生化單詞背誦.doc

1、chapter 1 nucleic acid 第一章 核酸adenine腺嘌呤adenosine腺苷adenosine monophosphate腺苷一磷酸chromatin 染色質(zhì)cytosine 胞嘧啶cytidine 胞苷deoxyribonucleic acid 脫氧核糖核酸double helix 雙螺旋genome 基因組genomics 基因組學(xué)guanine 鳥嘌呤guanosine 鳥苷messenger rna 信使rna nucleoside triphosphate 核苷三磷酸nucleosome 核小體purine 嘌呤pyrimidine 嘧啶ribonucleic

2、 acid 核糖核酸ribosomal rna 核糖體rnaribozyme 核酶transfer rna 轉(zhuǎn)運rnauracil 尿嘧啶uridine 尿苷chapter 2 proteins 第二章 蛋白質(zhì)alanine 丙氨酸amino acids 氨基酸arginine 精氨酸asparagine 天冬酰胺aspartic acid 天冬氨酸cysteine 半胱氨酸glutamic acid 谷氨酸glutamine 谷氨酰胺glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycine 甘氨酸hemoglobin 血紅蛋白histidine 組氨酸isoleucine 異亮氨酸leucine 亮氨

3、酸lysine 賴氨酸methionine 蛋氨酸myoglobin 肌紅蛋白peptide 肽phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸primary structure 一級結(jié)構(gòu)proline 脯氨酸proteome 蛋白質(zhì)組proteomics 蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)quaternary structure 四級結(jié)構(gòu)secondary structure 二級結(jié)構(gòu)serine 絲氨酸t(yī)ertiary structure 三級結(jié)構(gòu)threonine 蘇氨酸t(yī)ryptophan 色氨酸t(yī)yrosine 酪氨酸valine 纈氨酸 chapter 3 glycoconjugates 第三章 糖復(fù)合物chondr

4、oitin sulfate 硫酸軟骨素dermatan sulfate 硫酸皮膚素fibronectin 纖連蛋白glycobiology 糖生物學(xué)glycolipid 糖脂glycomics 糖組學(xué)glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan 糖胺聚糖glycosidase 糖苷酶heparan 類肝素heparan sulfate 硫酸類肝素hyaluronic acid 透明質(zhì)酸integrin 整合蛋白keratan sulfate 硫酸角質(zhì)素laminin 層連蛋白proteoglycan 蛋白聚糖selectin 選擇素chapter 4 vitamins 第

5、四章 維生素ascorbic acid 抗壞血酸biotin 生物素carotenoid 類胡蘿卜素cholecalciferol 膽鈣化醇cobalamin 鈷胺素flavin adenine dinucleotide 黃素腺嘌呤二核苷酸multiprenylmenaquinone 多異戊烯甲基萘醌nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸pantothenic acid 泛酸pyridoxal phosphate 磷酸吡哆醛retinol binding protein 視黃醇結(jié)合蛋白riboflavin 核黃素tetrahydrofolic

6、 acid 四氫葉酸t(yī)hiamin pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素tocopherol 生育酚chapter 5 enzymes 第五章 酶abzyme 抗體酶substrate 底物allosteric enzyme 變構(gòu)酶competitive inhibition 競爭性抑制double reciprocal plot 雙倒數(shù)作圖essential group 必需基團(tuán)hydrolases 水解酶類irreversible inhibition 不可逆性抑制isomerases 異構(gòu)酶類kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions 酶促反應(yīng)動力學(xué)

7、ligases 連接酶類lyases 裂合酶類oxidoreductases 氧化還原酶類prosthetic group 輔基reversible inhibition 可逆性抑制specificity 特異性transferases 轉(zhuǎn)移酶類zymogen 酶原chapter 6 carbohydrate metabolism 第六章 糖代謝aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化citrate synthase 檸檬酸合酶fructose-6-phosphate 果糖-6-磷酸gluconeogenesis 葡糖異生glucose 葡萄糖glyceraldehydes-3-phosp

8、hatedehydrogenase3-磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶glycogen 糖原glycogenesis 糖原生成glycogenolysis 糖原分解glycolysis 糖酵解hexokinase 己糖激酶a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexa-酮戊二酸脫氫酶復(fù)合物malic acid 蘋果酸pentose phosphate pathway 磷酸戊糖途徑phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶pho

