語言狀語從句用法詳解.docx

1、狀語從句用法詳解內(nèi)容提要：一、時(shí)間狀語從句二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句三、方式狀語從句四、程度狀語從句五、原因狀語從句六、結(jié)果狀語從句七、目的狀語從句八、條件狀語從句九、讓步狀語從句十、比較狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句 :1、時(shí)間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)： after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as。如：Now (that) you ve grown up, you must stop this childish behavio

2、ur.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see uswhenever you have time.1People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2、有些詞，如 immediately, directly, instantly等，當(dāng)用于as soon as意義時(shí)，也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，如：I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister came

3、 directly she got my message.The machine will start instantly you press the button.I ll telephone youdirectly I hear the news. Will you look for it immediately you get there?3某些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組，如 the (very) moment ( = as soon as ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the day, the yea

4、r, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，如：I ll tell you abouttheit moment you come.I started the instantI heard the report.The instantshe saw him she knew he was her brother.Every timeI catch a cold, I have pain in my back.I m going to see himnext time he comes

5、to Shenzhen.He left Europe the year World Warbroke out.2He had impressed me that waythe first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I ll tell himthe minute (that) he gets here.4有些關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞，如 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcely when / barely when 等，也能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 如果把 no sooner, har

6、dly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如：She had no soonerheard the news than she fainted.= No sooner hadshe heard the newsthan she fainted.They had hardlystarted to work when the trouble began.= Hardly hadthey started to work when the trouble began.He had scarcelyentered the room when the phone ran

7、g.= Scarcely hadhe entered the room when the phone rang.3二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句 :1、地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用where, wherever 來引導(dǎo)，如：We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where 既連接主句與從句，又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.He will work wh

8、erever the people need him.Let me go wherever (= to any place to which)they like (to go).2、有時(shí)， - where 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如：Everywherethey went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.We ll goanywhere the Party directs us.4三、方式狀語從句 :1、方式狀語從句通常由as, as if, as though來引導(dǎo)，如：You must do the exercisesa

9、s I show you.Please do exactlyas your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / though nothing had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behaving as thoughshe hadn t grown up.2、在非正式文體或口語中， 也可用the way (that) (= as = in the way inwhich), how, like 等來引

10、導(dǎo)，如：Jean doesn t dotheit way I do.She is doing her workthe way I like it done.You can do the jobhow you like.The landlord was watching him like(= just as)a cat watches a mouse.Do you make breadlike you make cakes?like作連詞的用法補(bǔ)充說明：1). Conjunction(informal)( 非正式 )：in the same way that; as同 一樣，如5People w

11、ho change countrieslike they change clothes.換國(guó)籍像換衣服一樣的人。2). as though; as if 好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel. 我覺得好像被駱駝踢了似的。四、程度狀語從句：程度狀語從句可用to such an extent that/ to such a degreethat, to the degree/ extent that, in so far as（“在 的范圍內(nèi)”）等來引導(dǎo)，如：The temperature rose to such an extent that th

12、e firemen had to leavethe burning building.The temperature lowered to such a degree thatthe water froze.試比較：The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burningbuilding.The temperature lowered so much thatthe water froze.從以上例句可以看出， 程度狀語從句往往也表示達(dá)到某種程度時(shí)所引出的結(jié)果，所以程度狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。

13、6At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they aretoday. 那時(shí)政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。Ill help you in so far asI can.我會(huì)盡我所能幫助你。五、原因狀語從句：1、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because, since,和 as，所引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because 語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)， since 次之， as 又次之。 because 通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道的，全句強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上?；卮饂

14、hy提出的問題時(shí)，只能用 because；在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中也只能用 because從句，不能用 since, as等，如：BecauseI can t see very well, I have to sit near the front.It wasbecausehe was ill that he didn t go with us.It was becausehe was ill that he didn t come.7since 和 as 引導(dǎo)的句子，重點(diǎn)在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在說話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，since 和 as 只是一種附帶的說明原因，不是對(duì)原因進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，

15、如：As he is working hard, he is likely to succeed.Sincehe can t answer the question, you d better ask someone else.As / Sincehe was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Sinceyou insist, I will reconsider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for 是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的句子只能 后置 。表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)，可以和 becau

16、se 換用； 但當(dāng)它用于對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí)，不能用 because 代替，如：He couldn t have seen becauseme, / forI was not here.The ground is wet, for / becauseit rained last night.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. because 之前可以加上 simply, only, just等強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，如：You shouldn t get angryjustbecausesome people speak

