TED英文演講：有選擇困難癥的人

1、ted英文演講:有選擇困難癥的人這篇演講或許能真正改變你的人生我該追尋何種職業(yè)?我應(yīng)該分手,還是結(jié)婚?我應(yīng)該住在哪?這樣的重要決定如此難以抉擇,折磨人心但哲學(xué)家張美露認為,這是因為我們的思考方式錯誤她提供了一種有力的新模式來幫助塑造真正的自我下面是為大家收集關(guān)于ted英文演講:有選擇困難癥的人,歡迎借鑒參考| 中英文演講稿 |1.think of a hard choice youll face in the near future.想想你在不久的將來會面臨的艱難抉擇2.it might be between two careers - artist and accountant - or p

2、laces to live - the city or the country - or even between two people to marry -這也許是在兩份職業(yè)中做出一個選擇, 藝術(shù)家還是會計師; 也許是選擇居住的地方,城市還是鄉(xiāng)村; 也許是在兩個人中3.you could marry betty or you could marry lolita.選擇和誰結(jié)婚,betty 或者是lolita;4.or it might be a choice about whether to have children, to have an ailing parent move in wi

3、th you, to raise your child in a religion抑或思考是否要孩子; 是否讓年老體衰的父母跟你一起住; 是否讓你的孩子信奉5.that your partner lives by but leaves you cold.即便你會因自身不信奉而被冷落;6.or whether to donate your life savings to charity.又或者說,是否將畢生積儲捐贈給慈善機構(gòu)7.chances are, the hard choice you thought of was something big, something momentous, s

4、omething that matters to you.有可能,你所思考的這些艱難抉擇 都十分龐大,十分重要 你也十分重視8.hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing, the gnashing of teeth.每當困難的選擇出現(xiàn), 他都會讓你感到痛苦絕望, 讓你咬牙切齒9.but i think weve misunderstood hard choices and the role they play in our lives.但我認為我們誤解了艱難抉擇的定義, 更誤解了其在我們生活中扮演的角色10.u

5、nderstanding hard choices uncovers a hidden power each of us possesses.倘若能理解這些艱難決定, 我們每個人便會發(fā)掘出 一種隱藏的潛力11.what makes a choice hard is the way the alternatives relate.一個抉擇之所以難 是由于選項之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)12.in any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other.任何簡單的抉擇中, 總有一種選擇比另一種要好13.in a hard choice, one alte

6、rnative is better in some ways, the other alternative is better in other ways, and neither is better than the other overall.可在艱難抉擇中, 一種選擇在某些方面較好, 另一種選擇在其他方面較好, 二者各有千秋讓人無法定奪14.you agonize over whether to stay in your current job in the city or uproot your life for more challenging work in the country

7、 because staying is better in some ways,你痛苦地糾結(jié)于 應(yīng)該繼續(xù)呆在這座城市里干這份工作, 還是改變一下你的生活方式 到鄉(xiāng)村去接受更具挑戰(zhàn)性的工作, 因為留下有留下的好處,15.moving is better in others, and neither is better than the other overall.離開也有好處, 兩種選擇各有千秋難以定奪16.we shouldnt think that all hard choices are big.我們不應(yīng)該認為所有的艱難抉擇都很龐大17.lets say youre deciding wh

8、at to have for breakfast.打個比方,你正決定吃什么早餐18.you could have high fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut.你可以吃高纖維全谷干麥片, 或者吃巧克力甜甜圈19.suppose what matters in the choice is tastiness and healthfulness.假設(shè)在此抉擇中的決定性因素20.the cereal is better for you, the donut tastes way better, but neither is better than the o

9、ther overall, a hard choice.麥片對你身體好, 甜甜圈卻好吃很多, 但兩者都有自身優(yōu)勢, 這就是一個艱難抉擇21.realizing that small choices can also be hard may make big hard choices seem less intractable.如果意識到小的選擇 也可能會變得困難, 那面對大的艱難抉擇時我們可能就不會覺得那么棘手了22.after all, we manage to figure out what to have for breakfast, so maybe we can figure out

