高一英語(yǔ)句法講義.doc2

1、專業(yè)好文檔高一英語(yǔ)句法講義第一部分簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型講解和練習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單句：如果句中只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而且各個(gè)成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)表示，稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。如：my father goes to work at 8:00 every day. 我的爸爸每天八點(diǎn)鐘去上班。you can go swimming tomorrow. 你們可以明天去游泳。they went to beijing last week. 他們上個(gè)星期去北京了。my mother and i like eating fish. 我和媽媽都愛(ài)吃魚。句子是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等組成的，依照其組合方式，簡(jiǎn)單句

2、為五種基本句型。一、英譯漢1.我想把王同志介紹給你。 2.依我看，他在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 3.由于大火的結(jié)果，成千上萬(wàn)的人失去了家園。 4.你能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，我也能。 5.學(xué)生們一路上不停地說(shuō)笑。6.我媽媽叫我做作業(yè)，而不是洗碗。 7.在公共場(chǎng)合，不允許人們吸煙。 8.昨天下午我媽在那家商店給我買了橡皮、小刀和鉛筆盒等。 9.你怎樣在夏天把水變成冰呢？ 10.我英語(yǔ)發(fā)音方面有些困難。 11.你打算到北京呆多久呢？ 12.祝你在深圳玩得愉快。 13.這頂帽子是由手工而不是機(jī)器做的。 14.明天晚上我要到機(jī)場(chǎng)去送我姨媽。 15.在我的家鄉(xiāng)過(guò)去大量的小樹(shù)被砍掉了。 16.所有的學(xué)生都必須遵守校規(guī)。 17.事實(shí)上，

3、我非常喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 18.有時(shí)，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)完全不同于英語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)。 19.我可以看一看那張照片嗎？ 20.每年我花費(fèi)二百元買書。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. whos that at the door? _is john.a. itb. hec. thisd. that2. _is a boy. _name is jack.a. he, herb. he, himc. he, hisd. him, his3. they are sitting in _classroom now.a. themb. theirc. theirsd. they4. marys answer is different form

4、_, but i really agree with_.a. his, herb. his, hersc. him, hersd. him, her5. the greens garden is larger than_.a. web. usc. oursd. our6. this is my shirt, i think that one is_.a. youb. yourc. yoursd. our7. _are classmates.a. meimei and ib.i and meimeic.i and youd.i and she8. is this _book, kate?no.

5、ask that girl. i think its _.a. yours, herb. your, hersc. your, herd. yours, hers9. i cant find my eraser. may i use_?a. youb. yourc. yoursd. yourself10. were very busy because we have so _books to read and so _work to do every day. a. a lot, muchb. many, muchc. many, a lotd. much, many11. we like _

6、very much.a. heb. hisc. himd. himself12. is this guitar_?a. yoursb. yourc. shed. her13. whats that in english, _is an egg.a. thisb. that c. it d. they14. i want some bananas. give me these big_.a. oneb. onesc. somed. any15. why dont you get _to read?a. somethingb. everythingc. anythingd. nothing16.

7、_of us wanted to play the game again.a. much moreb. manyc. many ad. much17. i have six color pencils, one is blue, another is red, and _are green.a. othersb. anotherc. the others d. the other18. these cups are ours. those are_.a. othersb. othersc. othersd. other19. there isnt _water in the bottle.a.