17、ill of you.2、復(fù)合連詞也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句， 這些連詞有：now (that), seeing(that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fearthat, that 等，如：8Now (that) (= Since)you mention it, I do remember.Now (that) he is absent, you ll have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Since)the rain has stopped, let s sta

18、rt.Seeing (that)all the guests have arrived, let s have dinner.She didn tforgo fear that she would get lost.He has done very well,considering (that)he has no experience.I haven t finished writing the report,yenot that (= not because)I dislike the work, but that (= but because)I have not time.Conside

19、ringthat they are just beginners, they are doing quite a goodjob.3、在“主語 + be + 形容詞 + that ”句型中，主語通常是人，形容詞通常為： glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示感情的形容詞，這時(shí) that 可以看作原因狀語從句，如：We are glad that (= because)we have reaped another bumper harvest.I m glad (that)you are all right.We are sure thatour team will win

20、.I m pleasedthat you have decided to come.9六、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因， 從句是果，這和原因狀語從句剛好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he didn t come.He didn t come because he was ill.1、結(jié)果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that等，例如：He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.The book

21、 is written in such simple English that we beginners can understand it without much difficulty.It was such abad accident that several people got injured.His diligence wassuch thathe made great progress.He didn t plan his time well,so thathe didn t finish the work in time.She worried so that she coul

22、d hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： 在非正式文體中，由sothat, such (a)that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，往往可以省略連詞that，這時(shí)，從句之前往往用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，在口語中則用停頓表示省略。10He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly stand.Peter is such agood boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walkso fast (

23、that)I can t keepacep with you.We left in such ahurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him. 當(dāng) so 修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面應(yīng)稍停頓，如：His heart beat sothat he could hardly breathe.She worried sothat she could hardly eat her supper. 當(dāng) so位于句首時(shí)，主句的語序應(yīng)倒裝，如：So badly was he injure

24、d that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.11七、目的狀語從句1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有：so that, in order that, that, so。否定的句式常用lest, in case, for fear that來引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句中一般要有can, may, could, might, will, would,should 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better.I put do

25、wn his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well.Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. (非正式或口語 )The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way.Please remind me of it again tomorr

26、ow in caseI forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)it rains / it may rain / it should rain.He left early in casehe should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句， 又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別可以根據(jù)上下文的意義來判斷，也可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)上來判斷。12 凡在講話時(shí)， so that / so 從句之前有停頓，在文字中so that / so從句之前有逗號(hào)，則為結(jié)果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句，如

27、：We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly. (結(jié)果狀語從句 )Well come at eight so (that) the meeting can begin early. ( 目的狀語從句)有時(shí)，由so that或 so 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號(hào)，這時(shí)，就要看從句中有沒有can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如果有，多半是目的狀語從句，如果沒有，多半是結(jié)果狀語從句，如：I am going to the lecture early so

28、that Ill get a good seat. (目的狀語從句)I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. (結(jié)果狀語從句 ) 目的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不能前移，如：So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through amicrophone. (目的狀語從句 )John spoke through a microphone so that he was heard in every room.(結(jié)果狀語從句 )13八、條件狀語從句1、條件狀語

29、從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, supposing (that)（僅在問句中使用），suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, oncondition (that), provided (that)等，例如：In casehe comes, let me know.You can go out,as / so long asyou promise to be back before eleven.I will come again tomorrow provided (that)I have time. (= if)

30、Supposing (that)it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Unlessyou tell him yourself, he ll lose faithompletelyinyou. cWe ll let you use the roomon condition that / provided thatyou keep it clean and tidy.2、有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(= If you come tomorrow, I

31、will tell you. )Give him an inch and he ll takele. a mi(= If you give him an inch, he ll take a mile. )注：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or 或 otherwise， 如：Hurry up, or (else) you ll be late.Make up your mind, or you ll miss the chance.14Start at once, or / otherwise you ll miss the train.(= If you donstart at once, y

32、ou ll miss the train. )(= Unlessyou start at once, you ll miss the train.)3、if only 是 if 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式，通常表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的愿望, “但愿 , 真希望”，如：If onlyit clears up, we ll go.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.如果有人告訴了我們，我們就會(huì)讓你提防的。注： if only 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有時(shí)可以不依附于主句而獨(dú)立存在，表示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情，如：If only he comes in

