高考英語寫作錦囊

1、英語高考日漸凸顯了書面表達(dá)的權(quán)重。然而考試日近，在考前的很短時(shí)間內(nèi)還能使書面表達(dá)再提高一步嗎？回答是肯定的。高考書面表達(dá)測(cè)試，要求短文內(nèi)容清楚連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯性強(qiáng)、主題突出、用詞及文體恰當(dāng)。教師在評(píng)分時(shí)主要關(guān)注內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量及準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性與語言的得體性。 英語高考日漸凸顯了書面表達(dá)的權(quán)重。然而考試日近，在考前的很短時(shí)間內(nèi)還能使書面表達(dá)再提高一步嗎？回答是肯定的。高考書面表達(dá)測(cè)試，要求短文內(nèi)容清楚連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯性強(qiáng)、主題突出、用詞及文體恰當(dāng)。教師在評(píng)分時(shí)主要關(guān)注內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量及準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性與語言的得體性。以2008 年安徽題為

2、例：假定你是李華，David 是你的美國(guó)筆友。他對(duì)中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)使用環(huán)保購(gòu)物袋很感興趣，來信向你詢問此事。請(qǐng)你給他寫封回信。主要內(nèi)容如下：感謝他的關(guān)注。簡(jiǎn)要介紹相關(guān)情況。談?wù)勀愕母邢搿Ｗ⒁猓涸~數(shù)100左右，信的格式已為你寫好?？筛鶕?jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。1 / 17參考詞匯：環(huán)抱購(gòu)物袋-environment-friendly shopping bag; 關(guān)注-concern.Dear David,Im glad that youve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection. Thank you for

3、 your concern.( David對(duì)中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)使用環(huán)保購(gòu)物袋很感興趣，來信向你詢問此事。感謝他的關(guān)注。兩句話將問題說明白了，用directed引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)分詞短語來體現(xiàn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。)As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution, our government encourages us to use environment-friendly shopping bags. These bags are made of a variety of material that can be easily

4、treated when they become rubbish. Besides, they can be reused. More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them.( 簡(jiǎn)要介紹相關(guān)情況，根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加了that can be easily treated when they become rubbish等細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。這一段中besides很好地起到了承上啟下的作用。)I believe that the wide use of t

5、hese shopping bags can greatly improve our environment. This is one of the many steps we are to make our country an even cleaner place.( 短信至此theme部分完成，談個(gè)人想法了。)上述短文分三段，連貫清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。在第一段中使用了非謂語動(dòng)詞短語，中間敘述部分有定語從句，最后一段又用了we are to make our country an even cleaner place 這樣較為復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，達(dá)到了各項(xiàng)要求。對(duì)于中等程度的考生而言，寫出這樣水平的

6、短文并不難。結(jié)合2008年各地高考試卷，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)各道書面表達(dá)的題目做到了貼近生活、容易表達(dá)，所敘述的內(nèi)容發(fā)生過、正發(fā)生或很快能發(fā)生的事。即使稍有難度的題目如湖北要求更換手機(jī)信，福建的英語招聘廣告也沒有超出考生認(rèn)知和應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握的范圍。下面就以2008年北京卷作為實(shí)例，與同學(xué)們談組織短文應(yīng)注意的方方面面，了解什么叫好文，得分低的文章問題所在，如何改進(jìn)。假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為校刊英語園地寫一篇題為“Our Spring Outing” 的英文稿件。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，敘述上周你們班從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過程。注意： 詞數(shù)不少于60.提示詞：游樂園 amusement pa

7、rk 垃圾箱 bin例文Last week, our class decided to have a spring outing. Everyone was creativity to enjoy the discussion about the destination of the outing. Someone said to go the amusement park. Someone said to go boating and then, our monitor said “How about to go the mountain?” everyone agreed her idea

8、.So, next day morning, we began our outing. We arrived the destination by bus. As we had planed before, everyone of us all taking a big bag many plastic bags. Because, except playing, we have another destinate is to protect the environment. The mountain is so beautiful that we all very excited to cl

9、imb the mountain. During the way, when we found the rubbish on the ground, we pick them up and then put them into our plastic bags.When we arrived the top of the mountain, we found a lot of rubbish on the ground. It was so dirty so we cleaned the ground clearly and carefully. After a short time, the

10、 ground was clean again.After we got down from the mountain, we put the rubbish into the bin but before this, we part the rubbish in two kinds, recycle or unrecycle. I think, spring outing was very useful.上面是篇三類文。第一段長(zhǎng)處是基本介紹了第一幅畫的內(nèi)容，但是語言、語句錯(cuò)誤較多，比如Everyone was creativity, 很可能是active; Someone said to g

11、o the amusement park,常識(shí)告訴我們， 英語中沒有say to do sth.這一用法。更不可能how about to go , 因?yàn)榻樵~后面不是不定式。第二段作者對(duì)第二幅畫描述，依照常理，文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)是后兩張畫，但是作者卻用了較多筆墨，給人喧賓奪主的印象，更何況作者根本就忽略了天氣、季節(jié)、美景。此外語言語法錯(cuò)誤頻出，如：the next morning; We arrived at the destination; As we had planned before; everyone of us all taking a big bag many plastic bag

12、s中謂語是誰？we have another destinate is to protect the environment姑且不論此句在文章中的作用，單就語法而言就無法說通，另外we all very excited to climb the mountain，能這樣寫嗎？正確寫法是we were all excited. 至于we pick them 的時(shí)態(tài)，與其他錯(cuò)相比，在這段中都算不得大錯(cuò)了。在山上撿拾垃圾的第三段用詞最明顯的錯(cuò)誤是we cleaned the ground，與圖示大相徑庭。最后結(jié)尾部分I think, spring outing was very useful. 與全

