名詞性從句用法詳解文檔

1、。高一語(yǔ)法專題：名詞性從句在句子中起 名詞 作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分為 主語(yǔ)從句 、賓語(yǔ)從句 、表語(yǔ)從句 、同位語(yǔ)從句 。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫做連接詞，包括：1. 連詞（在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，不作成分）2.連接代詞 （在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)）3.連接副詞 （在名詞性從句中作狀語(yǔ)）所有的名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序都是陳述句語(yǔ)序。I 主語(yǔ)從句 ：是在主句中作 主語(yǔ) 的從句。它由連接詞引導(dǎo)，通常位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。連接詞：1.連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句

2、的連詞有that ,whether 。That he got the first prize excited him much.他獲得一等獎(jiǎng)一事使他非常興奮。It is doubtful whether we can get there on time.我們能否按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒還不確定。1 ） that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：在從句中 不作任何成分，也沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。一般情況下 that 不可省略。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.眾所周知，光沿直線傳播。That you dont like him is none of my bus

3、iness.你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。2 ） whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if一般不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。Whether he can finish his task on time is of greatimportance.他是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)非常重要。Whether you can succeed or not depends on howhard you work at it.你能否成功取決于你努力的程度。2. 連接代詞：在從句中起名詞或代詞的作用，常作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，有具體意義且不能省略。常見(jiàn)的連接代詞有who,whom,whose,what ,w

4、hich ,whoever ,whomever,whatever ,whichever 。What we should do with the problem is undecided.我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個(gè)問(wèn)題還未作出決定。（what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不表疑問(wèn)意義）Whom the letter was from is still unknown.這封信是誰(shuí)郵寄的還不清楚。3. 連接副詞：在從句中起副詞的作用，常作從句的狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。常見(jiàn)的連接副詞有 when, where , how, why, whenever , wherever , however 等。 Why he

5、did that wasnt quite clear.。1。他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚。Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我們?cè)谀膬嚎梢圆樗牡刂愤€是個(gè)難題。注意： it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)that從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將that從句置于句末。常見(jiàn)的 it替代主語(yǔ)從句的句式主要有以下幾種：1） It +系動(dòng)詞 +形容詞 + that從句It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It is likely

6、 that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能會(huì)有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪。2） It +系動(dòng)詞 +名詞 + that從句常見(jiàn)的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有：a pity（遺憾）， a shame（遺憾，恥辱） ， a fact（事實(shí)）， an honor （榮耀），a wonder （奇跡），no wonder （難怪）， good news （好消息）等。Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.難怪你已取得了如此大的成功。Its a pity that you didnt attend their weddi

7、ng.你沒(méi)有參加他們的婚禮真是遺憾。3） It +系動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that從句It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.據(jù)說(shuō)在那次意外事故中沒(méi)有乘客受傷。It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.據(jù)宣布計(jì)劃已被順利實(shí)施。4 ） It +特殊動(dòng)詞 + that從句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：seem（看上去）， appear （顯得）， happen（碰巧），matter（關(guān)系重大）， turn out（結(jié)果）， occur t

8、o sb.（某人突然想起）等。It seems to me that he objects to the plan.在我看來(lái)，他好像反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇見(jiàn)了一位老朋友。II 賓語(yǔ)從句 ：在主句中起 賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。1.連詞 that, if/ whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that, whether/if都只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。that無(wú)實(shí)義，在句子中可以省略

9、；wether/if意為“是否” ，不可省略。He said (that) he couldnt finish his work before dusk.他說(shuō)黃昏之前他完不成任務(wù)。Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.沒(méi)有人知道他是否喜歡上學(xué)。注意： whether/ if都意為“是否” 。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語(yǔ)中常用if ，但在以下情況中，只能用whether ：1）與 or not緊接連用時(shí)。如：。2。Let me know whether or not you can come.請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否能來(lái)。2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

10、。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我們對(duì)你是否會(huì)參加會(huì)議感興趣。3 ）引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)4 ）在動(dòng)詞不定式前時(shí)。如：I dontknow whether to go.2.連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句who, whom, what, which, whomever, whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分,每個(gè)連接代詞都有自己特定的意義，一般不省略。Do you know who is in charge of the