33、time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If onlyhe didn t drive so fast. (= I wish he didn t drive so fast.)If onlyI hadn t been late for work.(= I wish I hadn t been late for work.)4、在真實(shí)條件句中，從句動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間，主句通常帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：If you move, I shootll you.If I pressthis button, what will happen?If you come,

34、 you can see it.15If you finish early, you may go.注 當(dāng)從句表示將來已經(jīng)完成或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：I will return the book on Monday if I have read it.The police won t take your car ifawayyou are sitting in it.注 如果從句表示現(xiàn)在的意圖、 意愿、決心等，則可以用 will / shall，如：If you will read the book, I ll let you have it.If you wil

35、l help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一種條件句，其從句動(dòng)詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)如何，一律用“should + 不定式”，主句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)意義需要采取不同形式，如：If he shouldhear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you shouldhear the news, please let us know.If you shouldbe interested, I ll te

36、ll youolethestorywh.If it should rain, we had better stay indoors.If he should cometomorrow, I would tell him everything.注：在正式文體中，可用 should I (we, you etc)代替 If I (we, you etc.)should ，如：16ShouldI be free tomorrow, I will come.Shouldyou see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Shouldyou see my mothe

37、r, tell her I am quite well.6、非真實(shí)條件句： 當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或were 型虛擬式，主句動(dòng)詞用would / should / could / might +不定式，如：If I were you, I should consult a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in anumber of ways. 當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用 would / should / co

38、uld / might +不定式完成式，如：If he had triedhard last term, he would have succeeded.If he had takenhis doctor s advice,mighthe not have died. 當(dāng)從句表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或 were / was to +不定式，主句動(dòng)詞用 would / should / could / might+不定式，如：What would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He wouldn t dounlessit you were to

39、order him to.17 在正式文體中可用 “were +主語”等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)代替“if +主語 + were”等結(jié)構(gòu)；“had +主語 + ed 分詞”代替“if +主語 + had + ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Johnto go to the university, he would have to work hard.Had the captain been more careful, his shipwould not have been sunk.Had it not been for

40、 the expense, I should have gone toItaly.7、unless 與 ifnot 的用法比較：If you dontstart at once, you will miss the train.Unlessyou start at once, you will miss the train.unless 在意義上相當(dāng)于ifnot ，在有些場(chǎng)合兩者可以交替使用，但在有些場(chǎng)合又不可以互換，以下是不可互換的情況：當(dāng) ifnot 引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件狀語從句時(shí)，一般不可以改用unless，例如：If she werentso silly, she would underst

41、and. (事實(shí)上她很傻，改成Unlessshe were so silly 含義為她不傻 )If I hadntstopped her, she would have jumped into the river. (事實(shí)上我阻止了她，改成Unless I had stopped her 含義為我沒有阻止她。)18 unless 表示除外的唯一條件，因此通常不能用and 連接兩個(gè)unless 從句，而 ifnot 則不受此限，如：She won t lose weightif she does not keep a diet and if she does nottake exercises

42、every day.She won t lose weightunlessshe keeps a diet and takes exercises everyday.(不說： unless she keeps a diet and unless she takes exerciseseveryday.) unless 從句中可用否定詞，而ifnot 從句中不可再加否定詞，因此在unless 引導(dǎo)的否定從句中，不可用ifnot 代替unless ，如：I will go unlessno one else does.I will go if no one else doesn t.Don t a

43、sk me to explain unless you really don t understand.Don t ask me to explain if you really not don t understand. 在 if not 從句中通常用非肯定詞， 而在 unless 引導(dǎo)的肯定形式的條件從句中，通常用肯定詞，而不用非肯定詞，如：I will be very angry if you haventspoken to her yet.I will be very angry unlessyou have already spoken to her.19九、讓步狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)讓

44、步狀語從句的主要連詞有 although, though, as, even though / if 等。He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.雖然他很有錢，但他不快樂。They will stand by you even if you fail.即使你沒成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。注意： although/though不可與 but 連用，但可與 yet, still等連用。例如。Thoughit was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 雖然雨下得很大，但他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)踢足球。2. a

45、s 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，需倒裝，從句中的表語和狀語或動(dòng)詞原形要置于句首； though 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞，不可加冠詞；若動(dòng)詞原形前置，從句要有may或 might 。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管是個(gè)孩子，他卻懂得很多。Try ashe might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他還是找不到工作。3. when 和 while 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”。例如：20While they are my neighbors, I do not know them well.雖然他們是我的鄰居，但我并不很熟悉他們。4. whether or可 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為：不管是 還是 ，不論是否 。例如：You will have to