8、 anyb. somec. nod. not20. the text is easy for you. there are _new words in it.a. fewb. a fewc. littled. a little21. _of my parents has ever read the book.a. neitherb. eitherc. noned. both22. money isnt_.a. anythingb. everythingc. nothingd. something23. i asked him of some oil, but he hadnt_.a. anyb

9、. somec. nod. anything24. show me some_.a. anotherb. other c. others d. the other25. may i have _noodles?a. any b. somec. othersd. much26. there is _milk in that shop today.a. nob. any c. notd. many27. i am _teacher.a. hisb. he c. she d. hers28. are you _from america?a. someb. either c. alld. neithe

10、r29. can you wait for _minutes?no, we must hurry up, we have _time left.a. a little, fewb. few, a littlec. a few, littled. a little, little30. everyone in the village could make shoes _, but _didnt wear their own shoes.a. himself, they b. oneself, one c. themselves, theyd. themselves, none三、口頭翻譯下列句子

11、，標(biāo)出句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。1. he is standing by the sea.2. a yellow cat was sitting in the tree.3. he often walked in the rain before.4. they are still reading in the classroom.5. i can write with your help.6. tom sometimes eats at school.7. we still live in harbin.8. mary is lying on the grass in the sun.9. can y

12、ou swim?10. my mother is waiting at the school gate.11. my mother always drinks too much.12. you must exercise every morning.13. mr. lee is running like a horse.14. the girl in red is dancing with kate.15. the traffic light is changing from red to green.16. he surfs on the sea four times a week.17.

13、they are winning by 2-0.18. she was singing in f.19. some children are playing in the park.20. it was raining hard last night.四、標(biāo)出下列句子的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。1. can you do me a favor?2. lei feng set us a good example.3. he found me my bike.4. tom lent her some money.5. ill write you a letter tonight.6. they brou

14、ght us some food.7. can you answer me the questions?8. she asked mr. lee a lot of question.9. tom threw him the ball quickly.10. mr smith drew his son a picture.11. last night my father told tom and me an interesting story.12. mother often cooks them a nice supper on sunday.13. in class our teacher

15、sang us students an english song.14. can you show us another pair?15. miss lee taught them chinese last year.16. the man gave the dog some food.17. she passed tom some cheese.18. my uncle bought me a dictionary.19. well make her a kite.20. please get us some ice cream.五、標(biāo)出下列句子的系動(dòng)詞。1. we should keep

16、cool.2. when did you become a teacher?3. how nice the meet smells!4. kfc tastes nice.5. trees turn yellow in autumn.6. the weather gets warmer in spring.7. the beef goes bad now.8. going to the zoo sounds great.9. you look younger than i.10. i feel much better tonight.11. its eight thirty in the mor

17、ning.12. where were you yesterday?13. well be ok soon.14. her hobby is reading books.15. she must be at home now.16. tom will be in england tomorrow.17. he cant be there now.18. my father was a policeman.19. we are fine today.20. when will you be back?六、標(biāo)出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1. we must keep the room clean.2.

18、 internet makes our life better.3. the teacher found the boy clever.4. they get everything ready in time.5. youd better leave the door open.6. do you like your tea weak or strong?7. we must keep it a secret.8. they made him captain of the ship.9. i find him a good student.10. we call her jane.11. mr

19、. lee found her at home.12. please make yourself at home.13. we can hear them at work.14. did you find them in?15. i find mr. smith away.16. do you find her back?17. we found him outside.18. his words made me unhappy.19. mother named the dog billy.20. you should keep yourself happy.第二部分并列句由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩

20、個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列連詞表示并列分句之間的不同關(guān)系。并列句中：1.表并列關(guān)系的 由and,both.and,as well as,not only.but (also),neither.nor等組成。 she not only sings but also dance. 2.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 與but,however（然而），while(然而），still,yet等連用。 the film is not perfect,still,its good. 3.表選擇關(guān)系的 由or,either.or.,not.but.,or else（否則）連接 take the chan

21、ce,or else you will regret（后悔） it. 4.表因果關(guān)系的 與for,so/so that,therefore（因此),because等連用。 id better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain. 口訣and 表示順承 while表示對(duì)比 but/yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折 for/so表示因果 or/either .or 表示選擇 and/then/when表示時(shí)間 and/so/neither/nor表示并列 not only.but also/neither. nor表示遞進(jìn) 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空：1、he could