10、 whether to stay in the city or uproot for the new job in the country.畢竟,我們總能決定早餐吃什么, 所以我們也許能夠想明白, 究竟要留在市區(qū), 還是到鄉(xiāng)下接手新的工作23.we also shouldnt think that hard choices are hard because we are stupid.同時,我們也不應(yīng)該覺得,選擇之所以難 是因為自己很愚蠢24.when i graduated from college, i couldnt decide between two careers, philoso

11、phy and law.在我剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時候, 我無法從兩種職業(yè)中抉擇, 哲學(xué)還是法律25.i really loved philosophy.我真心喜歡哲學(xué),26.there are amazing things you can learn as a philosopher, and all from the comfort of an armchair.若能成為哲學(xué)家, 便能學(xué)到很多驚奇的東西, 而且舒舒服服地坐在椅子上就好27.but i came from a modest immigrant family where my idea of luxury was having a po

12、rk tongue and jelly sandwich in my school lunchbox,可我出生自一個樸實簡素的移民家庭, 我對奢侈的概念, 就是能在上學(xué)的午餐盒里 找到一塊豬舌和一份果凍三明治28.so the thought of spending my whole life sitting around in armchairs just thinking, well, that struck me as the height of extravagance and frivolity.所以這種一輩子 僅坐在椅子上思考的想法, 其實,對我來說只是一種奢侈和輕浮的假象罷了29

13、.so i got out my yellow pad, i drew a line down the middle, and i tried my best to think of the reasons for and against each alternative.所以我拿出自己黃色筆記本, 在中間劃了一條線, 然后竭盡所能地寫出 每種選擇的利與弊30.i remember thinking to myself, if only i knew what my life in each career would be like.當時我就想: 如果能知道選擇某種職業(yè)后 我的人生會變成怎樣就

14、好了31.if only god or netflix would send me a dvd of my two possible future careers, id be set.如果上帝或者網(wǎng)飛公司能送我一張dvd 來向我描述這兩種充滿可能性的職業(yè)生涯,那我就能做出選擇了32.id compare them side by side, id see that one was better, and the choice would be easy.我就能一一對比, 看看哪種更好, 這樣一來抉擇就簡單多了33.but i got no dvd, and because i couldnt

15、 figure out which was better, i did what many of us do in hard choices: i took the safest option.但我沒有收到這種dvd, 而且由于我實在想不出哪一種更優(yōu), 我就和大多數(shù)人一樣: 選擇了最安全的一項34.fear of being an unemployed philosopher led me to become a lawyer, and as i discovered, lawyering didnt quite fit.成為失業(yè)哲學(xué)家的恐懼, 驅(qū)使我成了一名律師 可后來我發(fā)現(xiàn), 當律師不大適

16、合我,35.it wasnt who i was.這不是真正的我36.so now im a philosopher, and i study hard choices, and i can tell you that fear of the unknown, while a common motivational default所以我現(xiàn)在是名哲學(xué)家, 我鉆研艱難抉擇, 我可以告訴大家,對未知產(chǎn)生恐懼 是在進行困難抉擇時的自然反應(yīng),37.in dealing with hard choices, rests on a misconception of them.而這種恐懼 來源于對艱難抉擇的誤

17、解38.its a mistake to think that in hard choices, one alternative really is better than the other, but were too stupid to know which, and since we dont know which, we might as well我們不應(yīng)該認為,在艱難抉擇中 某種選擇總會會比另一種好, 可我們自身太愚蠢,所以無法辨別, 那既然我們無法定奪,39.take the least risky option.倒不如選風(fēng)險最小的那項40.even taking two alte

18、rnatives side by side with full information, a choice can still be hard.就算你完全了解了兩種選項 并將其一一對照,你仍然很難決定41.hard choices are hard not because of us or our ignorance; theyre hard because there is no best option.選擇之所以難, 不是因為我們無知; 難的原因在于沒有最優(yōu)選項42.now, if theres no best option, if the scales dont tip in favor

