土木專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、土木工程專業(yè)英語分類詞匯目 錄1. 一般術(shù)語12. 房屋建筑結(jié)構(gòu)術(shù)語33. 公路路線和鐵路線路術(shù)語44. 橋、涵洞和隧道術(shù)語55. 水工期建筑物術(shù)語66. 結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件和部件術(shù)語87. 地基和基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語108. 結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性和設(shè)計方法術(shù)語119. 結(jié)構(gòu)上的作用、作用代表值和作用效應(yīng)術(shù)語1210. 材料性能、構(gòu)件承載能力和材料性能代表值術(shù)語1411. 幾何參數(shù)和常用量程術(shù)語1512. 工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計常用的物理學(xué)、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計17131. 一般術(shù)語1building and civil engineering structures工程結(jié)構(gòu)2design of building and civil enginee

2、ring structures工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計3building engineering房屋建筑工程4civil engineering土木工程5highway engineering公路工程6railway engineering鐵路工程7port (harbour) and waterway engineering港口與航道工程8hydraulic engineering水利工程9hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering水利發(fā)電工程(水電工程) 10construction works建筑物(構(gòu)筑物)11structure結(jié)構(gòu)12foundation基礎(chǔ)

3、13foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground地基14timber structure木結(jié)構(gòu)15masonry structure砌體結(jié)構(gòu)16steel structure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)17concrete structure混凝土(砼)結(jié)構(gòu) 18special engineering structure特種工程結(jié)構(gòu) 19building房屋建筑20industrial building工業(yè)建筑21civil building; civil architecture民用建筑22highway公路 23highway network公路網(wǎng)24freeway高速公

4、路25arterial highway干線公路26feeder highway支線公路27railway; railroad鐵路(鐵道)28standard gauge railway標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距鐵路29broad gauge railway寬軌距鐵路30narrow gauge railway窄軌距鐵路31railway terminal鐵路樞紐32railway station鐵路車站33port; harbour港口34marine structure港口水工建筑物 35navigation structure; navigation construction通航(過船)建筑物 36ligh

5、t house燈塔 37water conservancy水利 38multipurpose hydraulic project; key water-control project; hydro-junction水利樞紐39reservoir水庫40hydraulic structure; marine structure; maritime construction水工建筑物41water retaining structure; retaining works擋水建筑物42intake structure進(jìn)水(取水)建筑物 43outlet structure; outlet works

6、; sluice works泄水建筑物44conveyance structure輸水建筑物45regulating structure; training structure rectification structure整治建筑物46hydro-electric station; hydropower station水電站47pump station水泵站(抽水站、揚(yáng)水站、提水站)48safety device安全設(shè)施2. 房屋建筑結(jié)構(gòu)術(shù)語1mixed structure混合結(jié)構(gòu)2slab-column system板柱結(jié)構(gòu)3frame structure框架結(jié)構(gòu)4arch structu

7、re拱結(jié)構(gòu)5folded-plate structure折板結(jié)構(gòu)6shell structure殼體結(jié)構(gòu)7space truss structure網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)8cable-suspended structure懸索結(jié)構(gòu)9pneumatic structure充氣結(jié)構(gòu)10shear wall structure剪力墻(結(jié)構(gòu)墻)結(jié)構(gòu)11frame-shear wall structure框架剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)12tube筒體結(jié)構(gòu)13suspended懸掛結(jié)構(gòu)14high-rise高聳結(jié)構(gòu)3. 公路路線和鐵路線路術(shù)語1highway公路路線2highway alignment公路線形3horizontal a

8、lignment平面線形4vertical alignment縱面線形5route selection公路選線6route location公路定線7horizontal curve平面線8vertical curve豎曲線9grade change point變坡點10route intersection路線交叉11permanent way鐵路線路12railway location鐵路選線13location鐵路定線14main line正線15sidings站線16minimum radius of curve最小曲線半徑17grade section坡段18maximum最大坡度19

9、grade平面交叉20grade立體交叉4. 橋、涵洞和隧道術(shù)語1simple supported girder bridge橋2continuous girder bridge簡支梁橋3cantilever girder bridge連續(xù)梁橋4simple supported girder bridge懸臂梁橋5cable stayed bridge斜拉(斜張)橋6suspension bridge懸索(吊)橋7trussed bridge桁架橋8frame bridge框架橋9rigid frame bridge剛構(gòu)(剛架)橋10arch bridge拱橋11submersible bri