22、nt know the truth about me, he wouldnt treat me like this.2、the bell is ringingthe lesson is over.3、although he was ill, he kept on working.4、i cant make up my mindwe will go to shanghaiwe will stay in our city.5、he doesnt talk much, he thinks a lot.6、it must have rained last night the ground is sti

23、ll wet.7、the president will visit the town in may he will open the new hospital.8、jane was dressed in greenmary was dressed in blue.9、he did not speak distinctlyi did not hear it clearly.10、he is clever, , he often makes mistakes.11、did we write to herwe called up her.12、he hasnt any moneyim going t

24、o lend him some.13、the child was sick; he, , didnt go to school.14、mary was neither happy,was she sad.15、put on more clothes, youll catch cold.二、選擇最佳答案：16、some are reading magazines, others are playing cards.aorbforcsodwhile17、we must get up early tomorrow. well miss the first bus to the great wall.

25、asoborcbutdhowever18、i dont like chickenfish.i dont like chicken, i like fish very much.aand, andband, butcor, anddor, but19、we wanthigh speedgood quality.aboth, andbeither, orcneither, nordnot, but also20、in spring it ishotcold here.aboth, andbeither, orcneither, nordnot only, but21、does he writes

26、well, he also speaks well.anot only, butbnot, but ceither, or dboth, and22、use your head, youll work it out.asoborcanddfor23、i want to buy the jacket, i have not enough money with me.abutbsocordfor24、youi am going to help tom.aeither, orbnot, butcnot only, anddeach, and25、the soldier was wounded, he

27、 pushed on.aforbandcsodyet26、do you know jim quarrelled with his classmate?i dont know, .anor dont i camebnor do i careci dont care neitherdi dont care also27、he is a teacher, a singer as well.abutborcnordand28、should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.anot only, butbneither, no

28、r ceither, ordboth, and29、we have studied english for only one year, we can perform english short plays already.ayetbforcand dor30、she had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.asoborcbutdand31、the work was difficult, ,he finished in on time.abutbhowevercoth

29、erwisedtherefore32、the sky was cloudlessthe sun was shining.abutbandcfordso33、many times, but he still couldnt understand it.ahaving been toldbthough he had been toldche was tolddhaving told34、i was walking along the street i heard someone calling my name.awhenbwhilecanddfor35、to be healthy, you mus

30、t have a mealtoo big too small.aeither, orbneither, norcnot only, but alsodnot, but36、both jane and ellen, mary, are studying at the same college. atoobandcas welldas well as37、he has never studied english before, we should give him more help.aandborcthereforedbut38、i see your point of view; , i don

31、t agree with you.aorbbutcsodstill39、they must stay in the waterthey will die.abut bsocotherwisedand40、we played outside till sunset it began to rain.awhenbwhilecyetdso第三部分并列復(fù)合句所謂并列復(fù)合句，就是指并列句中的兩個(gè)分句中又內(nèi)含從句，或者說(shuō)就是含有復(fù)合句的并列句。如：the policeman looked at me suspiciously. 那警察用懷疑的眼光看著我。（簡(jiǎn)單句）he asked me what i wa

32、nted. 他問(wèn)我要干什么。（復(fù)合句，其中的的 what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）the policeman looked at me suspiciously, and he asked me what i wanted. 那警察用懷疑的眼光看著我，于是問(wèn)我要干什么。（并列復(fù)合句；and 連接兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成并列句，但 and 后面又是一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）一 .翻譯練習(xí)1.he is my friend and thats why i have accepted the task. 2.john wanted to go to the party, but his wife said that sh

33、e was too tired. 3.i put my arm across his shoulders and steered him to the sofa, where he collapsed. 4.he had always loved clara and he had always hoped that he could make her love him. 5.it was still early, and although she was fatigued her mind was restless.6.of course, they couldnt see with thei

34、r eyes, but they thought that by touching him they could learn just what kind of animal he was.7.i asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it. 第四部分名詞性從句概念：名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。形容詞性從句包括定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。1.

