help you look after your dog whe n youaway on bus in ess.A. are B. were C. will be D. have bee n36.

53、My mothera good example for me since I was young.A. was B. has bee n C. will be D. is37. 2021 河北O(jiān)h no! Imy book in the lab.A. leave B. leftC. will leave D. was leavi ng38. 2021 河北Grandpaglasses when he reads.A. wears B. woreC. has worn D. was weari ng39. Just go dow n this road and youthe library n

54、ext to the bank.A. see B. saw C. have see n D. will see40.Our teamano ther poin t! I am sure well win the game.A. will get B. has gotC. is gett ing D. was gett ing41. 2021 河南There is some one knocking at the door.It must be the computer repairma n. Ihim to come to fix my computer.A. call B. have cal

55、ledC. called D. will call42. Every one wants to reach the top of the mountain, but all the happ in ess happe ns while youit.A. climb B. climbedC. are climb ing D. have climbed43. 2021 寧夏Look! Some onethe classroom.Well, it was nt me. I did nt do it.A. is clea ning B. was clea ningC. has clea ned D. will clea n44. 2021 廣東School violence暴力much attention of the whole society and p