10、dge漫水橋12pontoon bridge浮橋13right bridge正交橋14skew bridge斜交橋15grade separated bridge; overpass bridge跨線(立交)橋16viaduct高架橋17main span正(主)橋18approach span引橋19curved bridge彎橋20ramp bridge坡橋21combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge公路鐵路兩用橋22movable bridge開合橋23single-track bridge單線橋24double-track

11、bridge雙線橋25bridge superstructure橋跨結(jié)構(gòu)(上部結(jié)構(gòu))26bridge floor system橋面系27bridge bearing; bridge support橋支座28bridge substructure橋下部結(jié)構(gòu)29bridge tower索塔(橋塔)30abutment橋臺31pier橋墩32culvert涵洞33tunnel隧道(洞)34tunnel portal隧道洞口(洞門)35tunnel surrounding rock隧道(洞)圍巖36tunnel lining隧道(洞)襯砌5. 水工期建筑物術(shù)語1dam壩2dam axis壩軸線3gra

12、vity dam重力壩4arch dam拱壩5buttress dam支墩壩6earth-rock dam; embankment dam土石壩7concrete dam混凝土壩8rubber dam; flexible dam; fabric dam橡膠壩9spur dike; groin丁壩10training dike順壩11spillway溢洪道12weir堰(溢流堰)13coffer dam圍堰14hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞15deep water intake深式進(jìn)水口16dam type hydropower station堤壩式水電站17diversion con

13、duit type hydropower station引水(引水道)式水電站18tidal power station潮汐電站19pumped storage power station抽水蓄能電站20powerhouse of hydropower station水電站廠房21fore bay前池22pressure conduit壓力管道23surge chamber調(diào)壓室24tailrace尾水渠25navigation lock船閘26ship lift; ship elevator升船機(jī)27sluice; barrage水閘28channel渠道29aqueduct; bridge

14、d flume渡槽30chute陡坡31drop跌水32gallery system壩內(nèi)廊道系統(tǒng)33energy dissipating and anti-scour facility消能防沖設(shè)施34seepage control facility防滲設(shè)施35drainage facility排水設(shè)施36reverse filter反濾設(shè)施(倒濾設(shè)施)37turbine-pump station水輪泵站38ram station水錘泵站39under dam culvert壩下埋管40silting basin沉消池41dike; levee堤42breakwater; mole防波堤43wh

15、arf; quay碼頭44sloped wharf斜坡碼頭45dolphin wharf墩式碼頭46gravity quay-wall重力式碼頭47sheet-pile quay-wall板樁碼頭48open pier on piles; high-pile wharf高樁碼頭49floating pier; pontoon wharf浮(躉船)碼頭50dock船塢51ship-building berth船臺52slipway滑道6. 結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件和部件術(shù)語1member構(gòu)件2component; assembly parts部件3section截面4beam; girder梁5arch拱6sl

16、ab; plate板7shell殼8column柱9wall墻10truss桁架11frame框架12bent frame排架13rigid frame剛架(剛構(gòu))14simply supported beam簡支梁15cantilever beam懸臂梁16beam fixed at both ends兩端固定梁17continuous beam連續(xù)梁18superposed beam疊合梁19pile樁20sheet pile板樁21pavement路面22carriageway行車道23speed-change lane變速車道24sidewalk人行道25lane separator分

17、隔帶26bicycle path自行車道27road shoulder公路路肩28subgrade side ditch路基邊溝29catch ditch ;intercepting channel 截水溝(天溝)30drainage ditch排水溝31slope protection; revetment 護(hù)坡32retaining wall擋土墻33railway track鐵路軌道34rail鋼軌35sleeper軌枕36track skeleton軌排37bed 道床38ballast 道碴39turnout道岔40railway shunting hump鐵路調(diào)車駝峰41conti

18、nuous welded rail無縫線路42rail fastening 鋼軌扣件43guard rail護(hù)輪軌44railway shoulder鐵路路肩45wharf shoulder碼頭胸墻46relieving slab卸荷板47berthing member靠船構(gòu)件48mooring post bollard 系船柱49mooring ring 系船環(huán)50sluice chamber 閘室51sluice gate; lock gate閘門52sluice pier閘墩53apron護(hù)坦54apron extension; apron海漫55stilling basin消能池(消力