35、 that/ what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句下面句子中包含什么從句？that you dont like him has nothing to do with me. it is certain that they will win. i hear that he has joined the football club.we found it impossible that he could finish the work in such a short time. the problem is that they cant get here early enough.the news that

36、he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.what he said is not true.what is clear is that there is no life on the moon.i wonder what he will say at the meeting.our school is no longer what it was twenty years ago.思考：that 與what 在從句中的作用有何不同？2. whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether she comes or not makes no

37、difference.i didnt know whether he would attend the concert. the question is whether its worth trying.he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.注意：whether 意思為“是否”，不可換用 if. 3. 連接代詞who ,whom, what, whose, which, 連接副詞when, where, why , how找出下面復(fù)合句中的名詞性從句。who will be sent abroad to study

38、 is not known.i dont know whom he is waiting for.thats what he is worried about. i want to know whose house it is.which school will win the prize is not known.i have no idea when he will be back.the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation is under discussion.why he often comes here

39、is not known.he cant answer the question how he got the money. 思考：上述連接代詞和連接副詞的意思能否翻譯出來(lái)？that/what 的意思能否翻譯出來(lái)？4. wh-ever 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whatever was said here must be kept secret.whoever comes to the club is welcome. whenever you come is welcome.they ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. whoeve

40、r leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights思考：名詞性從句中的 wh-ever 可以換成 no matter wh- 嗎？比較：no matter who leaves the classroom last, he should turn off the lights.5. 常見(jiàn)的同位語(yǔ)從句形式the idea that we should have more industry in this area is a good one.we heard the news that the new bridge was still u

41、nder construction.he made a promise that he would pay off the debt soon.i have no idea when they came to visit my hometown.we have no doubt that mr. white will turn up tonight.word came that a vip will come to visit our school.名詞性從句中需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1. 名詞性從句中的that和定語(yǔ)從句中的that 不同that he will come and help you

42、 is certain.he has told me (that) he will go to shanghai tomorrow and that he will visit his friends the doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years agothe plane that has just taken off is for london.the reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.i thought it strange

43、that he failed to call me.2. whether 和 ifit is not decided if/whether we will have a meeting today.i dont know if / whether it is interesting.i wonder whether he will come or not. (不能用if)it all depends on whether they will support us. (不能用if)one question is whether birds should be kept in cages or n

44、ot. (不能用if)they are discussing the question whether we can finish the work in such a short time. (不能用if)3. wh-ever和 no matter wh-whoever breaks the rule must be punished.you can choose whatever you like in the shop.whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.no matter who breaks the rule, he must b

45、e punished.whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter what you do, you must do it well.4.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別the news that they had won the game was really exciting.the news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.5. 任何從句都必需是陳述句語(yǔ)序名詞性從句專練1. _he does has nothing to do with me. a. whatever b. no m

46、atter what c. that d. if2. the manager came over and asked the customer how_ a. did the quarrel came about b .the quarrel had come about c. had the quarrel come about d. had the quarrel come about3. energy is _makes thing work. a. what b. something c. anything d. that4. information has been put forw

47、ard _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as5. that is_ i was born and grew up. a. there b. in which c. where d. the place6. they have no idea at all_. a. where he has gone b. where did he go c. which place has he gone d. where has he gone 7.

48、the doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. a. that b. which c. of which d. of that 8. _all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. a. what; what b. that; that c. what; that d. that ; what 9. _is no possibility _bob can win the first prize in the mat

49、ch. a. there; that b. it; that c. there; whether d. it; whether10. the question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. a. that b. which c. whether d. if 11. is _he said really true? a. that b. what c. why d. whether12. whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public. a. why b. which c. that d. what13. it worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. a. while b. if c. that d. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. a. whether b. this c. who d. if 15._he will go to work in a mountain village sur