13、文有何邏輯關(guān)系？總之，描述上的疏漏和諸多的錯(cuò)誤影響了達(dá)意。這樣的小文只能不及格。如果此文的作者能依照提示將第二幅畫寫足，文章的最后一句的useful換成unforgettable，至少能升格為這個(gè)檔次的最高！那樣的話不就是及格分了嗎？Last week, the students in my class decided to go out for a spring outing. Some of us wanted to go to the amusement park. Some wanted to go boating and some wanted to climb the mounta

14、in. Finally we decide to climb the mountain.I was a shiny day. All of us were happy. But when we reached the top of the mountain. We foud that rubbish everywhere! We picked the rubbish and threw them into the dustbin.I think, we shouldnt throw the rubbish everywhere and we should do our best to prot

15、ect the environment. The more we do. The more beautiful the earth will be!同學(xué)們讀過上面短文后會(huì)得到什么樣的印象？肯定不佳！其實(shí)第一段交待第一幅畫還是基本合格的，雖然we decide是個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)，但能看出是忽略。第二段寥寥三兩句就把后面的三幅畫解釋了，這與提示從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過程這一要求相去太遠(yuǎn)了！其實(shí)本文的作者對(duì)語言的把握較強(qiáng)，憑他的水平把二至四幾幅畫描述清楚，從而晉升至二類文應(yīng)當(dāng)沒有疑問，然而，看題不認(rèn)真使得他的文章落到四類文檔次，多可惜！這難道不是技術(shù)層面的問題嗎？為此，向廣大考生提出英語作文寫作的三不和

16、八要。三不：切忌蜘蛛文，英語詞句寫的像蜘蛛爬，使改卷老師難于辨認(rèn)，有此類毛病者多為男生或英語基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱的男同學(xué)；不寫螞蟻文，詞小得像螞蟻，閱讀起來頗費(fèi)力，這種文章多出自女生之首；堅(jiān)決摒棄作戰(zhàn)地圖文！這里特別提醒書寫習(xí)慣欠佳的同學(xué)，不能在書面表達(dá)過程中胡涂亂改瞎劃。改進(jìn)的辦法是事先打草稿。用78分鐘打草稿，搭個(gè)架子，然后再潤(rùn)色。八要：一、細(xì)讀提示明白要你寫什么，用哪種文體，都有些什么具體要求，比如：2008年江蘇卷要求：1. 對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)，注意陳述，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯；2. 詞數(shù)150左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3. 演講稿中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校及本人姓名。安徽提示詞數(shù)100左右，信的格式

17、已寫好，那就意味著考生在寫信時(shí)應(yīng)加上開頭；湖南08年要求考生就三個(gè)人物中你最喜歡的一位寫。二、寫全要點(diǎn)表格類文一個(gè)不能少，圖畫類要看說明，如天津根據(jù)三幅畫寫日記，在記敘中不能丟到重要環(huán)節(jié)。三、卷面干凈下文就沒做到卷面干凈。（高考作文實(shí)樣）四、書寫認(rèn)真這篇書寫就很認(rèn)真。（高考作文實(shí)樣見圖三）五、詳略適度看圖寫故事當(dāng)中存在詳寫與略寫，請(qǐng)考生注意。六、亮點(diǎn)突出再以2008年北京文為例：Our Spring OutingLast week, our class organized a spring outing. To make this memorable activity more wonderf

18、ul, we discussed the destination carefully and finally decided to go mountain-climbing instead of other choices like playing in an amusement park and going boating.With high spirits, we started our spring outing on a fine day. Flowers presented us with their sweetest smiles and we were soaked up in

19、the warm sunshine. However, we were shocked when we reached the top of the mountain. Waste bottles and used packages were thrown everywhere which totally ruined the beauty of the nature. Feeling a great pity for the tourists, we picked up the rubbish and carefully divided them into two groups: the r

20、ecycle ones and the non-recycle ones. After that we put the rubbish into the bin differently.We call on awareness on protecting our environment which is of great importance. Though clearing up the rubbish was a tough task, our hearts were filled with joy and we will remember this outing for ever.上文中

21、斜體部分就很能catch the teachers eye, 為文章增色。七、承上啟下上文中Whats worse, we和Thanks to the compass, we 就很好地起到了承接上文并導(dǎo)出下文的作用。八、層次分明高考寫文雖不長(zhǎng)，但還是有層次的，建議同學(xué)門分成三段為好，讓人一目了然。以下是上學(xué)期北京兩個(gè)區(qū)的作文題，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們依照前面我講的各項(xiàng)練一練筆。流浪寵物在北京街頭逐漸增多，它們不僅污染環(huán)境，而且傳播疾病。假設(shè)你是陽光中學(xué)高三(5) 班學(xué)生李華，上周你班開展了關(guān)愛流浪寵物的主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)你為某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)投稿，提出你們對(duì)解決這一問題的建議：1) 政府建立相關(guān)動(dòng)物保護(hù)法規(guī)；2) 寵

22、物的主人善待寵物，不拋棄寵物；3) 鼓勵(lì)相關(guān)組織和個(gè)人收養(yǎng)流浪寵物。注意：信的開頭已為你寫好，作答時(shí)請(qǐng)將其抄在答題卡上。參考詞匯： 流浪寵物: stray animals你和李明參加了一次野外生存訓(xùn)練，以下5幅圖畫表現(xiàn)了野外訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)的過程，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖示寫一篇英文日記。注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右2.日記的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好生詞：指南針：compass. n.手電筒：flashlight. n.急救包：first-aid kit宿營(yíng)地：campsite. n.Dear Editor,Im Li Hua, a student from Class Five Senior Three, Yangguang Middle School.Las