19、池)56roller bucket 消能戽(消力戽)57apron; impervious blanket 防滲鋪蓋58impervious curtain; cut-off 防滲帷幕59sealing ; seal ; water-stop止水60connection連接61joint 節(jié)點62expansion and contraction joint 伸縮縫63settlement joint 沉降縫64seismic joint防震縫65construction joint施工縫7. 地基和基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語1spread foundation擴(kuò)展(擴(kuò)大)基礎(chǔ)2rigid foundation

20、剛性基礎(chǔ)3single footing 獨立基礎(chǔ)4combined footing 聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)5strip foundation條形基礎(chǔ)6shell foundation殼體基礎(chǔ)7box foundation箱形基礎(chǔ)8raft foundation筏形基礎(chǔ)9pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ)10open caisson foundation沉井基礎(chǔ)11cylinder pile foundation; cylinder caisson foundation管柱基礎(chǔ)12caisson foundation沉箱基礎(chǔ)13subgrade of highway (railway) ; formatio

21、n路基14bed ; bedding基床8. 結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性和設(shè)計方法術(shù)語1reliability 可靠性2safety安全性3serviceability適用性4durability耐久性5basic variable基本變量6design reference period設(shè)計基準(zhǔn)期7probability of survival可靠概率8probability of failure 失效概率9reliability index 可靠指標(biāo)10calibration校準(zhǔn)法11deterministic method定值設(shè)計法12probabilistic method概率設(shè)計法13permissi

22、ble (allowable) stresses method容許應(yīng)力設(shè)計法14ultimate strength method破壞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計法15limit states method極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計法16limit states 極限狀態(tài)17limit state equation極限狀態(tài)方程18ultimate limit states承載能力極限狀態(tài)19serviceability limit states 正常使用極限狀態(tài)20partial safety factor分項系數(shù)21design situation設(shè)計狀況22persistent situation 持久狀況23transie

23、nt situation短暫狀況24accidental situation偶然狀況9. 結(jié)構(gòu)上的作用、作用代表值和作用效應(yīng)術(shù)語1action作用2load荷載3force per unit length線分布力4force per unit area面分布力5force per unit volume體分布力6moment of force力矩7permanent action永久作用8variable action可變作用9accidental action偶然作用10fixed action固定作用11free action自由(可動)作用.12static action靜態(tài)作用13dy

24、namic action動態(tài)作用14repeated action; cyclic action多次重復(fù)作用15low frequency cyclic action低周反復(fù)作用16self weight 自重17site load施工荷載18earth pressure土壓力19temperature action溫度作用20earthquake action地震作用21explosion action爆炸作用22wind load風(fēng)荷載23wind vibration風(fēng)振24snow load雪荷載25crane load吊車荷載26floor live load; roof live l

25、oad樓面、屋面活荷載27load on bridge橋(橋梁)荷載28dead load on bridge橋(橋梁)恒荷載29live load on bridge橋(橋梁)活荷載30standard highway vehicle load公路車輛荷載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)31standard railway live load中國鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活載32ship load船舶荷載33crane and vehicle load起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械荷載34ship impact force船舶撞擊力35ship breasting force船舶擠靠力36mooring force船舶系纜力37water pressur

26、e水壓力38buoyant force; floatage浮力39uplift pressure揚(yáng)壓力40wave pressure; wave force浪壓力(波浪力)41ice pressure冰壓力42silt pressure泥沙壓力43frost heave force; frost heave pressure凍脹力44representative value of an action作用代表值45characteristic value of an action作用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值46quasi-permanent value of an action作用準(zhǔn)永久值47combinatio

27、n value of actions作用組合值48partial safety factor for action作用分項系數(shù)49design value of an action作用設(shè)計值50coefficient for combination value of actions 作用組合值系數(shù)51effects of actions 作用效應(yīng)52coefficient of effects of actions 作用效應(yīng)系數(shù)53normal force軸向力54shear force剪力55bending moment 彎矩56Bi-moment雙彎矩57torque扭矩58stress應(yīng)

28、力59normal stress正應(yīng)力60shear stress; tangential stress剪應(yīng)力61principal stress主應(yīng)力62Pre-stress預(yù)應(yīng)力63displacement位移64deflection撓度65deformation變形66elastic deformation彈性變形67plastic deformation塑性變形68imposed deformation外加變形69restrained deformation約束變形70strain應(yīng)變71linear strain線應(yīng)變72shear strain; tangential strain