19、 of one alternative over another, then surely the alternatives must be equally good.那么,如果沒有最佳項, 如果衡量的天秤不會傾向于 任何一方, 那么任何選項都一定是好的43.so maybe the right thing to say in hard choices is that theyre between equally good options.所以面對艱難抉擇,可能正確的思維方式, 就是認為選項雙方一樣好44.but that cant be right.這種想法肯定不對45.if alterna

20、tives are equally good, you should just flip a coin between them, and it seems a mistake to think, heres how you should decide between careers,如果選項都一樣好, 那還不如直接拋硬幣算了, 這樣就會產(chǎn)生思想誤區(qū), 讓你認為自己選擇事業(yè)46.places to live, people to marry: flip a coin.住處婚嫁時都拋硬幣選擇就好了47.theres another reason for thinking that hard ch

21、oices arent choices between equally good options.還有另外一個原因, 使艱難選擇 并非是在同等好的選項中抉擇48.suppose you have a choice between two jobs: you could be an investment banker or a graphic artist.假設(shè)你要在兩份工作中挑選: 你可以做投資銀行家, 或做平面設(shè)計師49.there are a variety of things that matter in such a choice, like the excitement of the

22、 work, achieving financial security, having time to raise a family, and so on.在這個選擇當中有頗多決定性因素, 譬如工作帶來的興奮程度 能獲得的經(jīng)濟保障 顧家時間等等50.maybe the artists career puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of pictorial expression.也許藝術(shù)家這個職業(yè) 能讓你接觸最前沿的 圖像表達技術(shù)51.maybe the banking career puts you on the cutting edge o

23、f new forms of financial manipulation.或許當銀行家 你就能接觸最前端的 金融操縱手段52.imagine the two jobs however you like so that neither is better than the other.你可以想象任何兩種你喜歡的職業(yè), 但兩者都不會比另一方好的53.now suppose we improve one of them a bit.現(xiàn)在,假設(shè)我們能稍微改進其中的一方54.suppose the bank, wooing you, adds 500 dollars a month to your s

24、alary.假設(shè)一間銀行嘗試討好你, 在你的月薪里增加500美元55.does the extra money now make the banking job better than the artist one?這一筆額外的金錢會不會讓這份銀行家的工作 優(yōu)于當藝術(shù)家呢?56.not necessarily.說不準57.a higher salary makes the banking job better than it was before, but it might not be enough to make being a banker better than being an ar

25、tist.更高的薪酬讓銀行家的工作 優(yōu)于以前, 但額外薪水不一定足夠讓 成為銀行家變得比成為藝術(shù)家好58.but if an improvement in one of the jobs doesnt make it better than the other, then the two original jobs could not have been equally good.可如果對其中一種職業(yè)進行改進后 結(jié)果并沒有讓一方優(yōu)于另一方, 那么兩種選擇本身 就不可能是一樣好59.if you start with two things that are equally good, and y

26、ou improve one of them, it now must be better than the other.如果兩件事一開始都同等的好 , 當你改進了其中一件, 那它就一定會優(yōu)于另一個60.thats not the case with options in hard choices.在艱難抉擇中并非如此61.so now weve got a puzzle.那么現(xiàn)在我們就有一個疑惑了62.weve got two jobs.這兩份工作,63.neither is better than the other, nor are they equally good.沒有一方能完勝另一

27、方, 但又不是同等的好64.so how are we supposed to choose?究竟該怎么選擇呢?65.something seems to have gone wrong here.貌似有些事情出錯了66.maybe the choice itself is problematic and comparison is impossible.可能選項的本身就存在問題, 導(dǎo)致我們無法比較67.but that cant be right.但這也不對啊68.its not like were trying to choose between two things that cant

