限制性非限制性定語從句詳細(xì)講解練習(xí)附標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

1、定語從句而起用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞 （有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主語 Whowhichthat主語 Whomwhichthat賓語 Whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)例 1： This is the detective who came from London.例 2： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例 3

2、： The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4： This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用 that ， 不用 which 。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及 first, last, any,

3、only, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that, 不用 which, who ，或 whom 。例如：(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞 that, 作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不 能省略。 例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom 、are well educated.(4) which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替 主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語，也可以作

4、賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this 相似，并可以指人。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents veryhappy.(5) that 可指人或物，在從句中作表語，(指人作主語時(shí)多用 who )僅用 于限制性定語從句中。(6) which 可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè) 或是有種特征品性或才能的人。 Which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的，也可 以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用 which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用 who 。(8)

5、 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 that 。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或 whom ，不用 which 。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with youWhere ：對于關(guān)系副詞 where 的考察，趨于一種“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人 / 物的 situation ，或

6、某事發(fā)展的 stage ，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用關(guān)系副詞 where 。常見的先行詞還有 point ， case 等。3“介詞關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) “介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?！敖樵~關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for,with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom 或 which, 不可用 that 。in which =where for which =why on which = when(2) from where 為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)

7、定語從句。 例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。 例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞 when 在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語， where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語， why 充

8、當(dāng)原因狀語。2. that 可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因That 有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者 why 引導(dǎo)定語從句表示 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因，在 that 引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中， that 也可以省去。三限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞， 同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào)， 僅修飾先行詞， 可 以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或 that 來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明， 用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用 that 引導(dǎo)。2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分 ,作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副

9、詞，作主語賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后， 但定語從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定語從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1)as 多與 such 或 the same 連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞2)as 也可單獨(dú)使用， 引導(dǎo)非限

10、制性定語從句， 作用相當(dāng)于 which 。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.3) the same that與 the same a在意思上是不同的。2. As 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面， 一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，但 which 所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之 后 as is known 眾所周知， as is often the case 情況常常如此， as is supposed 如所料想的， as often happens 這

11、種情況常常發(fā)生， as is expected 在意料之 中。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.眾所周知 , 定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。 下面結(jié)合考 例談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用非限制性定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：、 that 不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terrible noise, brought her heart into

12、hermouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語從句，盡管先行詞noise屬于事物，也不能用that而要用which來引導(dǎo)。which指代noise，在從句中作主語。二、除 which 外，還可用 when， where， whose， whom 等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語 從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時(shí)相同。如：Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來臨， 屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假

13、。 （關(guān)系副詞 when 指代 表示時(shí)間的名詞n ext mon th，并作從句的狀語。）She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close frie nds她要至 U澳門去居 住，在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。（關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 Macao，并在 從句中作狀語。 ）【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was veryreasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of

14、whose【解析】選B。whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語，既可指代人，也可指 代物。指物時(shí)，常可轉(zhuǎn)換為 of which ;指人時(shí)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of whom?！究祭?In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time【解析】 先行詞 5:30 pm 與 time 之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用 which 來作定語 替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與 by 短語連用。故選 D。三

15、、在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母， 他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣 愛戴。四、 非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以 指代前面整句的含義。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others unhapp

16、y.A. who B. whichC. this D. what【解析】選B。指代“Dorothy總是高度評價(jià)自己在那場戲中所擔(dān)任的角色 ”的 整個(gè)事件。【考例五】 Carol said the work would be done by October,personally Idoubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞 October，用我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來修飾，意思不通。 應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句，表示對“Care說在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。故選Do五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)as和which的差異：從句置于句首時(shí)，非限制 性定

17、語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時(shí)，兩者都可以使用。女口：【考例六】 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earthonce every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】逗號(hào)表明為非限制性定語從句。選B?！究祭摺?is mentioned above, the number of the students in seniorhigh schools is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。非限練習(xí) +詳解place

18、 interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in whichyou know the man A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spokeis the hotel last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayedyou know the year the Chinese

19、 Communist Party was foundedA. which B. that C. when D. on whichis the day Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in whichchanges have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. where B

20、. that C. which D. thereis one of the best films .A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked you lend me the book the other dayA. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked pen he is writing is mi

21、ne.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom there anyone in your class family is in the countryA. who B. whos C

22、. which D. whosem interested in you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as isnt such a man he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as is good at English, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what Ming, to th

23、e concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went went with him dont like as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what letter is from

24、my sister, is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. whoour factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. whore the only person Ive ever met could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who lost a book, I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C

25、. the title of it D. the title of that summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. itcan never forget the day we worked together and the day wespent together.A. w

26、hen; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when way he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./ is the reason he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. whic

27、h I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after reason he didnt come was he was ill.A. why; that ;why C. for that;that which;whatis working hard, will make him pass the final exam.whichis not the way I do it.A./ which which have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of which

28、B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. whichneigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind ofthem.A. who B. which C. that D. it is the magazine I copied the paragrap

29、h.A. that B. which C. from that D. from whichis not such a man would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask t

30、he guard happened- Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who ca

31、rs increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burnA. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see

32、was goingon inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last weekA. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I

33、have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been參考答案及解析1. A. which 用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. 和誰講話 ”要說 speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。

34、whom 是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞 to 的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where 是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。4. C. when 是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。5A. which 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作 forget 的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓 語。6C. 解析同第 5 題。7. A. 解析見第 3 題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是 films, 因此，關(guān)系代詞 that 是負(fù)數(shù)概念， 其謂語動(dòng)詞 應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the, 則 the one 應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. 談“到某事物 ”應(yīng)

35、說 talk about sth.。 about 是介詞,其后要用 which 作賓語, 不能用 that。10. A. with which 是介詞+關(guān)系代詞 結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句 .with 有用的意 思，介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語，即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在從句中作狀 語.12. D. with whom 引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom 放在從句中即為：my f

36、ather works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such 是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可以作主語賓語或表語.在本題中 ,as 作表語 .17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在

37、主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作賓語.18. B. Li Mi ng enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the con cert 是定語 從句.with whom 放在從句中為:I went to the con cert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成 sucha或the sameal固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。 Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要用such a 本題 中such books, suc

38、h直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示 物的名詞時(shí) ,其關(guān)系代詞要用 that.21. D. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句，第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞 whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do在從句中作主語， 不可省略 .24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whos

39、e title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which引導(dǎo)定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for 以而.聞名.26. C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用 as. As在本從句中 作主語 .27. A.兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞，但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在 從句中作狀語 ,因此要用關(guān)系副詞 when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作 動(dòng)詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞 which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28. D.在way、distanee、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“ in或 其他介詞）+which ” when或where，而that常可