9、sphorylase 磷酸化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸pyruvate carboxylase 丙酮酸羧化酶succinyl coa 琥珀酰輔酶atricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循環(huán)chapter 7 biologic oxidation 第七章 生物氧化catalase 過氧化氫酶cytochrome 細(xì)胞色素electron transfer chain 電子傳遞鏈flavoprotein 黃素蛋白glycerophosphate shuttle 磷酸甘油穿梭iron-sulfur protein 鐵硫蛋白malate-aspartate shuttle 蘋果酸天冬

10、氨酸穿梭monooxygenase 加單氧酶oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化perioxidase 過氧化物酶superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶ubiquinone 泛醌chapter 8 lipid metabolism 第八章 脂類代謝acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸acyl carrier protein 酰基載體蛋白apolipoprotein 載脂蛋白arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸cardiolipin 心磷脂carnitine acyl transferase 肉堿脂酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶cholesterol 膽固醇chole

11、sterol ester 膽固醇酯chylomicron 乳糜微粒fat 脂肪b-hydroxybutyrate b-羥基丁酸ketone bodies 酮體leukotriene 白三烯lipase 脂酶lipoprotein 脂蛋白phosphatidyl choline 磷脂酰膽堿phosphatidyl ethanolamine 磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidyl inositol 磷脂酰肌醇prostaglandin 前列腺素sphingomyelin 鞘磷脂squalene 鯊烯triglyceride 甘油三酯triacylglycerol 三脂酰甘油thromboxane 血

12、栓噁烷very low density lipoprotein極低密度脂蛋白chapter 9 protein catabolism第九章蛋白質(zhì)的分解代謝s-adenosyl methionines腺苷蛋氨酸aminotransferase 氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶creatine phosphate 磷酸肌酸glutaminase 谷氨酰胺酶glutamate dehydrogenase 谷氨酸脫氫酶homocysteine 同型半胱氨酸nitrogen balance 氮平衡norepinephrine 去甲腎上腺素3-ph

13、osphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate 3-磷酸腺苷 5-磷酸硫酸polyamine 多胺proteosome 蛋白酶體purine nucleotide cycle 嘌呤核苷酸循環(huán)putrefaction 腐敗作用spermine 精胺transaminase 轉(zhuǎn)氨酶ubiquitin 泛素chapter 10 nucleotide metabolism 第十章 核苷酸的代謝de novo synthesis 從頭合成6-mercaptopurine 6-巰基嘌呤phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 磷酸核糖焦磷酸salvage pathway 補

14、救途徑thioredoxin reductase 硫氧還蛋白還原酶chapter 11 metabolic regulation 第十一章 代謝調(diào)節(jié)chemical modification 化學(xué)修飾diabetes mellitus 糖尿病inducer 誘導(dǎo)物rate limiting enzymes 限速酶repressor 阻遏物serine/threonine protein phosphatase 絲氨酸蘇氨酸蛋白磷酸酶chapter 12 dna biosynthesis 第十二章 dna生物合成bidirectional replication 雙向復(fù)制endonuclease

15、 內(nèi)切核酸酶exonuclease 外切核酸酶gene expression 基因表達(dá)polymerases 聚合酶類primase 引發(fā)酶primosome引發(fā)體proliferating cell nuclear antigen 增殖細(xì)胞核抗原recombination repairing 重組修復(fù)replicon 復(fù)制子reverse transcriptase 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶semiconservative replication 半保留復(fù)制single stranded dna binding protein 單鏈dna結(jié)合蛋白telomerase 端粒酶telomere 端粒dna to

16、poisomerasedna拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶chapter 13 rna biosynthesis 第十三章 rna生物合成cis-acting element 順式作用元件hybrid duplex 雜化雙鏈posttranscriptional processing 轉(zhuǎn)錄后加工promoter 啟動子small nuclear rna 小核rnasplicesome 拼接體template strand 模板鏈chapter 14 protein biosynthesis 第十四章 蛋白質(zhì)的生物合成antibiotics 抗生素cap-site binding protein 帽子結(jié)合蛋白chl