29、剪應(yīng)變73principal strain主應(yīng)變74combination for action effects作用效應(yīng)組合75fundamental combination for action effects作用效應(yīng)基本組合76accidental combination for action effects作用效應(yīng)偶然組合77combination for short-term action effects短期效應(yīng)組合78combination for long-term action effects長期效應(yīng)組合79limiting design value設(shè)計限值10. 材料性能、構(gòu)件

30、承載能力和材料性能代表值術(shù)語1resistance抗力2strength強(qiáng)度3compressive strength抗壓強(qiáng)度4tensile strength抗拉強(qiáng)度5shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度6flexural strength抗彎強(qiáng)度7yield strength屈服強(qiáng)度8fatigue strength疲勞強(qiáng)度9ultimate strain極限應(yīng)變10modulus of elasticity彈性模量11shear modulus剪變模量12modulus of deformation變形模量13poisson ratio泊松比14bearing capacity承載能力1

31、5compressive capacity受壓承載能力16tensile capacity受拉承載能力17shear capacity受剪承載能力18flexural capacity受彎承載能力19torsional capacity受扭承載能力20fatigue capacity疲勞承載能力21stiffness; rigidity剛度22crack resistance抗裂度23ultimate deformation極限變形24stability 穩(wěn)定性25spatial behaviour空間工作性能26brittle failure脆性破壞27ductile failure延性破壞

32、28partial safety factor for resistance抗力分項系數(shù)29characteristic value of a property of a material材料性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值30partial safety factor for property of material材料性能分項系數(shù)31design value of a property of a material材料性能設(shè)計值32normal value of geometric parameter幾何參數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值11. 幾何參數(shù)和常用量程術(shù)語1height of section; depth of sectio

33、n截面高度2breadth of section截面寬度3thickness of section截面厚度4diameter of section截面直徑5perimeter of section截面周長6area of section截面面積7first moment of area截面面積矩8second moment of area; moment of inertia截面慣性矩9polar second moment of area; polar moment of inertia截面極慣性矩10section modulus截面模量(抵抗矩)11radius of gyration截

34、面回轉(zhuǎn)半徑12eccentricity偏心矩13relative eccentricity偏心率14length長度15span跨度16rise矢高17slenderness ratio長細(xì)比18longitudinal gradient縱坡19superelevation超高20sight distance視距21width of subgrade路面寬度22width of subgrade路基寬度23clearance of highway公路建筑限界24gauge軌矩25railroad clearance鐵路建筑限界26clearance under bridge橋下凈空27cons

35、truction height of bridge橋建筑高度28clearance above bridge floor橋建筑限界29clearance of tunnel隧道建筑限界30berth泊位31additional depth; residual depth富余水深32wave characteristics; wave parameters波浪要素33tide level潮位34water level水位35design water level設(shè)計水位36dam height壩高37dam length壩長38free board安全超高(富余高度)39dead water le

36、vel水庫死水位40normal (pool) level水庫設(shè)計(正常)蓄水位41design flood level水庫設(shè)計洪水位42exceptional flood level水庫校長核洪水位43dead storage水庫死(墊底)庫容44usable storage 水庫興利(有效、調(diào)節(jié))庫容45total reservoir storage水庫總庫容total12. 工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計常用的物理學(xué)、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計1coefficient of friction磨擦系數(shù)2mass density質(zhì)量密度3force (weight) density重力密度4moment of momentum

37、動量矩5dynamic moment of inertia轉(zhuǎn)動慣量6dynamic effect factor 動作用系數(shù)7vibration振動8acceleration加速度9frequency頻率10natural frequency自振(固有)頻率11period周期12natural period of vibration自振周期13periodic vibration周期振動14amplitude of vibration振幅15degree of freedom自由度16damp阻尼17forced vibration 強(qiáng)迫振動18mode of vibration振型19res

38、onance 共振20statistical parameter統(tǒng)計參數(shù)21mean value平均值22mean square deviation方差23standard deviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差24coefficient of mean value均值系數(shù)25coefficient of variation變異系數(shù)26probability distribution概率分布27fractile; quantile分位數(shù)28significance level顯著性水平29hydro-static pressure靜水壓強(qiáng)30hydro-dynamic pressure動水壓強(qiáng)31total hydro-static pressure靜水總壓力32pressure gradient壓力梯度33pressure head壓力水頭34level head位置水頭35stream