28、be compared.我們并不是要在 兩種不能被對比的事物間選擇69.were weighing the merits of two jobs, after all, not the merits of the number nine and a plate of fried eggs.我們說到底是在衡量兩份工作的利弊, 不是對比數(shù)字9和 一盤煎雞蛋的好處70.a comparison of the overall merits of two jobs is something we can make, and one we often do make.對比兩份工作的總體優(yōu)勢 是我們能做到的

29、, 也是我們經(jīng)常做的事71.i think the puzzle arises because of an unreflective assumption we make about value.我認為疑惑產(chǎn)生的原因 源于一種我們對價值的 草率設(shè)想72.we unwittingly assume that values like justice, beauty, kindness, are akin to scientific quantities, like length, mass and weight.我們不知不覺地認為, 諸如正義美麗善良的價值觀 都與一些科學(xué)度量類似,都能被量度, 譬

30、如長度質(zhì)量重量73.take any comparative question not involving value, such as which of two suitcases is heavier.試想一個與價值觀毫不相關(guān)的比較, 例如兩個行李箱中哪個更重74.there are only three possibilities.僅有三種可能性75.the weight of one is greater, lesser or equal to the weight of the other.其中一個的重量大于小于 或等于另一個76.properties like weight can

31、 be represented by real numbers - one, two, three and so on - and there are only three possible comparisons像重量這樣的性質(zhì)能夠 用真實的數(shù)字來表達1,2,3 而且在兩個數(shù)字間的比較中77.between any two real numbers.只有三種可能78.one number is greater, lesser, or equal to the other.一個數(shù)字大于小于 或等于另一個數(shù)字79.not so with values.價值觀卻不是如此80.as post-enl

32、ightenment creatures, we tend to assume that scientific thinking holds the key to everything of importance in our world,作為后啟蒙時期的生物, 我們總是設(shè)想 科學(xué)思維可以解決 世界上一切重要的問題,81.but the world of value is different from the world of science.但價值觀的世界 不同于科學(xué)的世界82.the stuff of the one world can be quantified by real numb

33、ers.科學(xué)界中, 一切事物可被數(shù)字度量83.the stuff of the other world cant.可價值觀的世界中卻不能84.we shouldnt assume that the world of is, of lengths and weights, has the same structure as the world of ought, of what we should do.我們不能認為 充斥著“是否”“長度”和“重量”的數(shù)字世界 與“該不該”和“該做什么”的價值世界 有著同樣的架構(gòu)85.so if what matters to us - a childs del

34、ight, the love you have for your partner cant be represented by real numbers, then theres no reason to believe所以,如果我們覺得重要的東西, 如:孩子的幸福對另一半的愛, 不能用數(shù)字來表示, 那么我們就沒有理由相信,86.that in choice, there are only three possibilities - that one alternative is better, worse or equal to the other.在抉擇過程中只有三種可能性: 其中一選項總

35、會優(yōu)于劣于或等于 另一項87.we need to introduce a new, fourth relation beyond being better, worse or equal, that describes whats going on in hard choices.我們需要一種全新的思考維度,第四種關(guān)系 除了優(yōu)于劣于和等于之外, 第四種關(guān)系能描述艱難抉擇的運行模式88.i like to say that the alternatives are on a par.我偏好把各選項看做 “等價”89.when alternatives are on a par, it may

36、matter very much which you choose, but one alternative isnt better than the other.當所有選項等價時, 你的選擇就變得極為重要, 但選項本身卻沒有哪個比其他的好90.rather, the alternatives are in the same neighborhood of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time being very different反之,所有的選擇項 都有類似的價值, 都處于同一種價值范疇當中, 但同時他們又具有

37、91.in kind of value.不同的價值92.thats why the choice is hard.這正是讓選擇變得困難的原因93.understanding hard choices in this way uncovers something about ourselves we didnt know.如此理解艱難抉擇, 我們就會在自己身上發(fā)現(xiàn)一些意料之外的東西94.each of us has the power to create reasons.我們每個人都有能力 去創(chuàng)造理由95.imagine a world in which every choice you fac