11、 company?你知道誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)這家公司嗎？（作主語(yǔ)）Can you tell me which boy is your son?你能告訴我哪個(gè)是你兒子嗎？（作定語(yǔ)）What do you think his job is?你認(rèn)為他是干什么工作的？（作表語(yǔ)）3. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。（有時(shí) how much, how many 等也可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。每個(gè)連接副詞都有自己特定的意義，一般不省略。 ）The police aske

12、d me how the accident happened.警察問(wèn)我事故是怎么發(fā)生的。（方式狀語(yǔ)）I dont know when we will meet again.我不知道我們何時(shí)才能再見(jiàn)面。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Do you know where Mr. Brown lives?你知道布朗先生住在哪兒?jiǎn)幔浚ǖ攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）使用賓語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 ：在賓語(yǔ)從句中 要用陳述句語(yǔ)序 。He asked me when we could set out the next day.他問(wèn)我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。Did you find out where she lost her car?

13、你查出她在哪里丟的車(chē)了嗎？2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) ： 1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說(shuō)她周一至周五上班。（從句時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說(shuō)要在桌子上留個(gè)便條。（從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)）She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)峨眉山。（從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)

14、態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)摹?。過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（客觀真理、事實(shí)除外）He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說(shuō)昨天下午沒(méi)有課。 （從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)）He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他說(shuō)他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他說(shuō)他們那時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì)。（從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）3）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher told us that nothing

15、is difficult if we put our heartinto it.老師告訴我們，世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說(shuō)光比聲傳播得快。解題技巧 ： 1. 動(dòng)詞 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則要用it作形式賓語(yǔ) ，而將 that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every da

16、y.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫(xiě)日記成了慣例。2. hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和see to表示“注意，留意”后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我討厭他們含著滿嘴食物說(shuō)話。When you start the engine, you must see to it tha

17、t the car is in neutral.啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車(chē)的離合器處于空擋位置。3.介詞后 的賓語(yǔ)從句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。4.賓語(yǔ)從句的 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 。將 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的

18、謂語(yǔ)用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意： 反意疑問(wèn)句 的主語(yǔ)一般與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式。（主語(yǔ)是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。4。I dont suppose thats his fault, is it?我認(rèn)為這不是他的過(guò)錯(cuò)，是不是？5. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的 特殊疑問(wèn)形式 （又稱雙重疑問(wèn)句）在某些賓語(yǔ)從句中，賓語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞或連接副詞常被移到主句之前，構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)形式，其構(gòu)成為：Wh-/ How do you + vt. +賓語(yǔ)從句的其他部

19、分？常見(jiàn)的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine,expect,guess, say等。What do you think we will do next?你認(rèn)為我們下一步該怎么辦？Who do you guess will be our new headmaster?你猜誰(shuí)會(huì)是我們的新校長(zhǎng)？6. 賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞 that 不可省略的情況一般情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略，但下列情況下一般不省略 that ：1 ）介詞 except, but, besides等后跟 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。The American

20、stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.那個(gè)美國(guó)人站著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只是嘴唇還微微在動(dòng)。2 ） that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和主句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.我認(rèn)為，尤其重要的是，我們必須對(duì)自己有信心。Hesaid,in hisopinion,thatLei Feng was a good example of servingthepeople heart and soul.他說(shuō)，在他看來(lái)，雷鋒是一個(gè)全心全意為人民服務(wù)的好榜樣。3

21、）賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句且從句位于主句之前時(shí)。He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.他說(shuō)如果回來(lái)的早的話，他會(huì)來(lái)參加會(huì)議的。Marysaidthat,as she was not well,she couldnot get the highestscoreinthe midterm exam.瑪麗說(shuō)，因?yàn)樯眢w不好，她無(wú)法在期中考試中得最高分。4 ）當(dāng) it 作形式賓語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置時(shí)。We have made it clear that we will learn to deal wi

