英語國家概況unit1-2新

1、l英語國家概況 Major English-Speaking Countries： A Survey 主講教師：朱桂花 l課時：32課時 l授課方式：多媒體教學 l考核方式：考試 l成績構(gòu)成：期末考試 70% 平時成績 30%（出勤率、課堂 表現(xiàn)、課后作業(yè)） Part 1: The United Kingdom When we mention the UK, What impresses you most? National flag The Union Flag or the Union Jack l The Union Flag or the Union Jack 英國國旗：俗稱“米字 旗

2、”，綜合了原英格蘭 （白地紅色正十字旗）、 蘇格蘭（藍地白色交叉十 字旗）和愛爾蘭（白地紅 色交叉十字旗）的旗幟標 志?，F(xiàn)國旗的白邊紅色正 十字代表英格蘭守護神圣 喬治，白色交叉十字代表 蘇格蘭守護神圣安德魯， 紅色交叉十字代表愛爾蘭 守護神圣帕特里克。Jack 是海軍用語，指懸掛在艦 首的旗幟。 National anthem - God Save the Queen (God Save the King) God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen God save the Queen Send her victorious

3、 Happy and glorious Long to reign over us: God save the Queen. Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour Long may she reign May she defend our laws And give us ever cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen 上帝保佑女王，上帝保佑女王， 祝她萬壽無疆，祝她萬壽無疆， 神佑女王神佑女王 常勝利，沐榮光；常勝利，沐榮光； 孚民望，心歡暢；孚民望，心

4、歡暢； 治國家，王運長；治國家，王運長； 神佑女王！神佑女王！ 揚神威，張?zhí)炀W(wǎng)，揚神威，張?zhí)炀W(wǎng)， 保王室，殲敵人，一鼓滌蕩。保王室，殲敵人，一鼓滌蕩。 破陰謀，滅奸黨，把亂萌一掃光；破陰謀，滅奸黨，把亂萌一掃光； 讓我們齊仰望，神佑女王！讓我們齊仰望，神佑女王！ 愿上帝恩澤長，選精品，傾寶囊，萬愿上帝恩澤長，選精品，傾寶囊，萬 歲女王！歲女王！ 愿她保護法律，使民心齊歸向，一致愿她保護法律，使民心齊歸向，一致 衷心歌唱，神佑女王！衷心歌唱，神佑女王！ lQueen Elizabeth II Location of the UK: The mainland areas lie between l

5、atitudes 49N and 61N and longitudes 8W to 2E Total territory: 242,514 square kilometers (roughly the size of Guangxi Province of China) No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea. The official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The UK is mad

6、e up of: l Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) l Northern Ireland l Numerous smaller islands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大大 不不 列列 顛顛 島島 愛愛 爾爾 蘭蘭 島島 東東 北北 部部 英英 格格 蘭蘭 蘇蘇 格格 蘭蘭 威威 爾爾 士士 北北 愛愛 爾爾 蘭蘭 領(lǐng) 土 組 成 Complicated Name 全稱：全稱：The Unit

7、ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 全稱的縮略：全稱的縮略：The United Kingdom or The UK 簡稱：簡稱：Britain 代稱：代稱：England Three terms lBritish Isles 不列顛群島不列顛群島 lBritain lGreat Britain Two large islands several small ones Great Britain and Northern Ireland England, Wales Scotland 1）The British Isles a ge

8、ographic term which includes two large islands, and , and 5,000 small islands. 2）Great Britain: comprises only England , and _. 3）Ireland island: includes Northern Ireland and southern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of , while southern Ireland became an independent country . 4）The UK: is made u

9、p of and . is made up of , , _ and_ Great BritainIreland island ScotlandWales The UK Republic of Ireland Great Britain Northern Ireland EnglandScotlandWales Northern Ireland What is the reference of each picture? British Isles, the UK, Great Britain, Scotland, England, or Wales? 1 2 3 45 6 The UK Sc

10、otland Great Britain England British IslesWales Geographical location (1) lThe UK is an _ country. lThe UK is located in the _ Europe. The UK island northwestern Geographic location (2) The UK is a country of island surrounded by _ ( to its east), _ (to its north) _ (to its west and between Great Br

11、itain and Ireland), _ (to its south). North sea Irish sea Atlantic ocean English Channel and Strait of Dover English Channel and Strait of Dover separate the UK from the continent of Europe. The English Channel and The Strait of Dover The English Channel （英吉利海峽）（英吉利海峽） The Strait of Dover （多佛爾海峽）（多佛