17、oromycetin 氯霉素diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素eukaryote 真核生物genetic code 遺傳密碼insulin 胰島素interferon 干擾素molecular chaperone 分子伴侶parathyroid hormone 甲狀旁腺激素streptomycin 鏈霉素translational initiation complex 翻譯起始復(fù)合物transpeptidase 轉(zhuǎn)肽酶chapter 15 regulation of gene expression 第十五章 基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控attenuator 衰減子catabolite gene ac

18、tivation protein 代謝分解物基因活化蛋白consensus sequence 共有序列enhancer 增強子housekeeping gene 看家基因operator 操縱基因operon 操縱子polycistronic mrna 多順反子mrnachapter 16 oncogene, tumor suppressor gene , and growth factors 第十六章 癌基因、抑癌基因和生長因子apoptosis 凋亡autocrine 自分泌cyclin dependence protein kinase 細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴的蛋白激酶differentiat

19、ion 分化endocrine 內(nèi)分泌epidermal growth factor 表皮生長因子fibroblast growth factor 成纖維生長因子granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor 粒細(xì)胞巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子immunoglobulin heavy chain gene 免疫球蛋白重鏈基因paracrine 旁分泌platelet derived growth factor 血小板源生長因子proliferation 增殖protooncogene 原癌基因retrovirus 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒transformation

20、 growth factor 轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子vascular endothelial growth factor 血管內(nèi)皮生長因子chapter 17 genetic technology 第十七章 基因技術(shù)alkaline phosphatase 堿性磷酸酶 bacteriophage 噬菌體cosmid 粘粒diethyl aminoethyl-dextran, deae-dextran deae葡聚糖digoxigenin 地高辛 genetic engineering 基因工程genomic library 基因文庫isopropyl thiogalactoside 異丙基硫代半乳糖苷m

21、olecular hybridization 分子雜交photobiotin 光敏生物素plasmid 質(zhì)粒polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)restriction endonuclease 限制性內(nèi)切核酸酶restriction fragment length polymorphism 限制性片段長度多態(tài)性single strand conformation polymorphism 單鏈構(gòu)象多態(tài)性transduction 轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)transfection 轉(zhuǎn)染transformation 轉(zhuǎn)化transgenic animals 轉(zhuǎn)基因動物chapter 18 b

22、iomembranes 第十八章 生物膜ankyrin 錨蛋白endocytosis 胞吞exocytosis 胞吐facilitated diffusion 易化擴散fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 光漂白熒光恢復(fù)glycocalyx 糖萼l(xiāng)iposome 脂質(zhì)體phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞飲作用serpentine receptor 蛇型受體spectrin 血影蛋白 chapter 19 signal transduction 第十九章 細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)adaptor protein 連接物蛋白atrial

23、natriuretic factor 心鈉素calmodulin 鈣調(diào)蛋白cytokine 細(xì)胞因子guanine nucleotide binding protein 鳥苷酸結(jié)合蛋白guanine-nucleotide exchange factor 鳥苷酸交換因子guanylin 鳥苷蛋白mitogen-activated protein kinase 有絲分裂原活化蛋白激酶neurotransmitter 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)protein kinase 蛋白激酶receptor tyrosine protein kinase 受體酪氨酸蛋白激酶chapter 20 blood biochemist

24、ry 第二十章 血液生物化學(xué)albumin 清蛋白aminolevulinic acid d-氨基-g-酮戊酸antithrombin iii 抗凝血酶iiiblood coagulation 血液凝固erythropoietin 促紅細(xì)胞生成素extrinsic pathway 外源性途徑high molecular weight kininogen 高分子量激肽原intrinsic pathway 內(nèi)源性途徑2-macroglobulin 2-巨球蛋白plasminogen 纖溶酶原prekallikrein 前激肽釋放酶prophobilinogen 膽色素原thrombomodulin

25、 凝血調(diào)節(jié)素transglutaminase 轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶chapter 21 liver biochemistry 第二十一章 肝的生物化學(xué)bilinogen 膽素原bilirubin 膽紅素bilirubin glucuronide 葡糖醛酸膽紅素biliverdin 膽綠素biotransformation 生物轉(zhuǎn)化chenodeoxycholic acid鵝脫氧膽酸cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase 膽固醇7a-羥化酶cholic acid 膽酸conjugation reaction 結(jié)合反應(yīng)deoxycholic acid 脫氧膽酸fetoprotein a-甲胎蛋白glycochenodeoxyc