22、th various difficult problems.我們已經(jīng)表明，我們將學(xué)會(huì)處理各種難題。We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.我們想當(dāng)然地以為他們會(huì)接受這個(gè)建議的。5）有多個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè) that 可以省略，而其他的 that 常不可省略。I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will cometo saygoodbye to us.我認(rèn)為今天下午天會(huì)放晴，他們會(huì)來(lái)向我們告別的。5。6）當(dāng) when,

23、who, what, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.我知道現(xiàn)在是什么時(shí)候，且風(fēng)依然不大。Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.我非常清楚他住在什么地方，而且他生活得很幸福。賓語(yǔ)從句用法小結(jié)：一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異：陳述句子用that ；一般疑問(wèn)是否（if, whether）替；特殊問(wèn)句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異：主句

24、若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。三是語(yǔ)序要記清，從句永保陳述句。III表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句是在主句中作表語(yǔ)的從句，常跟在be, look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后。常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what,whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;連接副詞when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)。1. that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句that, whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只起連接作用，不作任何成分；that無(wú)實(shí)義， whether 意為“是否

25、” 。The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事實(shí)是我們應(yīng)該依靠自己。The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.問(wèn)題是我們能否降低這項(xiàng)工程的開(kāi)支。注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為表示“計(jì)劃、建議、命令、要求、主張”等的名詞時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用 “ (should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。My suggestion is that we(should)have a discussionabout this matter insteadof justlaying it aside.我提

26、議我們應(yīng)當(dāng)討論一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而不應(yīng)把它放在一邊。The doctors advice is that you (should) lie in bed for a few days.醫(yī)生建議你臥床休息幾天。2. wh-詞和 because 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句wh-詞包括連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever,和連接副詞when, where, why, wherever, whenever等，此類詞大多表示疑問(wèn)意義，偶爾表示陳述意義。because 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表示陳述意義。The question is ho

27、w we can persuade him to go.問(wèn)題是我們?nèi)绾尾拍苷f(shuō)服他去。That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我們野營(yíng)的地方。3. as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句此類表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the back door.。6。聽(tīng)上去好像有人在敲門(mén)。You look just as you looked 10 years ago.你看上去和十年前完全一樣。I

28、feel as though the house is shaking.我感到好像房子在晃動(dòng)。4. reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)從句需用that引導(dǎo)，一般不用why 或 because 引導(dǎo)。（但 reason 的定語(yǔ)從句常由why 引起）The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試的原因是他太粗心了。（ why 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， the reason 是先行詞； that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句， the reason 作主語(yǔ)）The reason for the car

29、 accident is that the driver was drunk.這次交通事故是司機(jī)酒后駕駛導(dǎo)致的。（ that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句， the reason 用作主語(yǔ)）IV 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是用以解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句，所以它總是跟在某一個(gè)名詞的后面。該名詞被稱作先行詞。1.同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞： that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。that, whether不作成分， that無(wú)實(shí)際意義， whether 表示“是否” ；其他連接詞具有實(shí)義，同時(shí)在同位語(yǔ)從句中作一定成分。（引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都不省略）We have pro

30、of that this man committed the crime.我們有證據(jù)證明是這個(gè)人犯的罪。I have no idea why she quit her present job.我不知道她為什么辭職。2.可跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞： advice 建議belief信念，相信doubt懷疑explanation解釋fact事實(shí)fear害怕feeling感覺(jué)hope希望idea想法，主意news消息possibility可能性thought想法wish愿望question問(wèn)題promise答應(yīng)，諾言reply答復(fù)suggestion建議 order命令problem問(wèn)題I have no

31、idea when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候回答定居。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Theproblem why the earthis becoming warmer and warmer isstillunder discussion.地球?yàn)槭裁醋兊迷絹?lái)越暖這一問(wèn)題仍在討論之中。There is a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.我內(nèi)心有種感受，我們將永遠(yuǎn)不知道UFO是什么。3.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1 ）先行詞不同：同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞常是一些具有具體信息內(nèi)容或一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought,doubt,。7。truth, possibility, promise, order等，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分