38、e is an easy choice, that is, theres always a best alternative.想象一下若在某個世界中 你只需面對簡單抉擇, 那么,永遠都有最佳項96.if theres a best alternative, then thats the one you should choose, because part of being rational is doing the better thing rather than the worse thing,若有最佳項, 你就應(yīng)該選它, 因為保持理智 就意味著選好的不選壞的,97.choosing wh

39、at you have most reason to choose.選最合理的98.in such a world, wed have most reason to wear black socks instead of pink socks, to eat cereal instead of donuts, to live in the city rather than the country,在這樣的世界里, 我們有充足的理由 去穿黑襪子而不穿粉色襪子, 去吃干麥片不吃甜甜圈, 去留在城市里不轉(zhuǎn)向鄉(xiāng)區(qū),99.to marry betty instead of lolita.去娶betty而

40、不娶lolita100.a world full of only easy choices would enslave us to reasons.充滿簡單抉擇的世界, 會讓我們成為“原由”的奴隸101.when you think about it, its nuts to believe that the reasons given to you dictated that you had most reason to pursue the exact hobbies you do,當你這樣想, 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一定是瘋了才會相信 擺在你面前的選擇 會決定你追尋各種事物的理由, 會決定你的愛好

41、,102.to live in the exact house you do, to work at the exact job you do.讓你住現(xiàn)在的房子, 讓你選現(xiàn)在的工作103.instead, you faced alternatives that were on a par hard choices and you made reasons for yourself to choose that hobby, that house and that job.事實上,當你面對的是多個選擇, 多個等價的選擇,困難的選擇, 你會為自己制造理由 來選擇這項愛好這所房子和這份工作104.w

42、hen alternatives are on a par, the reasons given to us, the ones that determine whether were making a mistake, are silent as to what to do.當各選項等價時, 我們面前的各種理性原由, 這些讓我們分清對錯的原由, 都無法給予我們一個答案105.its here, in the space of hard choices, that we get to exercise our normative power, the power to create reaso

43、ns for yourself, to make yourself唯有在這個有艱難抉擇的世界里, 我們才能鍛煉自己的 規(guī)范性力量, 以創(chuàng)造自我的原由, 讓自己變成106.into the kind of person for whom country living is preferable to the urban life.心中想成為的人, 一種更喜愛鄉(xiāng)村生活 而不是城市生活的人107.when we choose between options that are on a par, we can do something really rather remarkable.當我們需要 在等

44、價選項間抉擇時, 我們能做出一些十分了不起的事108.we can put our very selves behind an option.我們能把自身放在一個選項之后109.heres where i stand.(說道)這就是我的選擇,110.heres who i am. i am for banking.這就是我我選銀行業(yè)111.i am for chocolate donuts.我選巧克力甜甜圈112.this response in hard choices is a rational response, but its not dictated by reasons given

45、 to us.在艱難抉擇中,這種反應(yīng) 是一種理性反應(yīng), 但卻不是由我們面前的各種原由所決定的113.rather, its supported by reasons created by us.反而,這是由我們自己創(chuàng)造的理由所支撐起來的114.when we create reasons for ourselves to become this kind of person rather than that, we wholeheartedly become the people that we are.當我們?yōu)樽晕覄?chuàng)造原由 去成為這種人而非那種人時, 我們就打心底里完完全全地成就了真正的自己

46、115.you might say that we become the authors of our own lives.你可以說, 我們成了譜寫自我人生篇章的作者116.so when we face hard choices, we shouldnt beat our head against a wall trying to figure out which alternative is better.所以當面對艱難抉擇, 不應(yīng)該拿腦袋撞墻 絞盡腦汁地去想哪個選項更優(yōu)117.there is no best alternative.最佳項并不存在118.instead of looking for reasons out there, we should be looking for reasons in here: who am i to be?與其在外界苦命尋找理由, 我們該往心里找: 我想成為什么樣的人?119.you might decide to be a pink sock-wearing, cereal-loving, country-living banker, and i might