12、爾海峽） Four Components lEngland Characteristics of EnglandCharacteristics of England l Highly urbanized l The largest, most populous and wealthiest part of the UK. l Dominance in: size/ culture/ economy it makes up 130,281 square kilometers( 53.7%) of the countrys total area. In mid-2006, it makes up

13、83.8% of the total population. Though England dominates Britain, it is incorrect to use “England” to refer to the whole country, for the other three nations of the UK enjoy separate political statues in one way or another. lCapital city : London seat of government, center of business, and the heart

14、of arts and culture l Londoner Scotland lThe second largest of the four nations both in area and population. lGlasgow is the largest city, Edinburgh is the capital of the region. lPopulation density is the lowest. lScotland joined in the Union of England in 1707, but it has a separate administration

15、, different legal and educational systems. Wales lThe smallest part among the three nations on the island of Great Britain, with Cardiff as its capital. l Wales has been dominated by England since 1536. lIt retains a unique cultural, social, and economic development, and a devolved Welsh Assembly lI

16、t has its national languageWelsh Northern Ireland lThe smallest part both in area and population. lIt is also referred to as province of Ulster. lThe capital is Belfast, a centre of shipbuilding and textiles. lSince 1801 Ireland had been part of the UK, but in 1922 the Irish Free State declared its

17、independence, leaving only 6 counties inside the Union to be called Northern Ireland. Topography lA Highland zone in the north and west. lA Lowland zone in the south and east. lThe Pennines “backbone of England” Northern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less m

18、ountainous than North and Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in

19、UK Rivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long) l The second longest river: Thames (338 kilometers long) l The largest Lake: Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland Thames The longest river in the UK: Severn River NEW SEVERN BRIDGE: the longest bridge in the UK, connecting Wales an

20、d England Tower Bridge Thames best known for flowing through central London. Lake District in the Cumbrian Mountains of northwest England A popular holiday destination being famous for its 15 lakes Lake Poets (in the early 1800s): William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, Robert Southey. Lake District L

21、ake poets I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine A

22、nd twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 2. Climate Main characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall Three major features: l Winter fog l Rai

23、ny days l Instability/changeability Maritime climate lThe west of the country -wetter and milder than the east. lThe north and the west have the most rain lthe lowlands of the south and east have the least rain. lFebruary to March - the driest period October to January - the wettest. lThe temperatur

24、e is rarely low than 0 in winter or higher than 32 lJuly and August are the warmest months. lDecember to February is cold, wet and windy. II People Overall population: over 60 millions (the 18th) Population density: 243 persons per square kilometers. (twice densely than France, 9 times than the USA,

25、 100 times than Australia) Life Expectancy: 75.94 years for men 80.96 years for women. Highly urbanized: 80% living in cities and 20% living in the countryside The most densely populated area: England The least populated area: Northern Ireland Distribution: lEngland: about 50 million lScotland: over

26、 5 million lWales: around 3 million lNorthern Ireland: about 1.7million Ethnic Composition l The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons l Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people l The Irish people were also Celtic in origin l immigrants Percent

27、age of total UK Population Ethnic Groups of total l White British 85.7% l White Irish 1.2% l White (other) 5.3% l Mixed race 1.2% l Indian 1.8% l Pakistani 1.3% l Bengali 0.5% l Other Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4% l Black Caribbean 1.0% l Black African 0.8% l Black (others) 0.2% l Chinese 0.4% l Other 0.

28、4% Linguistic Composition lEnglish is the official language. lModern English: derived from the Germanic dialects spoken by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. England-English l Educated English people speak Standard English with the Received Pronunciation. l In recent decades, many people think regional

29、accents are warmer and friendlier than RE, such as the Cockneys in East London and people in northern England. ScotlandGaelic lOnly less than 2 percent of the Scots are able to speak Gaelic. lScottish people prefer Scottish accent. They even insist the BBC carry programmes with Scottish-accented spe

30、akers. Wales-Welsh lOne-fifth of Wales can speak Welsh. lThe government made Welsh a joint official language with English in Wales. lThey offer bilingual education at school and have Welsh-language television channel. The Northern IrelandIrish lIrish, another Gaelic language, is spoken as a second l

31、anguage lEnglish is the official language, Welsh, Gaelic, and Irish are the indigenous languages. lIn London, over 250 languages are spoken, making the capital the most linguistically diverse city in the world. Class Structure l the Upper Class Often people with inherited wealth. Includes some of the oldest families, with many of them being titled aristocrats. l the Middle Class The majority of the population of Britain. They include industrialists, professionals, business people and shop owners. l Lower or Working Class People who are agricultural, mine and factory workers. lThe British